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SUBJECT ANALYSIS IN THE 21 ST CENTURY A Faster Way Bethany R. Levrault Cataloging and Metadata Librarian University of California Irvine SCIUG Conference, October 21, 2015

Subject Analysis in the 21st Century

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Page 1: Subject Analysis in the 21st Century

SUBJECT ANALYSIS IN THE 21ST CENTURY

A Faster WayBethany R. Levrault Cataloging and Metadata LibrarianUniversity of California IrvineSCIUG Conference, October 21, 2015

Page 2: Subject Analysis in the 21st Century

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WHAT IS FAST?• FAST is a subject heading schema developed by OCLC and the Library of Congress (with input from ALCTS)

• CORC Project: cataloging of Web resources• Simple, low-cost, easy to learn subject vocabulary identified as a need

Page 3: Subject Analysis in the 21st Century

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WHAT IS FAST?• Derived from Library of Congress Subject Headings, but it is:

• Simple to learn and apply• Faceted navigation-friendly• Modern” in its design (useable as linked data)

Page 4: Subject Analysis in the 21st Century

HOW IS FAST DIFFERENT FROM LCSH?

Faceted: Terms are consistently divided into categories (facets) such as topics, places, time, form/genre

• LCSH: Church and state—Catholic Church—Austria—18th century

• FAST: Church and state—Catholic Church (Topic)Austria (Place)18th century (Period)

Page 5: Subject Analysis in the 21st Century

8 CATEGORIES OF FACETSFAST Facet MARC 21 field

Chronological 648

Corporate Names 610

Events 611

Form/Genre 655

Geographic Names 651

Personal Names 600

Titles 630

Topics 650

Page 6: Subject Analysis in the 21st Century

HOW IS FAST DIFFERENT FROM LCSH?

Enumerative: All subject headings or terms for compound or complex subjects are listed, making complex rules for their coordination not necessary

• In LCSH, multiple rules were used by the cataloger to create this string: Church and state—Catholic Church—Austria—18th century

• In FAST, all strings are already created for the cataloger:Church and state—Catholic Church (Topic)Austria (Place)18th century (Period)

Page 7: Subject Analysis in the 21st Century

HOW IS FAST DIFFERENT FROM LCSH?

Post-Coordinated: A system where the cataloger describes complex subjects by assigning separate single concept terms

• In LCSH, the user could (theoretically) click on this one heading to get all works about this concept:

Church and state—Catholic Church—Austria—18th century

• In FAST, the user must combine all these terms at the search stage:

Church and state—Catholic Church (Topic)Austria (Place)18th century (Period)

Page 8: Subject Analysis in the 21st Century

DISADVANTAGE: SOME CONTEXT LOST

• In LCSH, the structure of the heading provides context:

Bengal (India)—History—18th centuryGreat Britain—Colonies—Asia—Administration

• In FAST, the user must combine all these terms at the search stage:

Chronological: 1700-1799Topical: Colonies—AdministrationGeographic: India—Bengal, Asia, Great BritainForm: History

Page 9: Subject Analysis in the 21st Century

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PRESENCE OF FAST• Since 2013, OCLC has been adding FAST headings to a subset of WorldCat records

• Headings appear in 600, 610, 611, 630, 648, 650, 651, and 655 with second indicator 7 $2 fast and $0

• You may have noticed these in OCLC and wondered why they were present, since duplication with LCSH is apparent

Page 10: Subject Analysis in the 21st Century

SO WHY SHOULD WE CARE?• Eliminates the necessity of learning a complex set of rules as in LCSH

• Can be used and applied more easily• Hidden collections can be unhidden faster• Digital collections can retain the richness of LCSH but with ease of use

• Available as linked data

Page 11: Subject Analysis in the 21st Century

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MILLENNIUM

• Traditional WebPac• Discovery systems• How the headings are treated may vary:

• Load them? Load all of them?• Display them? Display some of them?• Index them?

Page 12: Subject Analysis in the 21st Century

HOW CAN WE USE FAST?• searchFAST: http://fast.oclc.org/searchfast/• assignFAST:

• http://experimental.worldcat.org/fast/assignfast/ • FASTConverter• FAST Linked Data API• WorldShare Record Manager

http://fast.oclc.org/searchfast/
http://experimental.worldcat.org/fast/assignfast/
Page 13: Subject Analysis in the 21st Century

A FEW CURRENT USES OF FAST• Columbia University: FAST replaced LCSH for digital

collections• Cornell University Library: minimal-level cataloging pilot• Australian Policy Online: used in catalog search• British Library: testing FAST• National Library of New Zealand• University of North Dakota • OCLC’s own projects, like OCLC Classify, WorldCat Genres,

and WorldCat Identities

Page 14: Subject Analysis in the 21st Century

SELECTED REFERENCES

• Enriching WorldCat with FAST. (2013). Retrieved from https://www.oclc.org/news/announcements/2013/enriching-worldcat-with-fast.en.html

• Mixter, J. and Childress, E. R. (2013). FAST (Faceted Application of Subject Terminology) Users: Summary and Case Studies. (OCLC Research). Retrieved from http://tinyurl.com/ozk5y7u

• Proffitt, M., Washburn, B., Vizine-Goetz, D., & Tennant, R. (2015). OCLC Research Update, ALA Annual 2015.

• Qiang, J. (2009). Is FAST the Right Direction for a New System of Subject Cataloging and Metadata? Cataloging and Classification Quarterly, 45(3), 91-110. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J104v45n03_08

https://www.oclc.org/news/announcements/2013/enriching-worldcat-with-fast.en.html
https://www.oclc.org/news/announcements/2013/enriching-worldcat-with-fast.en.html
http://tinyurl.com/ozk5y7u
http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J104v45n03_08

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