Jose Rizalat the

UNIVERSITY OFSANTO TOMAS

(1877-1882)

Mother’s Opposition to Higher Education

Her Reason: If Rizal gets to learn more, the Spaniards will cut off his head.

In contrary, Paciano and Don Francisco wanted Rizal to pursue College Education.

Take note: The Bachelor of Arts degree during

Spanish times was equivalent to a high school diploma today.

Rizal’s Grades (1877-1878)

Philosophy and Letters

Cosmology & Metaphysics Sobresaliente Theodicy Sobresaliente History of Philosophy Sobresaliente

Conversion Sobresaliente = 1.00 Excellent Notable, Aprovechade = 1.50 Very Good Bueno = 2.00 Good Mediano = 2.50 Fair Aprovado = 3.00 Passed Suspenso = 4.00 Conditioned Reprobado = 5.00 Failed

Enrollment at UST

Philosophy and Letters during his freshman year. (1877-1878)

Why Philosophy & Letters? 1.) Don Francisco liked it. 2.) Uncertainty on what course to take up. 3.) Failure to solicit the advice of Father Ramon Pablo, Ateneo’s Rector, who was then at Mindanao.

Rizal’s enters the University

April 1877 Rizal enrolled at UST, taking the course on Philosophy and Letters.

Reasons:1. His father liked it.2. He was still uncertain as to what career to pursue.

Fr. Pablo Ramon rector of the Ateneo.

1877 – 1878 Rizal studied Cosmology, Metaphysics, Theodicy, and History of Philosophy during his first year term.

1877 – 1879 Rizal took up medical course upon the advised of Ateneo’s Rector to study medicine.

Reason:-- To be able to cure his mother’s

growing blindness.

Extra-curricular activities in Ateneo while studying at UST:

President of the Academy of Spanish LiteratureSecretary of the Academy of Natural SciencesSecretary of the Marian Congregation

Other Extra-curricular Activities

• Literary contests:Liceo Artistico Literario de Manila

A La Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth)

El Consej de los Dioses (The Council of the Gods)

• Wrote one-act play:Junto al Pasig• Poems:

Abd el-Aziz y Mohama Al M.R.P. Pablo Ramon

Medical Studies at UST

Shifting from PHL & Letters to Medicine.

Why did Rizal Shift to Medical course?

1.) Don Pablo Ramon, Ateneo Rector, advised him to choose medicine.

2.) Rizal wanted to cure his mother’s growing blindness.

Scholastic Records from 1878-18821st year – Medicine (1878-1879)

Physics Fair

Chemistry Excellent

Natural History Fair Anatomy 1

Good Dissection 1

Good

2nd year – Medicine (1879-1880) Anatomy 2

Good Dissection 2

Good Physiology

Good Private Hygiene

Good Public Hygiene

Good

3rd year – Medicine (1880-1881) General Pathology Fair Therapeutics Excellent Surgery Good4th year – Medicine (1881-1882) Medical Pathology Very Good Surgical Pathology Very Good Obstetrics Very Good

Reasons Why Rizal didn’t enjoy his stay at UST:

1.) Hostility of Dominican Professors to him. 2.) Racial discrimination against Filipino students. 3.) Dissatisfaction with the method of instruction.Reasons why Rizal performed poorly at UST: 1.) Medicine is not his vocation. 2.) Discontentment with the system of education. 3.) Distractions of youth.

Romances

• Segunda Katigbak - Rizal’s puppy love Batangas

• Miss L – fair with seductive and attractive eyes

Calamba

• Leonor Valenzuela – Orang Pagsanjan, Laguna

Parents: Capitan Juan and Capitana Sanday Valenzuela

Rizal sent love notes written in invisible ink

• Leonor Rivera – a frail, beautiful girl, tender as a budding flower

with kindly wistful eyes Camiling, Tarlac

April 11, 1867 Father: Antonio Rivera

University: La Concordia College Taimis

• Vicenta Ybardaloza Pagsanjan

Can play Harp

Student Activism at UST• Rizal displayed his leadership in student activism.• Indio/chongo vs kastila/bangus• Bitter hostility exist• Racial animosity

Compañerismo(The Comradeship)

-Inspired by Alexander Dumas, Three Musketeers

– Secret Society of Filipino Students Companions of Jehu

Inspired by Les Compagnons de JehuRizal (president)Galiciano Apacible (secretary)

• Humiliating treatment of brown Filipino students• Archaic method of instruction at UST• Favoritism & skin color – criteria for academic

performance

Spanish Brutality

happened during his 1st summer vacation at Calamba after his freshman year.

Failure to perceive a lieutenant during that night.

Gen. Primo de Rivera – Gov. General of the Philippines at that time.

Finishing Medicine at UST

• Notable in all of his subjects.• He was the 2nd best student in a

class of seven who passed the medicine course.

Decision to Go to Europe

To complete his medical course in Barcelona, Spain.

To make a name for himself in the field of Journalism.

To observe and study European Society. To prepare himself for the task of liberating

the Filipinos from Spanish Tyranny.

Thank you for Listening!!!