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Implementing the Planned Response
5
Objectives (1 of 6)
• Describe how to notify proper authorities and request additional resources
• Describe procedures for requesting additional resources
• Describe scene control procedures using control zones
5
Objectives (2 of 6)
• Describe appropriate locations for control zones and incident command posts
• Describe effective coordinated communication techniques
• Describe evidence preservation
5
Objectives (3 of 6)
• Describe the roles of the operations level responder, the incident safety officer, and a hazardous materials branch or group, at a hazardous materials incident
• Describe levels of hazardous materials incidents
5
Objectives (4 of 6)
• Describe the incident command system
• Describe the importance of the buddy system and backup personnel
• Describe protective actions during search and rescue, evacuation, and sheltering-in-place
5
Objectives (5 of 6)
• Describe safety precautions to be observed when approaching or working in a hazardous materials environment– Safety briefings– Physical capability requirements
• For heat and cold stress
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Objectives (6 of 6)
• Describe evaluation and communication of the status of the response
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Scene Control
• Important at all emergencies
• Paramount at hazardous materials incidents
5
Incident Size-up
• Rapid mental evaluation
• Use visual indicators of incident
• Process the information
• Conclusions help form plan of action
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Plan of Action (1 of 2)
• Size-up of incident determines posture
• Aggressive, offensive posture– Attack the problem
• Defensive posture– Isolate the scene and protect exposures– Allow incident to stabilize
5
• Initial actions set tone for response and are critical to success of effort– Safety– Isolate– Notify
Plan of Action (2 of 2)
5
Safety
• Ensure your own safety
• Obtain briefing from those involved
• Understand nature of problem
• Attempt to identify released substance
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Isolate
• Isolate and deny entry to scene
• Separate the people from the problem
• Establish command post
• Formulate incident action plan
• Begin assigning tasks
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Notify
• Decide if anyone should be notified:– Specialized responders– Law enforcement– Technical experts– Regulatory agencies
5
DECIDE Decision-Making Algorithm
Use the DECIDE decision-making algorithm as a loose guide for developing an action plan and to focus your thinking.
5
Response Safety Procedures
• Isolate release area
• Establish control zones
• Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)
• Evacuate others
• Sheltering-in-place strategy
• Emergency medical care at safe location
5
Ignition Sources (1 of 2)
• Identify and secure
• So as not to create unintentional ignition source, use only intrinsically safe devices
5
Ignition Sources (2 of 2)
All intrinsically safe radios and batteries will be marked by the factory with a specific label denoting them as such.
5
Establishing Control Zones (1 of 2)
• Hot zone
• Cold zone
• Warm zone
• Don’t make too big
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Establishing Control Zones (2 of 2)
Control zones spread outward from the center of a hazardous materials incident.
5
Emergency Decontamination
• Remove bulk of contaminants from person as quickly and completely as possible
• Performed in potentially life-threatening situations
• Without formal establishment of decontamination corridor
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Protective Actions (1 of 2)
• First priority: Evaluate threat to life– If none exist, severity of incident is diminished
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Protective Actions (2 of 2)
• Life-safety actions include:– Ensuring your own safety– Search and rescue
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Buddy System
• Operating alone should never be allowed
• No fewer than two responders enter contaminated area
• Required by OSHA HAZWOPER regulation
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Backup Personnel
• Backup team – Wears same level of protection as entry team– Required by OSHA HAZWOPER regulation– A team of at least two– Ready to spring into action
5
Evacuation (1 of 2)
• Incident commander determines need
• May be assisted by:– Fire fighters– Law enforcement personnel
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Evacuation (2 of 2)
• Safe area must be found
• Transportation must be arranged
• ERG lists evacuation distances– Orange-bordered pages
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Sheltering-in-Place
• Usually inside structures
• Windows and doors closed, ventilation off
• Local emergency plans should identify available facilities
• Evacuate vs. shelter-in-place: Consider chemical released, time available to avoid
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Search and Rescue
• Ensuring your safety is first priority
• Released substance must be known
• IC determines need/feasibility
• Victims are removed to warm zone
5
Safety Briefing (1 of 3)
• Written site safety plan should be completed– May have to abandon if rescue required
• Verbal safety briefing is performed– May be brief
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Safety Briefing (2 of 3)
• Informs all responders of:– Health hazards– Incident objectives– Emergency medical procedures
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Safety Briefing (3 of 3)
– Radio frequencies and emergency signals– Description of site– PPE to be worn
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Excessive-Heat Disorders
• Heat exhaustion– Mild form of shock– Use tepid water to drink and cool skin
• Heat stroke– Severe and potentially fatal– Transport immediately to medical facility
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Cold-Temperature Exposures (1 of 2)
• Caused by released materials
• Caused by environment
• Keep clothing next to skin dry
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Cold-Temperature Exposures (2 of 2)
Trenchfoot can result when wet socks are worn at long-term incidents in cool environments.
5
Physical Capability Requirements for PPE
• Pre-entry health screening
• On-scene medical monitoring
5
Incident Command System (ICS)
(1 of 2)
• HAZWOPER OSHA regulation requires
• Advantages:– Common terminology– Consistent organizational structure– Consistent position titles– Common incident facilities
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Incident Command System (ICS)
(2 of 2)
Major functional components of the ICS.
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Command (1 of 2)
• Responsible for management of response
• Unified command– Helpful when multiple agencies are involved
• Incident command post (ICP)– At or near scene of emergency– Command and all direct support staff
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Command (2 of 2)
A unified command involves many agencies directly involved in the decision-making process for a large incident.
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Command Staff
• Incident commander (IC)
• Safety officer
• Liaison officer
• Public information officer
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Command Staff Functions(1 of 2)
• Operations
• Planning
• Logistics
• Finance/administration
5
Command Staff Functions(2 of 2)
The public information officer is responsible for gathering and releasing incident information to the media and other appropriate
agencies.
5
Operations (1 of 3)
• Led by Operations Section Chief
• Responsible for all tactical operations
• Contains groups and divisions– Group: Working on same task or objective– Division: Working in same geographic location
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Operations (2 of 3)
• Hazardous materials branch– Hazardous materials safety officer– Entry team– Decontamination team– Backup team– Technical reference team
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Operations (3 of 3)
Creating branches within the Operations Section is one way to manage the span of control during a large incident.
5
Planning
• Led by Planning Section Chief
• Central point for collecting information– Situation status– Tracks and logs on-scene resources– Disseminates written incident action plan
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Logistics
• Led by Logistics Section Chief
• Arranges:– Food– Sleeping facilities– Transportation– Other resources
5
Finance
• Tracks costs related to incident
• Handles procurement issues
• Bills responder time
5
Operations Level Responder (1 of 2)
• Integral component of response plan– Implements or supports actions to protect
people, property, and the environment– Mission-specific duties determined by AHJ
• Familiar with emergency response plans
• Knows different levels of response
5
Operations Level Responder (2 of 2)
5
Summary (1 of 2)
• SIN—Safety, Isolate, and Notify
• Ensure scene safety– Establish control zones: hot, warm, cold
• Use the buddy system
5
• Make risk-based decision to determine whether to evacuate or shelter-in-place
• Safety briefing informs of health hazards
• Avoid/treat heat and cold exposures
• Employ incident command system (ICS)
Summary (2 of 2)
5