Organisation of workers acting collectively, who seek to protect and promote their mutual interests through collective bargaining

CLASSICAL – Protect the interests of workers – express the needs ,aspirations , wishes of workers

NEO – CLASSICAL – Improving issues like tax reliefs , raising saving rates , etc.,

REVOLUTIONARY CHANGE IN THE SYSTEM – Through violence , use of force

MILITANT OR PROTECTIVE OR INTRA-MURAL FUNCTIONS – protecting workers interests –wage hike, job security , collective bargaining & strikes ,gheraos ,etc.,

FRATERNAL or EXTRAMURAL FUNCTIONS – financial & non-financial assistance to workers during strikes & lockouts, medical facilities ,education , recreation, religious benefits ,etc.,

POLITICAL FUNCTIONS – Affiliating with political party – collect donation – help during strikes

SOCIAL FUNCTIONS – Social service activities ,discharging social responsibilities

Wages & Salaries

Working Conditions

Discipline

Personnel policies

Welfare

Employer-Employee relations

Negotiating Machinery

Safeguarding organisational health & the interest of the Industry

Sectional bargainer – Interests of workers @ plant,Industry,National level – multiplicity of unions, Crafts union, White collar union , etc.,

Class bargainer – interests of Particular class – Agriculture Unions , Civil servants union

Agents of State – Railway strike , INTUC stood behind

Partners in Social Control – Germany , Holland ,France , Italy & Sweden

Unions Role - enemies of economic system – politics driven – Leftist – fundamental economic change – high wages & bonus – wont consider economy

Business oriented role – consider interests of organisation as well - swim & sink together

Unions as Change agent – lead changes – pioneering role

Based on Ideology Revolutionary Unions – Destruction of existing

one & creating new one – Shift in power & authority & use force(LEFT)

Reformist or Welfare Unions – Exchanges in

existing Socio-political framework – European model

Uplift Unions – Advocates beyond working conditions – Poverty elimination , Change in tax system

Based on Trade Membership based on trade they represent – Craft

union(WEST) certified to do certain craft like pipe fitting , Carpentry – not in INDIA & SRILANKA

Range of workers represented in general union from all trades - in INDIA & SRILANKA

BLUE-COLLAR WORKERS – Workers on the Production floor or Outdoor Trades(Construction site)

WHITE –COLLAR WORKERS – Employees in shops & Offices – clerical & allied functions

Industry they work – Agricultural Labour union, Forest workers union

Based on agreement Closed Shop – Workers should be join the union

to become the employee – Hartley Act 1947 bans this – Still exist in US – also called HIRING HALL

Union Shop - All new recruits should the union within the period

Preferential shop – union members given preference in filling the vacancy

Maintenance shop – No compulsory membership b4 & after recruitment – membership remains compulsory once chosen

Agency Shop – Non union member pays equal to member to continue employment

Open Shop - No compulsory membership b4 & after recruitment - no unions at all