Work study and ergonomics

Sub : PQMS.n.g.c

Roll no. 1 and 2Date : 20-01-2012

Work studyIntroduction :

Parts of work study

Work study

Method study

Work Measurement

Method improvement

Ergonomics

Definitions of work studyWork study is systematic examination of

methods of carrying out activities such as to improve the effective use of resources and to set up standards of performance for the activities carried out.

A generic term for those techniques, which are used in the examination of human work in all its contexts, and which lead systematically to the investigation of all the factors which affect the efficiency and economy.

Method studyIn method study we are use the techniques to examine work or the process.

This study considers what is done and how it is done.There is a systematic analysis of all elements, factors, resources and the relationships affecting the efficiency and effectiveness of work being studied.

It was originally designed for the analysis and improvement of repetitive, manual work, but it can be used for all types of activity at all levels of an organization.

The purpose of the study is to find economy of the money, economy of human effort, economy of time, material, skill, space machine time and tool etc.

Cont…Definition :

the method study is the scientific , analytical procedure for determining preferable work method considering , The raw materialsThe design of the productThe order of the workThe tool, workplace and equipment for each

individual step in processThe hand body motions step used in each step.

Stages of methods studyIt is a general problem solving strategy.

Method study represent following stages.

1. Select a task to study.2. Record the facts about it.3. Examine these.4. Develop a new method.5. install/implement it.6. Maintain it.

Work measurementWork measurement has importance in the

industrial engineering department. it is also called as a time study.

Definition:it is the judgment, in terms of in terms of value involving human efforts. It produces time standers for the performance by man or by group of men.

Purpose of the work measurement

To set schedulesTo determine supervisory objectivesTo set a labour standards for the ‘satisfactory’

performance.To determine no. of machine that people may run.To balance the work of crews of production line.To compare alternative methods.To determine standard cost.To determine requirement of labour and equipments.To determine basic time or standard data.To determine the prices of piece or incentive wages.

Techniques for work measurement

ergonomics

It is application of knowledge about human capabilities and limitation to the design of workplace, equipment, tools, work methods, products and organizational structures.

The purpose of the ergonomics is to promote physical comfort , productivity and efficiency.

The term ergonomics is derived from two Greek words.‘Ergo’ means work and ‘nomoi’ means natural laws.

It studies the human capabilities in relationship to work demand.

Principles of ergonomicsWhile working all activities should permit the

worker to have several different healthy and safe postures.

Work activities should be perform with the joints at about mid point of their range of movement . This applies particularly to the head, trunk, upper limbs.

---it is impossible to understand the control of movement without understanding the human bodies as a mechanical system with respect to its internal external force.

The factors, which affect while men is on the job

Force used by man. Its exertion.Repetition of same action again and again.Awkward posture of un natural style.Overexertion due to excessive strength used on

job.Temperature, ventilation and humidity at the

workplace due to typical condition.Noise created by machines, persons, speeches

etc.Seeing continuously at unnatural level and

positions and at lighting etc.

Computer related problems

Workstation design.Keyboard working height.Wrist rests.Monitors.Chair design and adjustment procedure.Manual material handling at workplace.

Physical postures

Lifting weight

1

2

lifting weight

Posture while sitting on a chair

3

Posture while sitting on a chair and looking at…

4

Pc monitor and sitting posture

5

Ergo reminders

exercise

nutrition relaxation

body mind spirit

Thank you !