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BY 123 CONTENT
REVIEWExam One
QUESTION 1Which lipids are important in eukaryotic
membranes?
a. triglyceridesb. cholesterolc. phospholipidsd. a and be. b and c
QUESTION 2Microtubules function alone or form protein
complexes to produce complex structures such as:
I. muscle cell myosin and actinII. the flagellaIII. the mitotic spindle apparatus
a. I onlyb. II onlyc. III onlyd. II and III onlye. I, II, and III
QUESTION 3Which statement(s) about the ratio of cell
surface area to cell volume is (are) correct?
a. Because of limitations in the surface-to-volume ratio, larger organisms
generally do not have larger volume cells when compared to smaller organismsb. cells involved in uptake of materials with
their environment have large surface areas without greatly increasing their volumec. cells with more convoluted surfaces have
larger surface-to-volume ratios than cells with smooth surfacesd. a and be. a, b and c
QUESTION 4What is true of an individual element?
a. atomic weight is always constantb. atomic number is always constantc. mass number is always constantd. all of the abovee. none of the above
QUESTION 5A transversion is a mutation that
causes a conversion of a purine to a pyrimidine or vice versa. Which of the following is an example of a transversion?
a. cytosine guanineb. thymine uracilc. adenine guanine d. cytosine thyminee. cytosine uracil
QUESTION 6The meniscus of water in a graduated
cylinder is explained by
a. cohesionb. surface tensionc. specific heatd. adhesione. none of the above
QUESTION 7Emergent properties of living systems are
defined as properties that ____.
a. are apparent only when an organism is studied at the molecular levelb. define the cell’s surroundingsc. are due to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increasesd. are evident during only one portion of the life cycle of an organisme. none of the above
QUESTION 8An isotope of carbon has a mass number
of 14. It has…
a. 6 neutronsb. 8 neutronsc. 8 protonsd. 8 electronse. none of the above
QUESTION 9Which of the following is NOT true of
both cilia and flagella?
a. responsible for movement of fluid over cellular surfaceb. involved in single cell locomotionc. provide sperm with motilityd. microtubule-derived structurese. both a and d
QUESTION 10A nucleotide sequence of one strand of
DNA reads CGAATT. What does its complementary RNA strand read?
a. CGAATTb. ATCCGGc. GCTTAAd. AATTCGe. none of the above
QUESTION 11Which one of the following organelles
is unlikely to show enhanced abundance in the pancreatic cells that secrete large amounts of digestive enzymes?
a. rough endoplasmic reticulumb. free cytoplasmic ribosomesc. golgi apparatusd. transport vesiclese. none of the above
QUESTION 12Cellulose is a _______ made of many
_______.
a. carbohydrate, fatty acidsb. polymer, glucose moleculesc. protein, amino acidsd. lipid, triacylglycerolse. polypeptide, monomers
QUESTION 13The 9+2 pattern is characteristic of
1. bacterial flagella2. eukaryotic cilia3. eukaryotic flagella4. centrioles5. basal bodies
a. 1 & 3b. 2 & 3c. 1, 2 & 3d. 2, 3 & 4e. 2, 3, 4 & 5
QUESTION 14Cholesterol released from cholesterol
esters can be used for the synthesis of all of the following EXCEPT:
a. cell membranesb. aldosterone (steroid hormone) c. vitamin D (steroid hormone)d. cell walls e. all of the above
QUESTION 15An acid of pH 1.5 is how many times more
acidic than an acid of pH 3.5?
a. 2b. 10c. 20d. 50e. 100
QUESTION 16A neuron soma contains a significant
cytoskeleton that is designed to
a. allow intracellular transport and provide structural integrityb. allow mitosis but not meiosis to take
placec. be used for nerve cell divisiond. synthesize enzymes for protein synthesise. none of the above
QUESTION 17A lizard climbing the side of the building is
able to do this because of
a. ionic bondsb. Van der Waals forcesc. hydrogen bondingd. covalent bondse. all of the above
QUESTION 18(Canceled question)
QUESTION 19Water’s high specific heat is a result of
a. covalent bondingb. adhesionc. hydrogen bondingd. surface tensione. global warming
QUESTION 20Carbon readily forms compounds because
of its
a. valenceb. molecular weightc. electronegativityd. a and be. none of the above
QUESTION 21Failus testus is a multicellular,
heterotrophic organism whose cells contain membrane-bound organelles. To which domain does it belong?
a. Plantaeb. Archaeac. Animaliad. Eukaryae. Fungi
QUESTION 22The distinctive structure of a steroid is
a. two pentose sugarsb. all have enantiomersc. an amine groupd. four fused ringse. none of the above
QUESTION 23 1. golgi apparatus
2. rough endoplasmic reticulum3. smooth endoplasmic reticulum4. transport vesicle5. plasma membrane6. mitochondria
This organelle has a double membranea. 1b. 3c. 4d. 6e. none of the above
QUESTION 24A technique similar to phagocytosis by
which a living cell engulfs a minute droplet of liquid is known as
a. endocytosisb. exocytosisc. pinocytosisd. phago-engulfinge. oligocytosis
QUESTION 25True / False
A patient with Parkinson’s disease would be prescribed D-dopa.
QUESTION 26A molecule with a carboxyl group would
most likely be
a. amphetamineb. formaldehydec. vodkad. cheesee. none of the above
QUESTION 27Proteins are marked and delivered to
various cellular locations based on:
a. the compartmentalization in the rough ER following protein synthesisb. the post-translational modification by the Golgi apparatusc. the regulation signals released by the cytoskeletond. the specificity of protein channelse. a, b, and d all play a significant role in determining this
QUESTION 28Carbohydrates are used for
a. energyb. structural components of cellsc. short-term energy storaged. b and ce. a, b and c
QUESTION 29Molecules that have restricted movement
due to double bonds are most likely
a. ketonesb. enantiomersc. geometric isomersd. structural isomerse. none of the above
QUESTION 30 1. golgi apparatus
2. rough endoplasmic reticulum3. smooth endoplasmic reticulum4. transport vesicle5. plasma membrane6. mitochondria
The proper path a protein would travel on its way out of a cell isa. 3, 6, 2, 4b. 3, 2, 1, 4c. 2, 1, 4, 5d. 4, 6, 5, 1e. 2, 5, 2, 3
QUESTION 31Contractile elements of muscle cells are
a. intermediate filamentsb. centriolesc. microtubulesd. actin filamentse. fibronectins
QUESTION 32 1. golgi apparatus
2. rough endoplasmic reticulum3. smooth endoplasmic reticulum4. transport vesicle5. plasma membrane6. mitochondria
A lipid would be synthesized herea. 3b. 1c. 6d. 2e. 5
QUESTION 33A transport protein that generates voltage
across a membrane is called
a. proton pumpb. cotransportc. electrogenic pumpd. facilitated diffusione. sodium-potassium pump
QUESTION 34Peptide GG1 is found as a supercoiled right-
handed alpha helix. Which of the following is a characteristic of the supercoiled helix?
a. It is an example of primary peptide structureb. It is an example of secondary peptide structurec. It is an example of tertiary peptide structured. It is an example of quaternary peptide structuree. It is an example of a conjugated protein
QUESTION 35Parallel and non-parallel beta-pleated
sheets are stabilized by which of the following interactions?
a. covalent bondsb. peptide bondsc. electrostatic interactionsd. hydrogen bondse. hydrophilic interactions
QUESTION 36If a hypertonic animal cell is placed in
hypotonic solution the cell will
a. shrivelb. plasmolyzec. become flaccidd. lysee. none of the above
QUESTION 37Of the following, which is a function of
membrane proteins1. transport2. signal transduction3. cell-cell recognition4. enzymatic activity5. synthesizing the cytoplasm
a. all fiveb. none of thosec. all but 2d. all but 5e. only 1 and 3
QUESTION 38Which of the following is incorrectly paired
with its function?
a. peroxisome – contains enzymes that break down H2O2b. nucleolus – produces ribosomal RNA, assembles ribosome subunitsc. golgi apparatus – processes, tags, and ships cellular productsd. lysosome – contains pigments in plant cellse. extra cellular matrix – supports and anchors cells, communicates between inside and outside of cell
QUESTION 39Which of the following serves as the site
for collagen polypeptide synthesis?
a. ribosomes in the mitochondriab. ribosomes in the smooth endoplasmic reticulumc. ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulumd. lysosomese. collagen cannot be manufactured inside the cell
QUESTION 40A plant cell placed in a hypotonic
environment will
a. plasmolyzeb. crenatec. become turgidd. become flaccide. lyse
QUESTION 41(Canceled question)
QUESTION 42The bond between two cysteine
monomers is called a
a. polypeptide chainb. disulfide bridgec. beta pleated sheetd. primary structuree. none of the above
QUESTION 43Pinocytosis involves
a. the fusion of a newly formed food vacuole with a lysosomeb. receptor-mediated endocytosis and the
formation of vesiclesc. the pinching in of the plasma membrane
around small droplets of external fluidd. pseudopod extension as vesicles move along the cytoskeleton and fuse with the plasma membranee. the accumulation of specific large molecules in a cell
QUESTION 44A denatured protein can be renatured if
which structure is unharmed
a. primaryb. secondaryc. tertiaryd. quaternarye. conjugatory
QUESTION 45Insulin is a polypeptide synthesized by
the pancreas. Which of the following methods can be used in vitro to degrade insulin?
a. hydrolysisb. dehydrationc. esterificationd. evaporatione. condensation
QUESTION 46A saturated fat has the maximum number
of atoms of this element
a. carbonb. oxygenc. nitrogend. a or be. none of the above
QUESTION 47You observe plant cells under a microscope that have
just been placed in an unknown solution. First the cells plasmolyze; after a few minutes, the plasmolysis reverses and the cells appear normal. What would you conclude about the unknown solute.
a. it is hypertonic to the plant cells, and its solute cannot cross the plant cell membranesb. it is hypotonic to the plant cells, and its solute cannot cross the plant cell membranesc. it is isotonic to the plant cells, but its solute can cross the plant cell membranesd. it is hypertonic to the plant cells, but its solute can cross the plant cell membranese. it is hypotonic to the plant cells, but its solute can cross the plant cell membranes
QUESTION 48Which of the following is not part of the
cell theory
a. all living things consist of cellsb. cells contain genetic information passed on from their daughter cellsc. cells arise from other cellsd. chemical reactions of a living organism take place in cellse. all of these are part of the cell theory
QUESTION 49A protein that carries two things at a time
in the same direction is
a. antiportb. symportc. uniportd. a and ce. none of these
QUESTION 50Which of the following is not a possible
destination for proteins synthesized by ribosomes on the ER?
a. function as enzymes in the cytoplasm
b. leave the cellc. become part of the cell
membraned. become a component of
organelles, such as lysosomese. none of the above
QUESTION 51All of the following are examples of apoptosis
EXCEPT:
a. Fetus finger formation requires the removal of the tissue between them.b. Synaptic cleft formation between neurons in the brain requires surplus cells to be eliminated. c. Uterus endometrial lining forms to prepare for implantation. d. Tadpole tail is reabsorbed during metamorphosis into a frog. e. All of the above are examples.
QUESTION 52Thiols have which functional group?
a. carbonylb. sulfhydrylc. aminod. phosphatee. hydroxyl
QUESTION 53True / False
Nucleic acids are the building blocks of RNA.
QUESTION 54Which of the following is not a component
of prokaryotic cells?
a. ribosomesb. flagellac. cell walld. nucleus e. all of the above
QUESTION 55Monosaccharides are joined by __________,
nucleotides are joined by ________, and amino acids are joined by_________.
a. phosphodiester bond; glycosidic linkage; peptide bondb. peptide bond; glycosidic linkage;
phosphodiester bondc. glycosidic linkage; phosphodiester bond; beta linkaged. glycosidic linkage; phosphodiester bond; peptide bonde. none of the above
QUESTION 56Which of the following would consist of an
amino group, carboxyl group, and alpha carbon?
a. amino acidb. nucleic acidc. sugard. phospholipide. fat
QUESTION 57During what state protein structure do
multiple polypeptides begin interacting?
a. primaryb. secondaryc. tertiaryd. quaternarye. both b and c
QUESTION 58The main constituent of microtubules
is _______, a globular protein made up of two polypeptide chains. The protein occupies _______protein structure.
a. actin; tertiaryb. actin; quaternaryc. tubulin; quaternaryd. tubulin; tertiary e. Both a and c are possibilities.
QUESTION 59What two components of the membrane
function in self vs. nonself recognition?
a. Proteins and cholesterolb. Proteins and carbohydratesc. Carbohydrates and cholesterold. Nucleic acids and cholesterole. Proteins and steroids
QUESTION 60Which of the following organelles function
in detoxification?
a. smooth ERb. rough ERc. peroxisomesd. both a and ce. all of the above
QUESTION 61Which of the following is not unique to
animal cells?
a. flagellab. centriolesc. mitochondriad. lysosomese. none of the above
QUESTION 62Lysosomes function to/in
a. degrade damaged organellesb. break down toxic moleculesc. exocytosisd. both a and be. all of the above
QUESTION 63The convoluted surfaces in the
mitochondria are/is ______.
a. cristaeb. the inner membranec. necessary for cellular respirationd. both a and be. all of the above
QUESTION 64Plasmodesmata in plant cell are similar in
function to
a. desmosomesb. tight junctionsc. gap junctionsd. extracellular matrixe. integrins
QUESTION 65Which of the following is not a function of
membrane proteins?
a. signal transductionb. intercellular joiningc. increasing fluidityd. cell-to-cell recognitione. none of the above
Differentiate between the structure and functional properties of the following:
Hydroxyl groupCarboxyl groupAmino groupPhosphate group
Identify which macromolecule this is an example of:
True/False
The large and small subunit of a ribosome are always assembled, disassembling only when translation/protein synthesis is occurring.
Discuss the difference between thylakoids and granum. Where are they found? What kind of organelle is this? What are other examples of this organelle?