- 1. Microbial Synthesis of SuccinicAcid from Typha Grass
Hydrolysate and Its Application in BiopolymerSynthesis and as
Co-plasticizer By Yakindra P Timilsena (111332) Examination
CommitteeProf. Athapol Noomhorm Prof. Sudip K RakshitDr. Anil Kumar
Anal
2. Main Idea Renewable/Green Chemicals Cheap and Under-utilized
resources Biodegradable polymer with better properties 3.
Introduction Succinic Acid is a C4 dicarboxylic acid with molecular
formula C4H6O4, molecular weight 118.09 and melting point 185
1900C. It is predicted to be one of the most widely used platform
chemicals which can be produced from renewable feedstocks
(Bechthold et al. 2008). Broad range of industrial applications -as
a source of food, pharmaceuticals, surfactants, detergents,
antifoam agents, in the production ofresins, polymers, paints,
cosmetics and inks (Isar et al. 2006). Biobased succinic acid can
be a suitable alternative to its petrochemical equivalent. 4.
Introduction Glycerol is a by-product of biodieselindustries and
can be used as a goodplasticizer Succinic acid can be used as an
efficient co-plasticizer in starch based polymer synthesis Blending
process is one of the importantmethods of modifying the
polymercharacteristics PBS is a biodegradable polyester-
synthesizedfrom SA platform 5. Problem statements Most of the
research work on Green Technologyare patented and details of the
invention is notdisclosed Currently succinic acid and synthetic
polymersin food packaging - produced from petroleumbased chemicals
- two limitations: nonrenewability and non biodegradability Typha
grass-abundantly available all over theworld- not investigated as
renewable raw materialfor high value platform chemical 6. Problem
statements PBS synthesized from SA- lacks flexibility.Blending with
starch help improve thecharacteristics of polymer. Glycerol
plasticized starch polymer (GTPS)recrystallize on storage- requires
a co-plasticizer. Amine co-plasticizer-toxic. Biosuccinic acid
-food grade- can serve as an alternative co-plasticizer. 7. Main
objective To synthesize bio-succinic acid fromTypha grass
hydrolysate usingmicrobialfermentation anditsapplication for the
synthesis of PBS-starch and SGTPS copolymers 8. Specific
objectives1. To determine the yield of bio- succinic acid produced
from Typha grass hydrolysate using A. succinogenes2. To optimize
the ratio succinic acid as co- plasticizer with glycerol
tosynthesize SGTPS3. To optimize the ratio of cassava starch and
PBS to synthesize copolymerized PBS. 9. Literature reviewProduction
of Succinic Acid by Bacterial fermentationRaw Materials
Micro-organismsResult/FindingsReferenceswood hydrolysateM. yield of
56% Kim et al. 2004succiniciproducens Batch Fermentationstraw
hydrolysate A. Succinogenes80.7% Zheng et al. 2009 yield after 48
hrs of fermentationcane molasses A. succinogenesyield of 79.5%
after Liu et al. 2008 48 hrs of batch fermentation 10. Literature
review Polymer and copolymer synthesis and characterizationRaw
Materials Polymerization Result/FindingsReferencesmethod/polymerCA,
glycerol, CGTPS by melt Esterification and better cross- Shi et al.
2007starchblending linking Decrease in MW/light Decreased Tg Change
in crystal structure (reduced retrogradation)Starch, glycerol,
TPS/PCL Blends Decreased Tensile Strength Averous et al. 2000PCL
Decreased Elongation at BreakStarch, glycerol, TPS/PCL Blends
Decreased Tc Huang et al. 1993PCL Decreased Mp increased %
crystallinity Increased Relative crystallinity 11. Materials and
MethodsMaterials and chemicalsTypha grass hydrolysate, Microbial
strain pureculture (A. succinogenes), sodium/calciumhydroxide,
biobased SA, PBS, Cassava starch,GlycerolMicro-organisms
Actinobacillus succinogenes Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens
or Mannheimia succiniciproducens 12. Equipments Bioreactor, carbon
dioxide cylinder, HPLC with sugar column High speed mixer, twin
screw co-rotating extruder, Melt Blender, FTIR, NMR, GPC, DSC, SEM
13. Experiment for Objective 1METHODOLOGYBiomass
(Typhagrass)Drying, PowderingPre-treatment (Alkali)Preparation of
HydrolysateHydrolysis(Enzyme/Acid) The method developed byHydr Mr.
Idi Audu Guga, an AIT Fermentable Sugars olysa doctoral student,
will be(Glucose, Xylose)tefollowed till hydrolysis 14. METHODOLOGY
contdFermentation and Product Experiment for Objective 1
RecoveryPreparation for Fermentation 370C, pH
6.5,FermentationBuffer MgCO3,( by A. succinogenes)12h, CO2Product
RecoveryPrecipitation with NaOH Succinic Acid/Sod. Succinate 15.
METHODOLOGY contdCo-polymerization and CharacterizationGlycerol
+CassavaStarch + SA PBSWaterStarchHigh speed blendingExperiment for
Objective 3 Extrusion Co-Experiment for Objective 2polymerization
Melt BlendingSGTPSPBS-starch copolymer Characterization Physical
MechanicalBiodegradability 16. COMPOSITION of SGTPSCo-polymer
AbbreviSample Weight ProportionsNameation Hydrous Glycerol SA
starch (20% mc wb)GTPS SA0 100 30 0SGTPS1 SA110030 1SGTPS2 SA210030
2SGTPS5 SA510030 5SGTPS10SA10 10030 10 17. COMPOSITION of
PBS-starchCo-polymer Name Sample Weight ProportionsHydrous starch
(20% PBS mc wb)PBS100 0PBSS1 80 20PBSS2 70 30PBSS3 60 40PBSS4 50 50
18. CHARACTERISTICS TO BE MEASURED Tensile Strength % Elongation at
Break IR spectra by FTIR DSC Thermograms Thermogravimetric Analysis
Inherent Viscosity (using available viscometer) Degree of
Substitution and Esterification(According to Santayanon
andWootthirahokkam, 2003) Biodegradability (using lipase enzyme)
19. Work PlanS.Activities Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar
AprN.1Literature reviewX2 Procurements of Xpure culture,chemicals
andequipments3 Fermentation, X X XPdt Recovery4 Blending, Co- X X
Xpolymerization,characterization5 ResultX Xinterpretationand data
analysis6 Final reporting X X 20. Budget EstimationS.N. Operational
ActivitiesAmount(Baht)1Chemicals, Pure culture and Enzymes
50002Equipments: 30000 (HPLC Column, Melt
Blender)3Travel20004Miscellaneous 5000 Total 42000 21. References
Bechthold I, Bretz K, Kabasci S, Kopitzky R, Springer A
(2008).Succinic acid: a new platform chemical for biobased
polymersfrom renewable resources. Chem Eng Technol 31:647-654.
Takiyama, E.; Fujimaki, T. (1994). Bionolle biodegradable
plasticthrough chemical synthesis. In Biodegradable Plastics
andPolymers; Doi, Y., Fukuda, K., Eds.; Elsevier Science:
Amsterdam,The Netherlands, pp. 150-174. Mochizuki, M.; Mukai, K.;
Yamada, K.; Ichise, N.; Murase, S.;Iwaya, Y. (1997).
Macromolecules, 30, 7403. Azim, H.; Dekhterman, A; Jiang, Z. and
Gross, R.A. (2006).Biomacromolecules, 7, 3093-3097 Shi, R.; Zhang,
Z.; Liu, Q.; Han, Y.; Zhang, L.; Chen, D.; Tian,W. (2007).
Characterization of citric acid/glycerol
co-plasticizedthermoplastic starch prepared by melt blending.
CarbohydratePolymers 69, 748755 22. Thank you
