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Agricultural Research and Extension Authority (AREA)
Strip Rust Current Situation at the Different Agro-Ecological Zones in Yemen
Abdulla SailanRashad Basha
Mohamed Amran
Agricultural Research &Extension Authority
(AREA)
Agro – Ecological Regions of Yemen
Renewable Natural ResourcesResearch Center
(RNRRC)
Average Temperature in Yemen
Legendcc
Climate
12345678910110.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
Air Temperature in Dhamar city during 2013
Tmax (°C) Tmin (°C) Tmean (°C)
°C
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep Oct
Nov
Dec
05
1015202530
Dhamar: Air temperatureaverage 1999-2012
Tmax (°C) Tmin (°C) Tmean (°C)
oC
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep Oct
Nov
Dec
0
50
100
150
200
250
Highlands: Monthly rainfall & evapotranspirationaverage 1999 - 2012
Rainfall ETO 0.5 ETO
mm
/ m
onth
12345678910110.020.040.060.080.0100.0120.0140.0160.0180.0200.0
The precipitation & evapotranspiration in The Highlands during 2013
precipitation (mm/mth) ET0 (mm/month) 0.5 ET0 (mm/month)
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep Oct
Nov
Dec
0102030405060708090
100
Highlands: Relative humidityaverage 1999-2012
Relative humidity
%
12345678910110.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
RH (%) in the Highlands
RH (%)
Area in Hectare and Production in Ton of Wheat in Yemen, 2011
YieldT/ha
Production/ T
Area/Ha
Region
1.5 147,441 97,770 Highlands
2.5 102479 40218 Plateau
1.1 344 320 Coastal
1.7 250,264 138,308 Total
Why do we think that Yemen is important to rust diseases?
Source: Dr. A. Yahyaoui Presentation
Sudan
Yemen
Iran
1998/9
2001
2003
2006
2007
Confirmed sites ofUg99 occurrence
Sr31 virulent (Ug99)Yemen, 2009
2009Sr?
Source: Dr. A. Yahyaoui Presentation
Annual wheat growing periods in Yemen
Ja. Fe. Ma. Ap. Ma. Ju. Jl. Au. Se. Oc. No. De. Ja.
Central and Northern Highlands
Southern Uplands Central and Northern Highlands
Plateau and Coastal
Severity of rust on wheat at different locations in different seasons
Season
LocationSummer Winter
Leaf Rust
Stem Rust
Yellow Rust
Leaf Rust
Stem Rust
Yellow Rust
* *** ** * ** *** Highlands
* *** ** Plateau
* *** ** Coastal
International Wheat Rust Trap Nurseries
Estimated number of Rust Trap Nurseries received from ICARDA during 2008-2013
Number Name64 ISRTN40 Ug99ISRTN56 IYRTN160 Total
Most Important Results of the Trap Nurseries
In summer season of 2006 Yr1in shiness166 was susceptible with a score of 50S for the first time while in winter showed score of 0. Till the year of 2010 Yr1 was infected with strip rust and continue to be susceptible up to winter 2014 with a scoring varied between 5S to 50S in the Central Highlands region.
Yr32 in CarstensV gene showed yellow rust infection in the winter season 2014 in the Central Highlands. This is for the first time to be observed.
In 2007 yellow rust infection was observed on the following genes; Yr27 in summer season, yr31 in summer season, YrAPR in summer season, YrND in winter season, Yrsp splading prolific in winter season and Yr31 in winter season in the Central Highlands.
In 2007, in Southern Uplands, Yr1 In Avocet, Yr10 in Avocet and Yrsp in Avocet stil with Yr10 and Yrsp showed yellow rust infection. Also, in Southern Uplands, Yr17 was infected with Yellow rust in 2010.
Trap Nurseries Results in Central Highlands
Resistant:• Yr1 in Avoset, Yr2+, Yr4, Yr5, Yr10, Yr15 and YrDW Susceptible:• Yr2, Yr6, Yr, Yr8, Yr9, YrND, Yr32, Yrsp, YrA, Yr1 in Chiness166,
Yr18, Yr18+, Yr(A,18), Yr21, Yr25, Yr27, Yr27+, Yr(27+18), Yr28, Yr29, Yr31, YrAPR
Trap Nurseries Results in Northern HighlandsResistant:• Yr1, Yr10, Yr4+, Yr7+, Yr6+,Yr15,YrCV, YrSP, Yr2+, Yr5, Yr31, Yr28,
Yr17, YrDW,3 and Yr3N• Susceptible:• Yr7,Yr6, YrAPR, Yr18, Yr2, Yr27, Yr8,YrA, YrSP, Yr3V, YrSP,
Yr(9,27,18), Yr(27,18) and Yr9
Trap Nurseries Southern Uplands
Resistant• Yr1, Yr2+, Yr4, Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, YrDW, YrND, Yr7+, Yr8, Yr32,
Yr3N, Yr3a,4a+other, Yr2more? Susceptible:• Yr1, Yr2, Yr3, Yr6, Yr Yr7, Yr9, Yr10, Yr17, YrCV, YrA, Yr18, Yr18+,
Yr(A,18), YrAPR, Yr21, Yr27, Yr(27,18), Yr28, Yr29, Yr31, Yr(31,APR)
Surveillance
Dissemination of commercial wheat varieties and average rust scoring carried out on 2010-2011
Disseminations % Reaction to Yellow Rust Wheat cultivars Regions
17.6 L (MS) Bohouth 13 Central Highlands17.6 L (MR) Bohouth 15- - Bohouth 1458.8 M (S) Saba5.9 No yellow rust Locals 6.7 L (MS) Bony Northern Highlands
Bohouth 1326.7 M (MS) Saba
Shibam 8 66.6 M (MR-MS) Locals100 L (MS) Bohouth 13 Southern Highlands33.4 L (MR) Kalyansona Seiyun 29.6 M (S) Local – Halba25.9 No yellow rust Ghonimy7.4 No yellow rust Hadramout-33.7 M (S) AL-Ghashmor (Local)
10 L (MS) SAMRA Marib 30 No yellow rust Bohoth3210 No yellow rust Bohoth3310 No yellow rust Bohoth3420 No yellow rust MASRY10 No yellow rust BONI10 No yellow rust MesaniNo Yellow rust at this site Tihama
Dissemination of commercial wheat varieties with average rust scoring carried out on 2011-2012
Disseminations %
Reaction to Yellow Rust
Wheat cultivars Regions
12.5 L (S) Bohouth 3 Central Highlands18.75 L (MS) Bohouth 13
6.25 L (MS) Bohouth 14- - Bohouth 1550 M (S) Saba6.25 H (S) Sonalika6.25 L (MR) Locals (Arabi)12.5 L (R) Bohouth 13 Northern
Highlands25 H (S) Bohouth 112.5 L (S) Bohouth 1525 M(S) Saba12.5 L (S) Shibam -812.5 L (R) Locals 100 M (MS) Bohouth 13 Southern
Highlands
Dissemination of commercial wheat varieties with average rust scoring carried out on 2012-2013
Disseminations % Reaction to Yellow Rust
Wheat cultivars Regions
9.52 M (MS) Bohouth 3 Central Highlands33.3 M (MR) Bohouth 134.76 L (S) Bohouth 144.76 L (MS) Bohouth 1533.3 M (S) Saba9.6 M (S) Sonalika4.76 M (MS) Locals (Allas)41.7 M (MS) Al mani Northern Highlands8.3 M (MS-MR) Gemiza25 M (MS) Saba8.3 L (MS) Baladi16.7 L (MS) Locals50 +50 H (S) + L (MS) Saba + Bohouth 13 Southern Highlands
22.5 R Kalyansona Seiyun 57.5 L (MS) Local – Halba7.5 R Ghonimy12.5 R Hadramout-3
Acknowledgments:Collaborative institutions with Yemen Wheat-Rust National Program
ICARDA: International Wheat Rust Trap Nurseries, All Types of trials seeds, Technical Support and Training
SIMMYT:Technical Support, Evaluation of breeding wheat lines and Training
FAO:Surveillance and race analysis instruments, and supporting establishing of Farmer Study Groups project for 2 years
BGRI:Supporting wheat national program through one or more of the above institutions