Upload
melinda-macdonald
View
1.373
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Citation preview
BONES, BONES, BONESChapter 1 Section 1
Bones are living tissues, made of
cells.They take in nutrients and use energy.
They are ALIVE!
Made up of all the bones in your body.
Skeletal System
Functions Of Skeletal SystemGive body shape and support
Protect your internal organs
They serves as an attachment point for muscles, helping them to move.
Blood cells are made in the centre of bones
Calcium and phosphorous compounds are stored in bones for later use. They also make bones hard.
Bone Structure
•Bones are not smooth.
•They have bumps, edges, round ends, rough spots, and many pits and holes.
Bones Structure
Why the bumps and holes?
•Muscles and ligaments attach to the bumps and pits.
•Blood vessels and nerves enter and leave through the holes.
PeriosteumSurface of bone is covered with a tough, tight-fitting membrane
Periosteum
Small blood vessels in periosteum carry nutrients into the bone
Cells for growth and repair of bone are found here also
Under the periosteum are two types of bone - compact bone and spongy bone
Compact BoneDirectly under the periosteum.
Compact bone is hard and strong.
Gives bones strength.
Contains calcium and phosphate.
Contains bone cells and blood vessels
It is living. It is keeps bones from being too rigid, brittle or easily broken
Spongy BonesLocated at the ends of your long bones, like our
thigh and upper arm bone.
Have many small openings to keep the bone lightweight
The centers of long bones have a large opening called a cavity.
These cavities are filled with marrow.
Marrow is also in openings of the spongy bone
Spongy Bone
MARROWYellow marrow contains fat cells
Red marrow produces red blood cells
How long does it take to produce 2-3 million red blood cells?
1 Second
CartilageThe ends of bones are covered with a smooth,
slippery, thick layer of tissue called cartilage
Cartilage does not contain blood vessels or minerals
Flexible
Absorbs shocks in joints
Makes movement easier, reduces friction
Can be damaged
No Bones Here
Bone FormationBeginning skeleton was made of cartilage.
It gradually broke down and was replaced by bone.
Osteoblasts (bone forming cells) deposited minerals calcium and phosphorus in the bones, making the bone tissue hard.
At birth you had 300 bones. You now have 206 bones.
How did you lose 94 bones??
Some fused, or grew together.
No Bones Here
Osteoblasts build up bone.
Osteoclasts….
…break down bone tissue.
This is normal and healthy.
Osteoclasts release calcium and phosphorus into the blood stream, which are needed to keep your body working properly, including moving your muscles.
JointsAny place where two or more bones come
together
The bones are separated by cartilage and are held together by ligaments
Immovable Joints
Examples: Skull, Pelvis
Pivot Joints
Examples: arm, head
Ball and Socket
Examples: Hip, Shoulder
Hinge Joint
Exampleselbows,
knees, fingers
Gliding Joint
Exampleswrists, ankles
vertebrae
Joint Problems?