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RESERVOIRS IN DEVELOPMENT OF UNCONVENTIONAL PAKISTAN
By
Nighat SeemaKarachi
July 15, 2013Gulshan-e-Hadeed
PROVOKING THOUHHTS
With the nuclear industry in crisis and oil prices on the rise, could the solution to our energy problems be in the ground at home? Daniel yergin on the promise of shale gas.
He ," states that the turmoil in the middle east is a "sea change" for the global oil market and that the U.S.A and emerging markets are most economically vulnerable to rising oil prices.
Outline of Presentation
Objectives Energy out Look Existing Indigenous Resource International Scenario Conventional & Unconventional Reservoirs Potential of Unconventional Resource Development Model Economic Consideration Summary
HOW TO MEET ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF THE COUNTRY
UNCONVENTIONAL ENERGY RESOURCE AVAILABILITY
DEVELOPMENT PHIL0SPHY
OBJECTIVES
Pakistan Energy Out Look
Pakistan Gas Out Look
Energy Resources Available To Us
Indigenous Resources of Oil & Gas
Hydroelectric
Nuclear
Solar & Wind Energy
Primary EnergySupplies By Source
Pakistan Indigenous Natural Reserves
Sectoral EnergyConsumption By Source
INTERNATIONAL SCENARIOFOR UNCONVENTIONAL
RESERVOIR
World Un-Conventional Gas Resource
WORLDUN-CONVENTIONAL GAS
40-50 TCF Pakistan
European Unconventional Reservoir
India Shale Gas & CBM Projects
Started work on CBM 1993
Group of experts was formulated to collect and analyze data.
32 BLOCKS Have been given to different companies
Now India started Production from CBM
Next Few Years, Production will be 38 CM^3/day
ONGC had Recent Discovery of Shale Gas in West Bengal
Shale Gas Contribution in USA,18 % of the Total Production
Advance Resources International USA Gas Projected values from different Sources, 2009
INDIGNEOUS HYDROCARBON RESOURCES
Indigenous Oil & Gas Reservoirs
Conventional Reservoirs
Sandstone and carbonate Reservoirs.
With good reservoir properties have good capability of storage and Productivity
Reasonable Efforts for Exploration
Explored area is about 275,000 Sq km
550,000 Sq km is unexplored Current Production Oil: 60000-66000 bbl Gas: 4.15 BCF
Unconventional Reservoirs
Poor reservoir properties have capability of storage but poor Productivity
Tight Gas Reservoir
Shale Gas Reservoir
Coal Bed Methane
NOT DEVELOPED YET
Unconventional Reservoir Descriptions
Tight Gas Reservoir
Mostly Sandstone Reservoir
Good storage Capability but poor Producibility.
Distributed over Large Area of Pakistan
Advance Technology Need to Produce
Shale Gas reservoir
Exist in Shale
Source and Reservoir
Good storage Capability but poor Producibility
Distributed over Large Area of Pakistan
Advance Technology need to Produce
Unconventional Reservoirs
COAL BED METHAN (CBM)
Gas is generated during Coalification Process
Gas Adsorbed on the Coal
Very poor conductivity
Distributed over Sindh & Punjab Province
Word 10 % Coal Deposits are in Sindh
Total Deposits are 185 billion tone.
Not developed Yet
No Conclusive Work
Known Tight Gas Reservoirs
Shale Sequence in Pakistan
Ghazij Shale Thickness (meters) Vastly Distributed- 100 -1200
Thalar Shale Vastly Distributed – 45 – 184
Samber Shale Vastly Distributed – 500- 600
Chichali Sahle Vastly Distributed – 35 – 130
Ghazij Shale Distribution
675
Dhodak
Pirkoh
LotiZin
Uch
J hal_Magsi
Sara_West
Badar
Qadirpur
340000 360000 380000 400000 420000 440000 460000 480000 500000 520000 540000 560000 580000 600000 620000 640000 660000
3040000
3060000
3080000
3100000
3120000
3140000
3160000
3180000
3200000
3220000
3240000
3260000
3280000
3300000
3320000
3340000
3360000
3380000
3400000
3420000
3440000
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000m
1:420000
0751502253003754505256006757508259009751050112512001275
Thickness
Pakistan
Ghazij Shale
Scale
Contour inc1:420000
75
GHAZIJ SHALE ISOCHORE MAP
Talhar Shale
Ghazij Area
Chichali Area
Talhar Area
Coal Fields in Pakistan
Gas Potential in these Reservoirs
Source: Weatherford 2010
Unconventional Gas Resource
Tight Gas 40-50 TCF
Ghazig Shale Gas 20-30 TCF
Talhar Shale Gas 100 TCF
Coal Bed Methane 21 TCF (Recoverable- Cathy Oil Canada)
Samber Shale (Moin PPL) 60-80 TCF
TOTAL 241-281
Development Challenges
Evaluation Uncertainties
High Investment
Longer Production Time
Longer Payout Time
High Density of wells
Skilled Manpower
Environmental Issue
Political Stability
Will to Accept Challenges
Resolvable Success
Availability of Technology In World
Vertical & Horizontal well
Multilateral Wells
Hydraulic Fracturing
Stimulation Techniques
Multilateral Wells
DEVELOPMENT PHILOSPHY
Development Model-Integrated Approach
Exploration & Production Companies
Should Invest to Explore Tight and Shale gas
Exploration area for Tight and Shale Gas should be awarded to the companies
Price Incentives have been given
Freedom of Marketing of Gas to the Consumer
Manufacturing & Power Industries
Should have direct access to Energy Producer
Should have option of buying gas from Producer & paying Tariff to the distribution company for using the network if required
Reference Price should be according to the concession area
Distribution Companies should effectively assist for supply of gas to Industries
Consortium of Industry units to share the cost of energy.
Cost Effective Buisness Model
Exploration Companies- Consortium Work Program for next 3-4 years
• Drilling of Vertical, horizontal & Multilateral• Hydraulic Fracturing/Stimulation jobs
Service Providers-Consortium• Bring Relevant Technology• Efficient Execution of jobs• Cost effective Solution
Human Resource Development---Serious Consideration
Continue----
Need consortium of industry units for sharing of their cost of energy
No Misuse of Freedom
No Monopolization of any company weather it is service or distribution companies.
ECONOMIC EVALUATION
Production Challenge
Reference: Weatherford 2010
Probable Production Behavior
Brown Field with 8 year development
0
20
40
60
80
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Years of production
Gas M
MS
CF
D
Economic Model for Tight & Shale Gas(Brown Field )
GIIP: 1 TCF Recoverable Reserves: 240 BCF Number of wells: 25 Failure: 10% Gas Flow Rate: 5MMSCFD Development Time: 2 year Well Capex $: 478 Million Facilities: 50 Million Opex: 147 Million Field Life: 25 year GAS Price: $ 4.90/MMBTU IROR: 15 % Pay back: 8.5 year Royalty &Tex Included
Economic Model for Tight & Shale Gas(Green Field )
GIIP: 1 TCF Recoverable Reserves: 240 BCF Number of wells: 25 Failure: 10 % Gas Flow Rate: 5MMSCFD Development Time: 5 year Well Capex $: 478 Million Facilities: 124 Million Opex: 147 Million Field Life: 25 year GAS Price: $ 6.21/MMBTU IROR: 15 % Pay back: 6.5 years
SUMMARY
Enough unconventional Reservoir exist in the country
Unconventional Reservoirs are required to be evaluated by collection of more data by initiating Pilot Projects in Shale Gas as earliest as possible.
Exploration blocks may be awarded for unconventional reservoirs.
Economically, Projects in Shale & Tight Gas looks viable.
Human Resource Development to cater the demand of oil companies operating in Pkistan
Introduction of consortium concept of E & P companies for the planning of their work
Consortium of Service companies for cost effective solution of development of these Reservoirs.
Integrated Approach of all the stack holder is required to develop these unconventional Reservoirs
Continue----
THANKS