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MATERIAL HANDLING
Material Handling• Material handling is the function of
moving the right material to the right place in the right time, in the right amount, in sequence, and in the right condition to minimize production cost.– The cost of MH estimates 20-25 of total
manufacturing labor cost in the United States [The Material Handling Industry of America (MHIA)]
Material Handling
• According to American society of material engineers “Material handling is an art & science involving the moving, packing & storing of substances in any form.”
• It involves movement of material mechanically & manually in batches or one by one within the plant.
The most successful brands in the world uses material handling and logistic solutions to gain competitive edge
ToyotaWal-MartDisneyCoca ColaNASAJohn DeereMitsubishiPepsi-Cola
Goals of Material Handling• The primary goal is to reduce unit
costs of production• Maintain or improve product quality, reduce
damage of materials• Promote safety and improve working conditions• Promote productivity
– material should flow in a straight line– use gravity! It is free power– move more material at one time– mechanize material handling– automate material handling
Overview of Material Handling Equipment
• Material handling equipment includes:– Transport Equipment: industrial trucks,
Automated Guided vehicles (AGVs), monorails, conveyors, cranes and hoists.
– Storage Systems: bulk storage, rack systems, shelving and bins, drawer storage, automated storage systems.
– Unitizing Equipment: palletizers – Identification and Tracking systems
I. Cranes and hoists:-
• Over head bridge cranes
o Jib Cranes
• Gantry crane
• Electrical hoists
Automated Guided Vehicles
• Elevators
• Stacker Crane
• Winches
• Monorail
II. Conveyors:-o Belt Conveyors
• Roller conveyors
• Bucket conveyors
• Screw conveyors
• Vibratory conveyors
IV. Trucks
• Tractors
• Trailers
• Rails
V. Ropeways and cableways
VI. Pipelines
VI.Auxiliary equipmentso Weighing equipments
• Containers
• Pallet loader and unloader
• Ramps
• Dock boards
• Dock levellers
20 Principles of Material Handling
1.The Planning Principle– Large-scale material handling projects
usually require a team approach.– Material handling planning considers
every move, every storage need, and any delay in order to minimize production costs.
– The plan should reflect the strategic objectives of the organization as well as the more immediate needs.
2.The systems principle: MH and storage activities should be fully integrated to form a coordinated, operational system that spans receiving, inspection, storage, production, assembly, …, shipping, and the handling of returns.
– Information flow and physical material flow should be integrated and treated as concurrent activities.
– Methods should be provided for easily identifying materials and products, for determining their location and status within facilities and within the supply chain.
3. Simplification principle– simplify handling by reducing, eliminating,
or combining unnecessary movement and/or equipment.
– Four questions to ask to simplify any job:• Can this job be eliminated?• If we can’t eliminate, can we combine movements
to reduce cost? (unit load concept)• If we can’t eliminate or combine, can we
rearrange the operations to reduce the travel distance?
• If we can’t do any of the above, can we simplify?
4. Gravity principle– Utilize gravity to move material
whenever practical.
5. Space utilization principle– The better we use our building cube,
the less space we need to buy or rent.– Racks, mezzanines, and overhead
conveyors are a few examples that promote this goal.
6. Unit load principle– Unit loads should be appropriately
sized and configured at each stage of the supply chain.
– The most common unit load is the pallet• cardboard pallets• plastic pallets• wooden pallets• steel skids
8. Automation principle– MH operations should be mechanized
and/or automated where feasible to improve operational efficiency, increase responsiveness, improve consistency and predictability, decrease operating costs.
– ASRS is a perfect example.
10. Equipment selection principle– Why? What? Where? When? How? Who?– If we answer these questions about each
move, the solution will become evident.
11. The standardization principle– standardize handling methods as well as
types and sizes of handling equipment– too many sizes and brands of equipment
results in higher operational cost.– A fewer sizes of carton will simplify the
storage.
12. The dead weight principle– Try to reduce the ratio of equipment weight to product
weight. Don’t buy equipment that is bigger than necessary.
– Reduce tare weight and save money.
13. The maintenance principle– Plan for preventive maintenance and scheduled repairs of
all handling equipment.– Pallets and storage facilities need repair too.
14. The capacity principle– use handling equipment to help achieve desired
production capacity– i.e. material handling equipment can help to maximize
production equipment utilization.