1. LID and Policy:Sustainable Development PracticesWhat is Stopping Us?Jon Barsanti Jr Masters in City and Regional Planning BA Interdisciplinary Study in Biology and Chemistryjbarsanti@alumni.unc.edu 919.943.1915.

2. Developers Policy MakersWho DesignersDecision Makers (Municipal/County) 3. Competitive Advantage (Others are not Doing it) It is good for theeconomy, Others aregood for the community, and good for theWhyDoing It; Cando It BetterenvironmentOthers are doing it and ifI/We dont adopt/adapt I/Wewill lose out to othercommunities/developers 4. Dont want to learn new wayof doing business Want to do it; Have designer todo it; Have planners on WhyWant to do it; Dont have aboard;designer toMeeting resistance from elected Not show howofficialsWant to do it;Have a designer who knows how to do it; Having a difficult time getting approved 5. All Development Occurs in aWatershedNeed to change thinking from Water as Waste toLIDAll Land Uses Have a WaterProfile Water as Resource Water Quality and WaterQuantity will improve 6. All Development Occursin a WatershedThree Parts of a WatershedWatershed Critical Areas Watershed Protected AreasRemainder of the WatershedBarriers: Highest and Best Use of the Land; One persons/communitys out-flow is anothersintake 7. All Development Occursin a Watershed Wetlands are natures filtrationsystem Wetlands manage volume andsediment load Wetlands are key to wildlife habitat preservationBarrier: Wetland is undevelopable; Can fill and replace, although manufactured is not as good as natural 8. All Development Occurs in a Watershed Stream Buffers protect encroachment on ecosystem by development Stream Buffers Protect development fromencroachment by ecosystem (e.g. floods.) Barriers: Inconsistent setbacks between communities; Vertical versus Horizontal Setbacks 9. All Development Occurs in aWatershedNeed to change thinking from Water as Waste toLIDAll Land Uses Have a WaterProfile Water as Resource Water Quality and WaterQuantity will improve 10. All Land Uses have a Water Profile Volume of water flowNutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus,Suspended Solids) Temperature of water flowing off the landToxins (Oil, antifreeze, other chemicals) Bacteria (Pet Waste, etc.) From Kimberly Brewers Presentation to the TJCOG Smart Growth Committee ftp://ftp.tjcog.org/pub/tjcog/regplan/smrtgrow/devwq.pdf 11. All Land Uses have aWater ProfileSources Land-Use Contribution Contribution to N Loadto P LoadResidential (SF) 14%29%12%Residential (MF)1% Agriculture20%36%51%Forest 56%19%15%Commercial/ 3%9%6%IndustrialOther 6%7% 16%Data from A Nutrient Credit Trading Framework for the Jordan Lake Watershed: Using Market-Based Mechanisms to Make Watershed Restoration More Cost-Effectivehttp://www.cfra-nc.org/documents/FinalReport-FullReport_000.pdf 12. All BMPs have a Volume/Pollutant Profile Volume of water flow Suspended SolidsNitrogenPhosphorusSTORMWATER FLOW AND QUALITY, AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NON-PROPRIETARY STORMWATER TREATMENT MEASURES A REVIEW AND GAP ANALYSIS (2004) Monash University (Australia) http://www.catchment.crc.org.au/pdfs/technical200408.pdf 13. All Land Uses have aWater Profile Barriers: It takes time and money to measure predevelopment conditions andpost-development conditions STORMWATER FLOW AND QUALITY, AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NON-PROPRIETARY STORMWATER TREATMENT MEASURES A REVIEW AND GAP ANALYSIS (2004) Monash University (Australia) http://www.catchment.crc.org.au/pdfs/technical200408.pdf 14. All Development Occurs in aWatershedNeed to change thinking from Water as Waste toLIDAll Land Uses Have a WaterProfile Water as Resource Water Quality and WaterQuantity will improve 15. LID Can Improve Water Quality & Water Quantity How we develop Where we develop (and where we do not) What we do with the Run-off(Pipe or Percolate) 16. LID Can Improve Water Quality & Water Quantity http://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/water_resource.htm http://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/water_density.htm 17. LID Can Improve Water Quality & Water Quantity Impacts on Land Start At the Grading Stage Fertilizers can have an impact on water quality, even in LID Neighborhoods Volume and Peak Flows were kept at predevelopment levels. Need to Control Compaction, Minimize Soil Disturbance, and have on-site supervision. http://www.jordancove.uconn.edu/jordan_cove/publications/final_report.pdf 18. LID Can Improve Water Quality & Water QuantityDevelopment Impacts Water Quality Alters Stormwater and Wastewater Flows Negatively Impacts water-relatedecosystems Impacts water Quality through Creation of Impervious Surfaces Spatial Position of Developmentrelative to natural features Introduction of Contaminants Impacts Wastewater through consumptionof water and the Stormwater it generateshttp://www.nahb.org/fileUpload_details.aspx?contentID=112936 19. LID Can Improve Water Quality & Water QuantityNational Association of Home-Builders hasa large amount of information regardingcosts and benefits of Low ImpactDevelopment Perceived Barrier: It costs more anddoes not provide a benefit to the builderActual Barrier: Educating the entirecommunity to the value versus costs ofLID (Lower Stormwater Costs, more landcan be developed; cost savings to thecommunity, etc.)http://www.nahb.org/fileUpload_details.aspx?contentID=112936 20. LID Can Improve Water Quality & Water Quantity (In) the vast majority of cases, significant savings were realized due to: reduced costs for site grading and preparation, stormwater infrastructure, site paving, and landscaping. Total capital cost savings ranged from 15 to 80 percent when LID methods were used... http://www.epa.gov/owow/nps/lid/costs07/documents/reducingstormwatercosts.pdf 21. LID Can Improve Water Quality & Water Quantityhttp://www.epa.gov/owow/nps/lid/costs07/documents/reducingstormwatercosts.pdf 22. LID Can Improve Water Quality & Water Quantityhttp://www.epa.gov/owow/nps/lid/costs07/documents/reducingstormwatercosts.pdf 23. LID Can Improve WaterQuality & Water Quantity Site Design was 103 Lots on 24 Acres Conventional Site Design required 270,000 Cu Ft ofStormwater Facilities LID Required 55,000 cu ft of stormwater facilities 62% of land was saved as open space Cost Savings of 20% to the Developer 10% More units were able to be built thanconventional design would have allowed. Managing stormwater in Pierce County: Kensington Estates case study sheds light on low impact development http://www.djc.com/news/en/11135654.html 24. LID Can Improve WaterQuality & Water Quantity Type of Residential Disturbed Open Space Conserved Space Development SpaceLow Density Could be entire Yes may be No (e.g. 1 unit/2a)siteyardCluster Could Be entire Fragmented No siteOpen Space50% or less 50% or MoreOpen Space canbe undevelopableConservationLess than 50% More than 50%Undevelopablearea excluded Barrier(s): How each is defined varies by community/county 25. All Development Occurs in aWatershedNeed to change thinking from Water as Waste toLIDAll Land Uses Have a WaterProfile Water as Resource Water Quality and WaterQuantity will improve 26. Need to Change thinking fromstormwater as waste tostormwater as resource.Barrier: Needto change theway we thinkabout water http://waterparadigm.org/indexen.php?web=./home/homeen.html http://www.onthecommons.org/media/pdf/original/OurWaterC omonsOctober2008English.pdf 27. Need to Change thinking fromstormwater as waste tostormwater as resource.Barrier: We cannotsolve our problemsat the same level ofthinking thatcreated themWe need a newway of looking atour water qualityand water quantityproblems http://www.clemson.edu/restoration/events/past_events/sc_water_re http://www.coe.neu.edu/environment/DOCUM sources/t4_proceedings_presentations/t4_zip/zimmer.pdfENTS/Wingspread%20Final%20Report.pdf 28. Need to Change thinking fromstormwater as waste tostormwater as resource.An urban area is an ecological systemwherein humans, habitat,transportation and water infrastructure,and terrestrial and aquatic flora andfauna exist in symbiosis andinterdependence. Urban fresh watersare the lifeline for ecological andeconomical sustainability, yet the freshwater resources are being impaired toa point that the integrity of urbanwaters has been damaged by excessivedevelopment and overuse. http://www.coe.neu.edu/environment/DOCUM ENTS/Wingspread%20Final%20Report.pdf 29. Need to Change thinking fromstormwater as waste tostormwater as resource.The concept of the Cities of the Future,the fifth paradigm of urbanization is aparadigm of integration Future, and existing, urbandevelopments will accommodatelandscape, drainage, transportationand habitat infrastructure systems Cities will be resilient to extremehydrological events and pollution There will be adequate amounts ofclean water for sustaining healthyhuman, terrestrial and aquatic lives There will be an optimal balancebetween recreation, navigation andother economic uses of water. http://www.coe.neu.edu/environment/DOCUM ENTS/Wingspread%20Final%20Report.pdf 30. Barriers to ImplementingLID Across the Region All Development Impacts Water Quality (Discharge, Consumption, Compaction of Soil) (Includes 10% Impervious Surface and above as well as 10% Compacted Surfaces and above. Highest Use of the land versus the Best Use of the land Need to Change the way we think (Paradigm Shift) Water is Water Wetlands and streams are undervalued One Communitys Outflow is another CommunitysIntake 31. Barriers to Implementing LID Across the RegionEverybodyknows. itcosts more. http://www.usgbc.org/ShowFile.aspx?DocumentID=2908 32. Barriers to Implementing LID Across the RegionSometimes,its is notabout thecosts (price,)rather it isreally playingup thebenefitshttp://www.usgbc.org/ShowFile.aspx?DocumentID=2908 33. Barriers to ImplementingLID Across the RegionCost premiumsranging from ZERO%to 6.27%Energy Savings from23% to 50%Water Savings fromZero to 78%http://www.usgbc.org/ShowFile.aspx?DocumentID=2908 34. Case Studies: Residential Development Two Case Studies to highlight Asheville and Wilmington Asheville: Worked with Fire Department Wilmington Built before codes allowed LID Wilmington Could not make it work on original site; bought more land and improved water quality from adjoining site., in addition to own site http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/agecon/WECO/lid/documents/NC_LID_Guidebook.pdf 35. Our Floating Future? Research by NC StateUniversity and Bill Hunt Being Tested in City ofDurham Hillendale GolfCourse and Museum of Lifeand Science Originated in Montana(2000) Costs: $30/sq ft "When all the plants have grown up, you don't actually see any of the green plastic. Benefit: natural It's just a lush green environment on top of removal of Phosphorus and the pond, so in theory there's a habitat for Nitrogen using fish, frogs, wildlife as well." Ryan Winston wetland/bog plants News and Observer 4/14/2010 36. Barriers to ImplementingLID Across the Region Need to look at Decentralized solution for a decentralized problem Our ordinances hold us back (e.g. State law now requires communities to allow the use of cisterns and to not prohibit their use; Definitions of Conservation Subdivisions; Transfer of Development Rights) Everybody knows. 37. Post Construction Maintenance Fertilizer Animal Waste Drought Tolerant Plants Native Plants Overwatering 38. Conclusion We have a new resource We can sing from the same songbook. We can customize our solutions to meet the requirements of our communities and our region. We can have a Win-Win-Win for the consumer, the developer, and the community. If we only apply to new construction, existing conditions will only not get worse.