1. SENIOR MANAGEMENTCOURSELEADERSHIP IN PUBLIC SERVICEGabriel Lubale Phone: 0726 934441 E-mail: gabriellubale@yahoo.com Website: www.gabriellubale.comKenya School of Government, Mombasa Campus 13th November 20121 Copyright 2012 by Gabriel Lubale

2. Objectives1. Describe the nature and role of leadership in the public Service.2. Identify the qualities of a good leader.3. Identify the factors influencing public service leadership.4. Apply styles and strategies appropriate in the 21st Century2Public Service.Copyright 2012 by Gabriel Lubale 3. Opening ShotAre leaders born or made?3 Copyright 2012 by Gabriel Lubale 4. Opening Shot .. contd Ans 1. Leaders are neither born nor made. However, most research findings indicate that leaders are made by the environment in which they are brought up. Some research findings also indicate that certain cognitive abilities and personality traits are at least partly innate (inborn). This implies that certain natural abilities may offer certain advantage or disadvantage to a leader. Ans 2. Leaders can trained or can be nurtured.4 Copyright 2012 by Gabriel Lubale 5. Definition leadership (n) 1. The position orfunction of a leader. 2. the periodduring which a person occupies theposition of leader: during herleadership very little was achieved.3. a. the ability to lead. b. (as modifier):leadership qualities.4. the leaders as a group of a party,union, etc.: the union leadership is now5 Copyright 2012 reactionary. Source: The Oxfordvery by Gabriel Lubale Advanced Learners Dictionary 6. Definition by the Leadership Gurus The only definition of a leader is someone who has followers." Peter Drucker Leadership is influence - nothing more, nothing less." John C Maxwell.6 Copyright 2012 by Gabriel Lubale 7. Definition by the Leadership Gurus contd "Leadership is a function of knowing yourself, having a vision that is well communicated, building trust among colleagues, and taking effective action to realize your own leadership potential." Warren Bennis if you know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles. If you know yourself but not the enemy, for every victory gained you will also suffer a defeat. If you know neither the enemy nor yourself, you will succumb in every battle.. Thus Leadership is state of warfare; therefore the Leader must have self-awareness. Sun Tzu7 Copyright 2012 by Gabriel Lubale 8. Definition the facilitators thoughtsLeadership is defined in differentways but the elements commonlyemphasized are to guide, directcontrol and influence.Leadership thus connotes not onlyhaving the power and authority butalso being accountable to the people.Leader rises or falls on the foundationa vision (a dream) and Mission (asense of purpose) entrenched in their8 Copyright 2012 by Gabriel core values.personal Lubale 9. Definition the facilitators thoughts: Power,Authority and Accountability .. contd 9 Copyright 2012 by Gabriel Lubale 10. Sources of PowerLegitimate Power - is based on the beliefthat the individual holding position ofleadership has authority or the right toexercise influence over others because of hisor her role in the organization.Reward Power - is based on the control andmanagement of rewards considered of valueto others. It is based on the ability toadminister resources such as pay, promotion,fridge benefit, praise, recognition andresponsibility.10 Copyright 2012 by Gabriel Lubale 11. Sources of Power .. contdCoercive Power - is based on the ability of the leaderto effect punishment on the others, when they havenot engaged in expected behavior. Coercive methodsinclude reprimand, pay deduction withholdingpromotion or privileges.Reverent Power - is based on the perceivedattractiveness, personal characteristics or attributes,charisma or reputation of the leader. It is the processof identity with another person or a leader because ofdesirable qualities of that person.Expert Power - is based on the perceived technicalor professional expertise of the leader. It is based oncredibility and clear evidence of the expertise orknowledge in a given profession.11 Copyright 2012 by Gabriel Lubale 12. Leadership Styles 1. Behavior Styles. 2. Situational Approach(ContingencyModel). 3. Functional (GroupApproach).12 Copyright 2012 by Gabriel Lubale 13. Leadership Styles .. contd1. Behavior Styles - This approachfocuses on leader action (behavior)rather than attributes or personalitycharacteristics.Three classic styles of leadershipbehavior are:1.Authoritarian or Autocratic .2.Democratic or Participatory.3.Laissez-Faire or Give freedom.13 Copyright 2012 by Gabriel Lubale 14. Leadership Styles .. contd 2. Situational Approach (Contingency Model) The basic premise for this approach is that leaders effectiveness is contingent upon an appropriate match between the leaders styles and the degree to which he or she controls the situation. Two leadership styles have been identified:1. Task oriented Styles. The leaders emphasize the tasks that the group is supposed to perform. Also consider more the job and less the people. 2. Relationship oriented styles. The leaders are interested in building cooperative and harmonious working relationship. That is employee centered. The leader highly considers the employees and14 their welfare Copyright 2012 by Gabriel Lubale 15. Leadership Styles .. contd 3. Functional (Group Approach) This approach focuses on the functions that a leader has to perform in his or her leadership duties. The approach maintains that to be effective a leader has to satisfy three categories of needs in the workgroup. 1. Task need need to achieve common tasks. 2. Team needs- need for team maintenance . 3. Individual needs needs of the individual15 Copyright member. Lubale 2012 by Gabriel 16. Class Discussion Questions 1stLeg16 Copyright 2012 by Gabriel Lubale 17. Question No. 1Having been introduced toleadership and theories ofleadership styles. Appreciatingyour competence (experienceand Knowledge). What do youconsider as some of theappropriate leadership17strategies in the 21st century in Copyright 2012 by Gabriel Lubale 18. Suggested Answers Question No.1 1. Enforcing legality Registration andcompliance. 2. Limiting the terms in the office and age foraspirants. 3. Institutionalizing succession management abolish till I die mentality. 4. Embracing inclusivity of all minority andmarginalized groups, age and gender. Banishthe winner takes it all 5. Observing Meritocracy when appointing orpromoting officers both from within and from18outside. Copyright 2012 by Gabriel Lubale 19. Question No. 2 How do we Overcome the leadership obstacles?19 Copyright 2012 by Gabriel Lubale 20. Suggested Answers Question No.2 1.Champion issues critical 2.Support policies and programmes for the public sector 3.Initiate debate on campaign reforms 4.Promote targeted policies and legislation to empower 5.Network with the private sector ( Corporate and Civil Society 6.Nurture constituency based on records of performance and service 7.Collaborate with elected leaders20 Copyright 2012 by Gabriel Lubale 21. Qualities of Good Leaders according to Jahan Rounaq of Columbia University A. Vision andB. Institutional CommitmentBehavior 1. Equality1. Participatory 2. Equity2. Egalitarian 3. Empowerment 3. Responsive 4. Human rights4. Transparent 5. Peace 5. Accountable 6. Sustainability6. Non-corrupt 7. Shared power, 7. Consensus-orientedresponsibility, well- 8. Empoweringbeing21 Copyright 2012 by Gabriel Lubale 22. Qualities of Good Leaders according to Management Science for Health (MSH) 1. Integrity 2. Respect for others 3. Health Risk taking 4. Committed to long-timeLearning.22 Copyright 2012 by Gabriel Lubale 23. Qualities of Good Leaders according to Department of Personnel Management (DPM) 1.Integrity 2.Respect for National Diversity and Gender Diversity 3.Meritocracy (the Best) 4.Fairness (Natural Law of Justice) 5.Confidentiality (Secrecy)23 Copyright 2012 by Gabriel Lubale 24. Class Discussion Questions 2ndLeg24 Copyright 2012 by Gabriel Lubale 25. Questions No. 3 Identify some of the factors influencing leadership in the Civil Service in Kenya?25 Copyright 2012 by Gabriel Lubale 26. Suggested Answers Questions No. 3 1. Family / Clan legacy. 2. Proximity to urban centers. 3. Proximity to Religious Cradles stations Church, Mosques and other shrines. 4. Education. 5. Wealth or Poverty.26 Copyright 2012 by Gabriel Lubale 27. Questions and Comments27 Gabriel Lubale 2012