INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER ORGANIZATION

ITTO and Forest Landscape Restoration

Workshop on Forest Landscape Restoration

Bali Prana Dewi, 12-15 May 2009

Content• ITTO in General

• ITTO’s interest in FLR

• Relevant ITTO Guidelines:

– ITTO Guidelines for the restoration, management and rehabilitation of degraded and secondary tropical forests

– ITTO/IUCN Guidelines for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in tropical production forests

• created by the ITTA, 1983

• currently operates under the ITTA, 1994

• ITTA 2006 soon to come into force

• has a secretariat of 40 people based in Yokohama, Japan

The International Tropical Timber Organization

ITTO Objectives

-To promote the sustainable management of tropical timber-producing forests

-To promote the expansion and diversification of international trade in tropical timber from sustainablymanaged and legally harvested forests

Membership

ITTO:• brings together tropical timber producers

and consumers as equal partners in decision-making

• currently has 60 member countries

ITTO membership represents:• over 90% of world tropical timber trade

• over 80% of the world’s tropical forests

Producer member countries

Africa Asia Latin AmericaCameroon Cambodia Bolivia

Central African Rep. Fiji BrazilCongo India Colombia

Cote d’Ivoire Indonesia EcuadorDem. Rep. of Congo Malaysia Guatemala

Gabon Myanmar GuyanaGhana Papua New Guinea HondurasLiberia Philippines MexicoNigeria Thailand PanamaTogo Vanuatu Peru

SurinameTrinidad & Tobago

Venezuela

Consumer member countries

Australia Germany NorwayAustria Greece PolandBelgium/Lux. Ireland PortugalCanada Italy SwedenChina Japan SwitzerlandDenmark Korea UKEgypt Nepal USAFinland Netherlands EUFrance New Zealand

Areas of work

• Economic information and market intelligence (EIMI)

• Forest industry (FI)

• Reforestation and forest management (RFM)

• Communication

Economic information and market intelligence (EIMI)

• Timber trade and markets

• Statistics

• Market access

• Certification

• Ecosystem services

Forest industry (FI)

• Value adding

• Reduced impact logging

• Efficiency

• Marketing

Reforestation and forest management (RFM)

• Forest management planning

• Criteria & indicators

• Forest Landscape Restoration

• Community forestry

• Forest fire management

• Biodiversity & transboundary conservation

• Mangroves

Donors

Financial contributions may be made by any country or organization.

Donors for project work and other activities include:

JapanSwitzerlandUnited StatesNorwayNetherlandsEU

AustraliaFinlandSouth Korea Private Sector

ITTO acts through…• Policy related

activities• Projects• Communication

and information sharing

• Thematic Programmes

ITTO projects

• ITTO has provided grants worth over US$375 million

• more than 750 projects funded

• about 150 projects currently under way

• employ more than 500 local professionals in the tropics

Examples of ITTO projects

• GLOMIS – Global Mangrove Database & Information System (www.glomis.com )

• Training on RIL (Indonesia, Brazil, Cameroon, Cambodia)• Forest restoration projects (Ghana, Thailand, Colombia)• Forest assessment, mapping and inventory (Gabon, Cameroon)• Building capacity for A/R CDM (Africa, Latin America, Asia)

All projects with the primary objective of promoting SFM

ITTO’s transboundary conservation program

Region Countries AreaLanjak-Entimau/Betung Kerihun

Malaysia/Indonesia 1.1 m ha

Phatam Thailand/Cambodia 0.13 m haKayan Mentarang/Pulong Tau

Indonesia/Malaysia 1.55 m ha

Condor Range Peru/Ecuador 2.42 m haTambopata/Madidi

Peru/Bolivia 2.85 m ha

Northern Congo Congo/Cameroon/CAR 1.7 m haMengamé Cameroon/Gabon 0.14 m haTotal 9.9 m ha

ITTO and Indonesia• ITTO projects since 1987

– PD 17/87 – “Investigation on the steps needed to rehabilitate the areas of East Kalimantan seriously affected by fires”

– PD 271/04 – “Rehabilitation of degraded forest land involving local communities in West Java”

• 51 projects implemented• 9 projects current operational• ITTO investment of +- $28 million• ITTOProjectsinIndonesia-DB-12May09.pdf

Policy work

ITTO Guidelines ( SFM, Forest Restoration, Biodiversity Guidelines, Planted tropical forests, etc)

•Status of Forest Management in the Tropics ITTO : SFM Tropics 2005

•Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 2007

• ITTO Guidelines ( Forest Restoration, Biodiversity Guidelines ,planted tropical forests, etc)

• TFU , Tropical Timber Market Report

www.itto.int

Communication and information sharing

Thematic Programmes:A new mechanism for support

• ITTO’s new mechanism to support member countries

• Five cross-cutting Themes approved in the last Council:

1. Reducing Deforestation and Forest Degradation and Enhancing Environmental Services – REDDES

2. Tropical Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade – TFLET

3. Community Forest Management and Enterprises

4. Trade and Market Transparency5. Industry Development and Efficiency

Thematic Programmes in operation

• REDDES

• TFLET

• CITES/ITTO Initiative

ITTO and Forest Landscape Restoration

Direct causes of forest area change by region 1990-2000

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Africa Latin America Asia Pan-Tropical

Perc

enta

ge o

f tot

al a

rea

chan

ge

Expansion of shifting cultivation into undisturbed forestsIntensification of agriculture in shifting cultivation areasDirect conversion of forest area to small-scale permanent agricultureDirect conversion of forest area to large-scale permanent agricultureGains in forest area and canopy coverOther

Degraded and Secondary Forests in the Tropics

• Approx. 850 million ha (the size of US)• Only 45% of tropical forests are still on

continuous forest landscapes• Local communities manage

secondary/degraded forests for their livelihoods

• Gained new momentum with REDD– Difficult to assess degradation

Degradation Thresholds

Crown cover %

100

80

10

”Undegraded forest”

”Degraded forest”

”Non-forest”

Forest

Restoration

Rehabilitation

A/R

Original status

Time

Degradation and SFM ElementsSFM element Potential indicators (examples) 1.Extent of forest resources

Forest cover, stand density, degree of fragmentation

2.Biological diversity Ecosystem diversity, species diversity, genetic diversity, degree of fragmentation, connectivity

3.Forest health and vitality

Area affected by pests, diseases, fire, storm damage, etc.

4.Productive functions of forest resources

Stocking level, MAI, age structure, NTFP yield

5.Protective functions of forest resources

Soil erosion, water quality and runoff, etc.

6.Socio-economic functions of forests

Value of forest products, recreation and tourism; cultural and community values; employment; income; area available for recreation, area available to indigenous people

7.Contribution to the carbon cycle/climate change by forests

Carbon stock (biomass/soil), growing stock

What climate change people look at:

• Aditionality

• Permanence

• Avoided leakage

Levels of Assessment

Ø National

Ø Sub-national

Ø Landscape

Ø Forest management unit

Ø Stand

Implications for (inter alia)

è Choice of inidicators

è Choice of assessment methodology

SFM

FLR

“... going in the same direction”

www.itto.int

ITTO Guidelines

-Definitions (pg 10-11)

-Management Strategies (pg. 23)

- 49 Principles and 160 Recommendations (pg 32 – 49)

-Glossary (pg 57)

-Annexes (pg 62 – 84)