Introduction to Research Introduction to Research MethodologyMethodology

Meaning of ResearchMeaning of Research

Systematic investigation towards Systematic investigation towards increasing the sum of knowledgeincreasing the sum of knowledge

(Chambers 20th Century Dictionary)(Chambers 20th Century Dictionary)

It refers to a systematic method It refers to a systematic method consisting of enunciating the problem, consisting of enunciating the problem, formulating a hypothesis, collecting the formulating a hypothesis, collecting the facts ,analyzing the facts and reaching facts ,analyzing the facts and reaching certain conclusions.certain conclusions.

Objectives of researchObjectives of research

To gain familiarity with a To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve insights phenomenon or to achieve insights into it.into it.

To portray the characteristics of a To portray the characteristics of a particular individual, situation or a particular individual, situation or a group.group.

Continued…Continued…

To determine the frequency with To determine the frequency with which something occurs or its which something occurs or its association with something else.association with something else.

To test a hypothesis of a casual To test a hypothesis of a casual relationship between variables.relationship between variables.

Motivation in researchMotivation in research Motivation for Research :Motivation for Research : Desire to face challenge of solving the unsolved.Desire to face challenge of solving the unsolved. Desire to get intellectual joyDesire to get intellectual joy Desire to be of service to societyDesire to be of service to society Desire to get respectabilityDesire to get respectability Desire to get a research degree Desire to get a research degree

Motivation for Research Methodology:Motivation for Research Methodology: Qualitatively control research processQualitatively control research process

Validate research resultsValidate research resultsCompare research approachesCompare research approachesRespect rules of good scientific practiceRespect rules of good scientific practice

Types of research Types of research

Descriptive Vs AnalyticalDescriptive Vs AnalyticalApplied Vs FundamentalApplied Vs FundamentalQuantitative Vs QualitativeQuantitative Vs QualitativeConceptual Vs EmpiricalConceptual Vs EmpiricalOther typesOther types

Orientations for researchOrientations for research

Quantitative

Research

ExperimentalInferential Simulation

Qualitative

Research Vs Common SenseResearch Vs Common Sense

Research is purely an academic activity Vs Research is purely an academic activity Vs Inability of managers in the utilization of Inability of managers in the utilization of research findings. research findings.

Decisions and problem solving in the Decisions and problem solving in the scientific way gives better result.scientific way gives better result.

Commonsense is influenced by society and Commonsense is influenced by society and culture and give non-conscious ideologies culture and give non-conscious ideologies vs. Researches corrects misbelieves, vs. Researches corrects misbelieves, generate new concepts and broaden generate new concepts and broaden perspectives.perspectives.

Wheel of ResearchWheel of Research

Improvement in

theory and problem solvingObservation and literature

review

Problem Clarification

Concepts, constructs and models

Assumption And

hypothesis

Research Design

Data Collection

Data Analysis

Interpretations and

conclusions

Research Methods Vs Research Methods Vs Methodology Methodology

Research Methods :All the methods and Research Methods :All the methods and techniques which are used by the researcher techniques which are used by the researcher during the course of studying his/her research during the course of studying his/her research problem.problem.

Research MethodsResearch Methods

Methods for

Collection of DataStatistical techniques

used for establishing relations

Methods for Evaluation

of Results obtained

Research Methods Vs Research Methods Vs MethodologyMethodology

Research Methodology: is a way of Research Methodology: is a way of systematically solve the research systematically solve the research problem.problem.

It may be stated as a science of studying It may be stated as a science of studying how research is done scientifically.how research is done scientifically.

It involves not only the techniques and It involves not only the techniques and methods of research but also the logic methods of research but also the logic behind it.behind it.

It helps in designing the researchIt helps in designing the research

Ethics and Morals In ResearchEthics and Morals In Research

Ethics ,morals and values have a Ethics ,morals and values have a deep influence research.deep influence research.

Ethical issues in researcher and Ethical issues in researcher and respondent relationshiprespondent relationship

Moral responsibility of the researcher Moral responsibility of the researcher deals with social guidelines and deals with social guidelines and constraints upon the techniques and constraints upon the techniques and measurement.measurement.