Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
information systems basics
Citation preview
Information SystemsInformation Systems
Meena Chauhan,Mtech CSE
ABES Engg.College
OutlineOutlineDefinitions
Types of Information Systems
Information Systems Vs Information Technology
Expanding Roles of IS
Classification of IS
Enterprise Resource Planning
Information Systems Development
IS as Discipline
Information systems: Opportunities and Challenges
Conclusion
DefinitionsDefinitionsData
Raw facts such as an employee’s name and number of hours worked in a week, inventory part numbers or sales orders.
Information
A collection of facts organized in such a way that they have additional value beyond the value of the facts themselves.
Data Information
$35,000 12 Units $12,000 J. Jones Western Region $100,000 100 Units
35 Units
Data Processing
Salesperson: J. Jones Sales Territory: Western Region Current Sales: 147 Units = $147,000
Information Systems
An information system(IS) is typically considered to be a set of interrelated elements or components that collect(input), manipulate(processes), and disseminate (output) data and information and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an objective.
Open System
Close System
Definitions
Types of Information SystemsTypes of Information Systems
1. Informal Information System
2. Formal Information System
An Information System is an organized combination of people, hardware, software, communication networks and the data resources that collects, transforms and disseminates information in a organization.
Computer-based Information System
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Hardware
Software
Databases
Networks
Other related components
are used to buildINFORMATION SYSTEMS
Payroll System
Inventory System
Marketing System
Customer Service System
IS Vs ITIS Vs IT
Expanding Roles of ISExpanding Roles of IS1. Data Processing: 1950s-1960s
2. Management Reporting: 1960s-1970s
3. Decision support: 1970s-1980s
4. Strategic and End User Support: 1980s-1990s
5. Global Internetworking: 1990s-2000s
A four level pyramid model of different types of Information Systems based on the different levels of hierarchy in an organization
Information Systems relationship to Information
Technology, Computer Science, Information Science, and Business
Classification of ISClassification of ISInformation Systems
Operations Support System
Management Support System
Transaction processing systems
Process control systems
Office automation systems
Management information systems
Decision support systems
Executive information systems
1. Operations support systems process data generated by business operations
Major categories are:
i) Transaction processing systems
ii) Process control systems
iii) Office automation systems
2. Management Support Systems provide information and support needed for effective decision making by managers
Major categories are
i) Management Information System
ii) Decision Support Systems
iii) Executive Information System
1. Operations Support System
i) Transaction processing systems
• Process business exchanges• Maintain records about the exchanges• Handle routine, yet critical, tasks• Perform simple calculations
ii) Process control systems monitor and control industrial processes.
iii) Office automation systems automate office procedures and enhance office communications and productivity.
2. Management support systems provide information and support needed for effective decision making by managers
Major categories are:
i) Management information systems
Routine information for routine decisions Operational efficiency Use transaction data as main input Databases integrate MIS in different functional areas
ii) Decision Support System
• Interactive support for non-routine decisions or problems• End-users are more involved in creating a DSS than an MIS
iii) Executive information systems
provide critical information tailored to the information needs of executives
Other categories
a) Expert systems
b) End user computing systems
c) Business information systems
d) Strategic information systems
a) Expert Systems are knowledge-based systems that provides expert advice and act as expert consultants to the users
b) End user computing systems support the direct, hands on use of computers by end users for operational and managerial applications
c) Business information systems support the operational and managerial applications of the basic business functions of a firm
d) Strategic information systems provide a firm which strategic products, services, and capabilities for competitive advantage
Enterprise Resource Planning Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)(ERP)
Integrated programs that can manage a company’s entire set of business operations
Often coordinate planning, inventory control, production and ordering
Information Systems DevelopmentInformation Systems Development
IS as DisciplineIS as Discipline
IS is an interdisciplinary field influenced by Computer Science, Political Science, Psychology, Operations Research, Linguistics, Sociology, and Organizational Theory.
ChallengesChallenges
1. Workforce downsizing
2. Information overload
3. Employee mistrust
4. Difficult to built
5. Security breaches
OpportunitiesOpportunities1. Enhanced global competitiveness
2. Capture market opportunities
3. Support corporate strategy
4. Enhance worker productivity
5. Improve quality of goods and services
In the past decade, the nature of IS has In the past decade, the nature of IS has undergone a dramatic change, from mainframe-undergone a dramatic change, from mainframe-based IS to client / server computing to today's based IS to client / server computing to today's web-based information system, with the Internet web-based information system, with the Internet having made the revolution. having made the revolution. The four powerful worldwide changes that have The four powerful worldwide changes that have altered the business environment are: altered the business environment are: 1. Globalization; 1. Globalization; 2. rise of the information economy; 2. rise of the information economy; 3. transformation of the business enterprise; 3. transformation of the business enterprise; 4. emergence of the digital firm. 4. emergence of the digital firm.
ConclusionConclusion
Information Systems are indispensable to the business, industry, academia and any organization to meet the future challenges
Exercise : Search for college program in IS
1. Use an Internet search engine of your choice to Find Certificate and degree programs in Information Security
2. Use an Internet search engine of your choice to Find Certificate and degree programs in Information Assurance
3. Use an Internet search engine of your choice to Find Certificate and degree programs in Network Security
4. Use an Internet Search Engine of your choice to find certificate and degree programs in physical security
5. What is common among these programs ? What make each one Unique ?
Exercise : National Agency Education in Information
Assurance Program
1. Visit the National Security Agency Centers of Academic Excellence home page at www.nsa.gov/ia/academia/caeiae.cfm
2. Review the criteria for measurement of educational institutions that participate in the program
3. Review the list of participating institutions and select a college or university in your region or state
4. Visit the National Security agency and Department of Homeland Security Partnership Announcement at www.nsa.gov/releases/relea00077.cfm
Distributed Information SystemsDistributed Information Systems
Distributed Information System (DIS) is seen as a collection of autonomous in formation systems which can collaborate with each other. This collaboration can
be driven by requests for knowledge needed to predict what values should
replace null values in missing or incomplete attributes.
Distributed information system is a system that connects a number
of information systems using network communication
technology. It is assumed that DIS is autonomous and
incomplete .
Distributed development of software and information systems (also named Global
Software Development) becomes increasingly common, driven by the
globalisation ofcompanies and their business and enabled by new information and
communicationtechnologies.
Distributed Information Systems Development (DISD) promotes realisationof IS in a collaborative way where several partners, generally situated in distant places,participate in the elaboration of a common solution. The DISD consists in decomposingthe IS development process into more or les autonomous phases to be realised by thesepartners.
DISD aims at increasing enterprise productivity, reducing IS development cost, and enlarging the number of human competencies and skills, which allows not only to shareexperiences in different cultural environments but also to extend enterprise strategy to the global market. In fact, this kind of practice allows enterprises to deal with new economic globalisation constraints that they have to undergo but it is not devoid of problems.
It is clear that the distribution of processes has an impact on the way the IS products will be specified, designed, coded and delivered to the clients.
