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The Poten)al of Mesoamerican Coffee Produc)on Systems to Mi)gate Climate Change1
Online Research Presenta/on (WEBINAR) (From) Cali, Colombia – 20 June 2011
1 Henk van Rikxoort, Peter Läderach, Jos van Hal
2
AGENDA
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
} Background } Methodology } Results 1 – Difference between coffee systems } Results 2 – Influence of voluntary standards } Results 3 – Framework for effective mitigation } Recommendations
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BACKGROUND
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
Lack of knowledge: } Carbon footprints in coffee production... } Voluntary standards and climate change mitigation... } Climate change mitigation practices...
Objective: } To quantify the effects of different coffee production
systems and voluntary standards on climate change. } To develop a framework for effective climate change
mitigation on coffee production level.
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METHODOLOGY
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
Cool Farm Tool Cropster C-sar Data collection
Information for better decision making
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METHODOLOGY
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
} Moguel and Toledo (1999):
} Voluntary standards: § Organic § Rainforest Alliance /
UTZ Certified § Conventional
§ Traditional polyculture § Commercial polyculture
§ Unshaded monoculture § Shaded monoculture
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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COFFEE SYSTEMS
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140 Tr
ad-p
oly
Com
-pol
y
Shad
-mon
o
Uns
had-
mon
o
t CO
2-e/
ha-1
Carbon stocks in shade trees and coffee plants } Mean C-sequestration:
§ Trad-poly: 91 t CO2-e/ha-1
§ Com-poly: 71,3 t CO2-e/ha-1
§ Shad-mono: 36,6 t CO2-e/ha-1
§ Unshad-mono: 17,3 t CO2-e/ha-1
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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COFFEE SYSTEMS
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
} Mean C-sequestration:
§ Trad-poly: 11,5 t CO2-e/ha-1
§ Com-poly: 13,4 t CO2-e/ha-1
§ Shad-mono: 15,9 t CO2-e/ha-1
§ Unshad-mono: 17,3 t CO2-e/ha-1
0
5
10
15
20
25
Trad
-pol
y
Com
-pol
y
Shad
-mon
o
Uns
had-
mon
o
t CO
2-e/
ha-1
Carbon stocks in coffee plants
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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COFFEE SYSTEMS
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
} Mean C-sequestration:
§ Trad-poly: 0,7 t CO2-e/ha-1 yr-1
§ Com-poly: 0,7 t CO2-e/ha-1 yr-1
§ Shad-mono: 0,6 t CO2-e/ha-1 yr-1
§ Unshad-mono: 0 t CO2-e/ha-1 yr-1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Trad
-pol
y
Com
-pol
y
Shad
-mon
o
Uns
had-
mon
o
t CO
2-e/
ha-1
yr-
1
Annual carbon sequestration in shade trees
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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COFFEE SYSTEMS
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COFFEE SYSTEMS
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
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INFLUENCE OF VOLUNTARY STANDARDS
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140 O
rgan
ic
RA
/ UTZ
Con
vent
iona
l
t CO
2-e/
ha-1
Carbon stocks in shade trees and coffee plants } Mean C-sequestration:
§ Organic: 83,4 t CO2-e/ha-1
§ RA / UTZ: 85,2 t CO2-e/ha-1
§ Conventional: 77,9 t CO2-e/ha-1
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INFLUENCE OF VOLUNTARY STANDARDS
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
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INFLUENCE OF VOLUNTARY STANDARDS
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
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FRAMEWORK FOR EFFECTIVE MITIGATION
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
} In ´t Veld (2002): Effectiveness = Content * Acceptance
} Adapted to: MITx = PRCy * FSBz Where: MIT = mitigation, kg CO2-e PRC = correct practices FSB = implementation feasibility
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FRAMEWORK FOR EFFECTIVE MITIGATION
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
1. Increase on-farm carbon stocks 2. Increase fertiliser use efficiency 3. Reduce wastewater generation
PRC (correct practices) focus:
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FRAMEWORK FOR EFFECTIVE MITIGATION
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
kg C
O2-
e/kg
-1
parc
hmen
t cof
fee
Annual carbon sequestration
Banana shade Tree shade
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FRAMEWORK FOR EFFECTIVE MITIGATION
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
0
1
2
3
4
Fertiliser production Fertiliser induced N2O kg C
O2-
e/kg
-1 p
arch
men
t co
ffee
GHG emissions from fertilisation
High-input Organic
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FRAMEWORK FOR EFFECTIVE MITIGATION
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
0
3
6
9
12
Waste water production
Gas use Diesel use Electricity use
kg C
O2-
e/kg
-1
parc
hmen
t cof
fee
GHG emissions from processing
Traditional wet process Ecological dry process
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RECOMENDATIONS
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
} To CIAT § Start discussions with GMCR to implement the climate change
mitigation framework in their Mesoamerican coffee supply chains. § Start further investigations in low CH4 emitting coffee processing
methods and machinery. Pay due attention to coffee quality.
} To Sustainability standards § Address effective climate change mitigation practices in standards. § Ensure the feasibility of implementation for coffee farmers.
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CONTACT DETAILS
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
Henk van Rikxoort Student – Development and Rural Innovation Consultant – Agriculture and Climate Change Wageningen University The Netherlands Mobile Colombia +573105325712 Mobile Europa +31618187108 E-mail [email protected] Fotos – Neil Palmer (CIAT)
