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Chapter 4
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Chapter 4 - 1
The Role of Culture
Learning Objectives
• Discuss primary characteristics of culture
• Describe elements of culture and how they influence international business
• Identify the ways that members of a culture communicate with each other
• Discuss how religious and other values affect the domestic environments in which international businesses operate
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Learning Objectives
• Describe the major cultural clusters and
their usefulness for international
managers
• Explain Hofstede’s primary findings
about differences in cultural values
• Explain how cultural conflicts may arise
in international business
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Characteristics of Culture
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Primary Characteristics
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Learned Interrelated
SharedAdaptive
Summary of Discussion
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Elements of Culture
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Social Structure
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The Roles of Individuals in
Society
Social Stratification and Mobility
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Individuals, Families, and Groups
9
• Family Structure
• Individualism
• Group Service
Social Stratification
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Types of Societies
Higher Stratification
Lower Stratification
Social
Mobility
Lower
Higher
Functions of Language
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Delineates Cultural Groups
Thought
Patterns
Cultural Values
Acculturation
Diversity
Cultural Aspects of Language
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Competitive
AdvantageLingua Franca
Saying “Yes”
or “No”Translation
Summary of Discussion
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Communication
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• Expressions
• Gestures
• Intonation
• Eye Contact
• Body Language
Nonverbal Forms
Gifts and Hospitality
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Etiquette Customs
Summary of Discussion
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Effects of Religion and Values on International Businesses
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Attitudes of Adherents
Constraints on Social Roles
Product Sales and Advertisements
Seasonal Patterns of Consumption
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Religion
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Impact of Religion on International Business
• Legal System
• Homogeneity
• Tolerance
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Time
StatusEducation
Age
Values and Attitudes
Summary of Discussion
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Cultural Clusters and International Management
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Hall’s Cultural Context Approach
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High
Context
Low
Context
Cultural Clusters
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Similarities and Business Practices
Internationalization Strategies
Foreign Market Entry Methods
Summary of Discussion
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Hofstede’s Findings on Differences in Cultural
Values
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The Five Dimensions
Individua
lCollectiv
e
Respect
Acceptin
gAggressi
veLong-
Term
Toleranc
e
Avoiding
Passive
Short-
Term
Power Orientation
Uncertainty
Orientation
Social Orientation
Goal Orientation
Time Orientation
Social Orientation
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•Collectivism
•Individualism
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Power Orientation
•Respect
•Tolerance
Uncertainty Orientation
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•Acceptance
•Avoidance
Goal Orientation
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•Passive
•Aggressive
Time Orientation
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Short Term
Long Term
Summary of Discussion
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International Management and Cultural Differences
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Understanding New Cultures
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Self-Reference Criterion
Cross-Cultural Literacy
Acculturation
Summary of Discussion
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Chapter 4
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The Role of Culture
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