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Grammar Book
By: Sofia Porter
Table of Contents
1. Present- ar, er, ir2. Stem changers3. Irreglars- go, zco4. Saber vs. conocer5. Reflexives6. Se impersonal7. Present tense with
dipthongs8. Verbs like-uir/guir- cer/cir-
ger/ gir
9. Hacer+ +que+ present10. Ser vs estar11. Imperfect12. Prederite13. Car, gar ,zar14. Spock15. La cucaracha 16. Snake17. snakey
Presente- ar, er, irar
er
ir
o
as
a
amos
ais
an
o
es
e
emos
is
en
o
es
e
emos
is
en
Stem Changers
• E ie ex. Piensa -> piensan• E I ex. Pide -> piden• O ue ex. Puedes -> pueden • U ue Nosotros and Vosotros do not use stem
changers
Irregular “yo”
-car c Qu
-gar g gu
-zar z c
Saber vs. ConocerSaber Conocer
To know Facts
To Know people
reflexivesme
te
se
nos
os
se
Reflexives are the verbs that are reflected upon oneself or others
Reflexives can hook onto the infinitive comand- ex. Banate!
Reflexive can proceed a conjugated verb
Se impersonal
• Used when the subject of a sentence is not specific but it IS human
EX. Se habla espanol aquiSe prohibe fumar
Present tense with dipthongs
• Accents are required to break up the dipthings for stress
• Dipthings are the week vowels in a word – Weak ( i/y, u)– Strong (a,e,o)
Estudiar and limpiar do not require accents because the stress is not placed on the “i”
Verbs like-uir/guir- cer/cir- ger/ gir
Hacer+ +que+ present
Ser vs. EstarD O C T O R P E D
H E L P I N G
Descriptions, Origins, Characteristics, Time, Occupation, Relationships, Possessions, Events, and Dates
Heath, Motion, Location, Present condition
-ING : ar- ando -yendo er/ir- endo
Imperfecteiba
ibas
iba
ibamos
iban
era
eras
era
eramos
eran
veia
veias
veia
vieamos
vian
IR SER
VER
Imperfect1. To express what used to happen, or happened repeatedly in the past
2. To describe people or things in the past tense
3. To describe a state of mind, an opinion, or feeling in the past
4. To express the time of day in the past
5. Action interrupted by another action
6. To set the stage, describe a situation or setting
