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Globalization and the Globalization and the New ObscurityNew Obscurity
What is Globalization? Process of interdependence
A) People
B) States
C) Economics
D) Ecologies
E) Cultures
Greater Cooperation but also Greater Fragmentation
Historical background Buzz word first used in the 80’s Early forms of Globalization: Colonialism and Mercantilism Spread of Religion Industrial Revolution International Laws and Organizations 16th century Westphalia treaty
1900 International Court of Arbitration- Peace Palace
1919 League of Nations
1945 United Nations
Post WWII- WTO, IMF, EU, UN
Patterns of GlobalizationI. Political
State sovereignty-crisis of nation-state-domestic-foreign frontier
Problem Solving-”Think globally” Degree of International Organization-many exist but relatively powerless-dominated by western states
State of International Relation-still in cold war paradigm
II. Economic
Trade & Production
-Supply has surpassed demand
-International trade has decreased dramatically
Investment
-large stakes owned by foreign nations
Financial markets
-In a situation of extreme debt and lack of liquidity
Labor Market
-workers compete globally
Absolute freedom of goods and trade do not exist.
International org. regulate trade Both EU and USA advocate protectionism Technical division of labor has replaced
social aspect-”Digital Divide” Trans-national corp. being replaced by
Foreign direct investment (FDI)
Contradictions:
III. Cultural-Religion
Creates increased fragmentation-Ethnicity
Ethno-nationalism & SupranationalismInward looking mono-cultural view (not
pluralistic)-Consumer PreferencesDeveloped /underdevelopedMedia
Global distribution of images and info.CNN & Al Jazeera
III. Ecological Environmental protection -Global concern growing-Global action is distant and insufficient
Use of resources-Exhaustive patterns of use of resources.
Population
Wealth
CO2 Emissions
Conclusions
Shared interests hold globalization together Interest divergence will create - neo-
colonialism Choice—Cooperation or Fragmentation?