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mis fotos de recien nacido
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<1>
2times
everyyear
3days
ComicMarket
Comiket
buy/sell doujinshi
media by fans
amateurs
enthusiasts
[Lilian Fourhand video]
original
original
“rip”
“mix”
“burn”
[Gradius video]
[Airrade video]
Comiket
RW
culture
not only consume
“producedelsewhere”
actively
make
customize
<2>
2006
webservice
ニコニコ動画(Nico Nico Douga)
real-timecomments
fly across the screen
novel interactions
1.sing along
1.sing along
2.cheer
1.sing along
2.cheer
3.boo
1.sing along
2.cheer
3.boo
4.survey
1.sing along
2.cheer
3.boo
4.survey
5.typing lessons
content
evolve
KumikyokuNico Nico Douga
[Kumikyoku video]
So what?
100+derivedversions
slightmodifications
crossovers
personal, artistic touches
build uponone another
Something always gets created
creativity
visible
in your face
inviting
fun
RW
culture
<3>
why?
meme
“a theoretical unit of cultural information”
1.catch phrases
2.tunes
3.beliefs
4.fashions
5.technologies
1.catch phrases
1.catch phrases
2.tunes
1.catch phrases
2.tunes
3.beliefs
1.catch phrases
2.tunes
3.beliefs
4.fashions
memes ≈ genes
replicate
propagate
natural selection
extinct
survive
evolve
mutation
inheritance(crossovers)
Nico Nico Douga
a meme = a video
large complex of memes(memeplex)
evolve fast
conducive toevolution
user interface
norms
fosters
natural selection
evolution
<4>
user interface
real-time comments
easy togive impressions
want to comment
fun
see
sing along
make noise
a part of the mob
contribute
decorate
fun to upload
more feedback
see how people react
much more fun
visualization
more incentivesto create
discoveryof interesting videos
promotesocial causes
detract fromnatural selection
editors
agendas
stealspotlight
from truly popular
videos
<5>
norms
doujinshi
encourage
derivativeworks
evolution
easy access
source material
rapid feedback
people already wantto derive
not only the Japanese
everyonewants to derive
no doujinshiin America?
doujinshi
=
derivative works
no permission
America
lawsuits
Japan
opposite
Comiket
>30 years
increasinglycommercial
$245Min 2007
15% ofOtaku industry
anime DVDsmanga
video gamesfigures
lack ofresources
“We don’t haveenough lawyers.There just aren’tenough resourcesto prosecute cases
like this.”
norm
legacy
live with it
manga creators
manga creators
were/are
doujinshi creators
restricting
strongrepercussion
consumers
creators
adapted
Comiket
best opportunitiesto sell goods
“Lucky Star no
Kiwami, AAA”
[Shiteyanyo]~
“Lucky Star no
Kiwami, AAA”
[Shiteyanyo]~
“Lucky Star no
Kiwami, AAA”
[Shiteyanyo]~
norm
heldby industry
enforcedloosely
by consumers/creators
free tobuild upon
evolve
<6>
Nico Nico Douga
UI
user participation
accelerate
creativity
norm
encouragederivation
informally
protectsuploaders
publishers’control
moral of the story
fostercreativity
2 things
(1) make it fun
(2) make it free
commons
(1)easy
(2)much harder
change law
reducecopyright’s
scope
makedoujinshi norm
strong
do something
rights to derive
protected by the law