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OMB Federal Enterprise Architecture Data Reference Model
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Policy Awareness & Data Reference Model (DRM)
Amit K. MaitraAF CIO-Architecture
Inter-Agency DRM Working GroupMarch 21, 2005
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CONTEXT
Global Environment Changing Technologies Revolutionary Moments: The Mandate Leadership
Decisions Processes
Department of Homeland Security Department of Air Force
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Underlying Theme
Fully integrated information systems for a shared data environment
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Focus
Information, Access, Authorization, Emerging Technologies Data Accessibility, Commonality, and
Compatibility Design Data Dictionary Data Locale Security & Privacy Assurance
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Global Environment
Characteristics Geographically distributed, dissimilar elements
of varying capabilities and responsibilities Data distributed to and redistributed among
system facilities, interconnected by both private and shared public communications networks
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Changing Technologies
A Gentle Transition From XML to Resource Description Framework (RDF)
The purpose of RDF is to give a standard way of specifying data “about” something
Advantage of using RDF
If widely used, RDF will help make XML more interoperable
Promotes the use of standardized vocabularies ... standardized types (classes) and standardized properties
Provides a structured approach to designing XML documents
The RDF format is a regular, recurring pattern
Quickly identifies weaknesses and inconsistencies of non-RDF-compliant XML designs
Helps us better understand our data!
Positions data for the Semantic Web!
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Changing Technologies: Web Ontology Language (OWL)
RDF has limited expressive capability-- Mostly limited to taxonomic descriptions
The things we model have complex relationships so we need to capture many different facets, or restrictions on class and property descriptions
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Revolutionary Moments: The Mandate
“Our success depends on agencies working as a team across traditional boundaries to serve the
American people, focusing on citizens rather than
individual agency needs.” ~ President George W.
Bush
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No common framework or methodology to describe the data and information that supports the processes, activities, and functions of the business
No definition of the handshake or partnering aspects of information exchange
Existing systems offer diffused content that is difficult to manage, coordinate, and evolve
Information is inconsistent and/or classified inappropriately
Without a common reference, data is easier to duplicate than integrate
No common method to share data with external partners
Limited insight into the data needs of agencies outside the immediate domain
Data and Information context is rarely defined Stove piped boundaries, no central registry Lack of funding and incentive to share Data sensitivity and security of data New laws/issues result in continuous adding of
databases that can not share data
Primary Issues and Information Sharing Barriers
The Current Situation: The Federal Government is less than efficient in performing its business and meeting customer needs
due to data sharing inefficiencies caused by stove-piped data boundaries
Stove-Piped Data Boundaries“As Is State”
Have C
reate
d
HHS
INDUSTRY
Illustrative
Illustrative
CDC
DHS
TSA
USDA
DOI
ENERGY
LABOR
FDA INS
Denotes data and information sets within agencies.
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The Solution: The Data Reference Model (DRM)
Subject Area
Data Object
DataProperty
DataRepresentation
DataClassification
The DRM provides:
A framework to enable horizontal and vertical information sharing that is independent of agencies and supporting systems
A framework to enable agencies to build and integrate systems that leverage data from within or outside the agency domain
A framework that facilitates opportunities for sharing with citizens, external partners and stakeholders
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MODEL DRIVEN ARCHITECTUREMODEL DRIVEN ARCHITECTURE
A virtual representation of all physical data sources:
- Applications are to be decoupled from data sources
- Details of data storage and retrieval are to be abstracted
- Are to be easily extended to new information sources
The Architecture
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The Structure
META OBJECT FACILITYMETA OBJECT FACILITY
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The Tools
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Department of Homeland Security and Federated Data Management Approach
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The Result: Interagency Information Federation
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Paradigm Shift
MDA is fundamental change MDA rests on MOF It is the best architecture for integration It shifts data architecture from Entity
Relationship Diagramming (ERD) to a Business Context (Interoperability/Information Sharing)
Business & Performance Driven ApproachBusiness & Performance Driven Approach
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Concerns
To what extent the government agencies, Customers, Partners are willing to participate along the Lines of Business (LOB), thereby underscoring the importance of working toward a common goal: Collective Action IAW National Security/National Interests criteria
These need to be tested and validated against uniquely tailored performance indicators: Inputs, Outputs, and Outcomes
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Leadership at DoD
• Decisions• Processes
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Decisions
“Net-Centric Data Strategy& Communities of Interest
(COI)”
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End-User Consumer End-User Producer
B A R R I E R B A R R I E R B A R R I E R B A R R I E R
“What data exists?““How do I access the data?”“How do I know this data is what I need?”“How can I tell someone what data I need?”
“How do I share my data with others?” “How do I describe my data so others can understand it?”
Organization “A” Organization “B” Organization “C”
User is unaware this data exists
User knows this data existsbut cannot access it because of organizational and/or technical barriers
?
The DoD Net-Centric Data Strategy aims at breaking down barriers to information sharing…
User knows data exists and can access it but may not know how to make use of it due to lack of under- standing of what data represents
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The Net-Centric Data Strategy is a key enabler of the Department’s transformation...
The Strategy describes key goals to achieving net-centric data management…
• The Strategy (signed May 9, 2003) provides the foundation for managing the Department’s data in a net-centric environment, including:
Ensuring data are visible, accessible, and understandable when needed and where needed to accelerate decision making
“Tagging” of all data (intelligence, non-intelligence, raw, and processed) with metadata to enable discovery by known and unanticipated users in the Enterprise
Posting of all data to shared spaces for users to access except when limited by security, policy, or regulations
Organizing around Communities of Interest (COIs) that are supported by Warfighting, Business, Enterprise Information Environment, and Intelligence Mission Areas and their respective Domains.
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COIs are a key ‘implementer’ of data strategy goals…
Tag data assets with COI-defined metadata that enables it to be searched (visible)
Organize data assets using taxonomies developed by experts within the COI
Define the structure and business rules for operating with data and information (e.g. define data models, schema, interfaces)
Identify, define, specify, model, and expose data assets to be reused by the Enterprise as services
Enable Data to beEnable Data to beTrustedTrusted
Enable DataEnable DataInteroperabilityInteroperability
Make DataMake DataAccessibleAccessible
Enable Data to beEnable Data to beUnderstandableUnderstandable
Make Data VisibleMake Data Visible
Key Goals Key COI Actions:
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Blue Force Tracking (BFT) COI Example Implementation of the Data Strategy…
BFT Content Providers BFT Service Consumers
FBCB2/EPLRS
TacticalInternet FBCB2
JVMFIP/MCG
BFTSVC
XMLSOAP
FBCB2/EPLRS
TacticalInternet FBCB2
JVMFIP/MCG
BFTSVC
XMLSOAP
Air Feed
ADSITADIL-J
L-16BFTSVC
XMLSOAP
FBCB2/MTS/L-Band
GroundStation
JVMFMTS
BFTSVC
RM FBCB2XML
SOAP
MMC
GroundStation
BFTSVC
RM MMCXML
SOAP
MDACT/USMC
EPLRS/CNR IOW
VDXIP
BFTSVC
XMLSOAP
BFT ServicePI
CI
BFT ServicePI
CI
BFT ServicePI
CI
BFT ServicePI
CI
Web Services Info Grid
BFT ServicePI
CI
NCESIntegration
BFT Service(www.bft.smil)
Ad/SubPropagation
Query
InfoDelivery
Filtering
QoS Consolidation
NCESService
DiscoverySecurity Messaging ESM
Efficient“on-demand”info service