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PEDV-Warning Shot for National Biosecurity and Foreign Animal Disease Preparedness and Response - Dr. Tim Snider, Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, from the 2013 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 14-17, 2013, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2013-leman-swine-conference-material
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Leman Hot Topics Session 2013
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus
Warning Shot for national biosecurity and foreign animal disease preparedness and response
Allen D Leman Swine Conference – 2013Dr Timothy Snider – University of Minnesota
Raise awareness of Foreign Animal Disease Preparedness and Response programs
Utilize our PEDV experience as a springboard to encourage producers and veterinarians to capitalize on industry and regulatory development to prepare for future challenges
Private swine veterinary practice1992-1998: Sheridan & Heuser Swine Health
Heartland Swine Health2007-2011: Snider Veterinary Services
Corporate swine veterinary practice1998 – 2001: Cotswold Canada & USA2001 – 2007: Maple Leaf Foods (Eastern Mb & Ontario)2011 – Present: TOPIGS USA
Academia – Veterinary Population MedicineJuly 2013 – Present: Instructor at University of Minnesota
University of Minnesota – July 2011 to July 2013Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine Residency
Multiple Projects including:Facilitating Public Private Partnerships – USDA
“FAD PReP” Proactive Risk Assessments:Broilers, Turkeys & Swine Sectors
Masters of Public Health – Executive Program25% of full time commitmentCoursework, Masters Project, Field Experience
Original Movement Control and Stamp Out only approach now includes ‘Continuity of Business’
USDA FAD Response GoalsUSDA FAD Response Goals1. Detect, control, and contain disease asap2. Eradicate disease using strategies that seek to
stabilize animal agriculture, food supply, economy, and protect public health
3. Provide science- and risk-based approaches and systems to facilitate continuity of business for non-infected animals and non-contaminated animal products
Minimize the risk of moving infected but undetected animals or animal products
1998 - Presidential Decision Directive 632001 – Executive Order 13228Bioterrorism Act of 20022002 Farm Bill2003 - Homeland Security Presidential Directive 52003 - Homeland Security Presidential Directive 72004 - Homeland Security Presidential Directive 9
US Policy ReviewKey Points for Animal Agriculture
Agriculture and food supply = Critical Infrastructure
Vulnerable to disease, pest, or poisonous agentsNatural, Unintentional, OR Intentional introduction
Increased funding for USDA partnerships with higher education
Improve research/analysis of agro-terrorism issues
US Policy ReviewKey Points for Animal Agriculture
USDA mandate to improve emergency response
National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN)National Animal Health Emergency Management System (NAHEMS)Office of Emergency Management and Homeland Security (OEMHS)National Response Management Team (NRMT)
US Policy ReviewKey Points for Animal Agriculture
Homeland Security - Centers of ExcellenceNational Center for Food Protection and Defense (NCFPD - UMN)National Center for Foreign Animal And Zoonotic Disease (FAZD - Texas A&M)Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases (CEEZAD - KSU)
Communique #1Initial AASV Memo to Members – May 17/13
Not included on the USDA or OIE lists of foreign animal diseasesUSDA considers this to be a “Transboundary Disease”No requirement to report the detection to OIE as an Immediate Report but will likely be reported on the USDA’s routine six month or annual reportNo plans to institute quarantines or movement controls
Communique #2AASV Quick Facts for Public - May 17/13
Not a listed disease of the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE)Not considered a foreign animal disease in the United StatesNo interstate trade restrictionsNot a zoonotic disease Not a food safety concern
What is the proper disease terminology for PEDV?
Emerging Detected for the first time in a locationDetected in a specific population for the first timeA clarified link to a chronic disease or syndrome
Re-emerging Present in the past and considered eradicated or controlled
(S.S. Morse. Factors in the Emergence of Infectious Diseases. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 1996;1(1): 7-15.)
Foreign Animal Disease (FAD)
High Impact diseases for which individual countries are negative.Individual countries, provinces, and states regulate through legislation…. ‘reportable’, ‘notifiable’, ‘named’ diseases
Limitation of FAD terminology it does not account for emerging or re-emerging animal diseases of ‘domestic’ origin
Transboundary Animal Disease (TAD)“those diseases that are of significant economic, trade
and/or food security importance for a considerable number of countries; which can easily spread to other countries and reach epidemic proportions; and where control/management, including exclusion, requires cooperation between several countries.”Transboundary Animal Diseases: Assessment of socio-economic impacts and
institutional responses (Feb 2004) UN Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Terminology created by FAO to address ‘foreign’ animal diseases of ‘domestic’ origin
PEDV Questions
What is the proper disease terminology for PEDV?
EmergingForeignTransboundary
What is the OIE list of diseases? How used?Why is PEDV not on the OIE’s list of ‘diseases of interest’ but TGEV is?What are the international reporting responsibilities regarding emerging diseases?How do sovereign nations determine their trade restriction response or lack thereof?
Countries cooperate in the interest of trade/commerceMotivated to control spread of FADsWorld Organization for Animal Health (OIE) & the United Nation’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) work together to preserve public good regarding animal healthConsiderations include: Animal health & welfare, socio-economic impact, and public health
USAHA FAD – The Gray Book 2008
OIE International Committee (CVO) maintains a single unified list of reportable diseases
130 diseases of interest (OIE 2005)Listed as species specific and multispecies groupings
Criteria:International SpreadSignificant spread within naïve populationsZoonotic potentialEmerging diseases USAHA FAD – The Gray Book 2008
OIE – Reportable Disease (Swine)
African Swine FeverClassical Swine FeverNipah virus encephalitisPorcine CysticercosisPorcine Reproductive and Respiratory SyndromeSwine Vesicular diseaseTransmissible gastroenteritis
USAHA FAD – The Gray Book 2008
New world screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax)Old world screwworm (Chrysomya bezziana)ParatuberculosisQ feverRabiesRift Valley FeverRinderpestSurra (Trypanosoma evansi)TrichinellosisTularemiaVesicular StomatitisWest Nile Fever
AnthraxAujeszky’s DiseaseBluetongueBrucellosis (abortus, melitensis, suis)Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic feverEchinococcosis/hydatidosisEpizootic Haemorrhagic DsEquine Encephalomyelitis (Eastern)Foot & Mouth DiseaseHeartwaterJapanese encephalities
USAHA FAD – The Gray Book 2008
*OIE delegate reports to OIE Central Bureau (<24 hours)*
Criteria:First time occurrence or re-occurrenceFirst time occurrence of a new strainSudden increase in distribution, incidence, mortality/morbidityEmerging disease with significant mortality/morbidity or zoonotic
potentialEvidence of change in the epidemiology of listed disease (host
range, pathogenicity, strain)
USAHA FAD – The Gray Book 2008
Frequency of Reporting:Weekly update reports on the evolution of the incident
until eradicated or endemic
Report every 6 months on absence/presence and evolution of listed diseases & epidemiology of interest to other countries
Report annually on any other information of interest to other countries USAHA FAD – The Gray Book 2008
Notify all OIE member countries and territories
Post information on World Animal Health Information Database (WAHID) www.oie.int
USAHA FAD – The Gray Book 2008
International Trade Response to FADSovereign nations independently determine
their trade response to any change in status with regard to a Transboundary Animal Disease
Response Related to:Assessment of risk (i.e. animal health, continuity of business, public health) related to spreadPoliticsTrade relationshipSpecial interest groups
Emerging Diseases – Porcine Viral
PEDV Questions
Where are the opportunities to improve our response to PEDV and similar future diseases including both non listed and high impact OIE listed transboundary animal diseases (i.e. FADs)?
Slide Courtesy of Dr William Hueston – CAHFS UMN
Awareness of potential emerging diseasesAwareness of international and domestic response Awareness that adopting Secure Pork Supply Plan is a voluntary State level decision and will facilitate USDA’s Continuity of Business effortsEncourage State level adoption of this and other ‘secure’ plans to achieve a standardized response on a national level
As Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) for proactive risk assessment work for permit guidanceContinued development of comprehensive well documented biosecurity programsExplore USDA Funded developments that facilitate disease management (i.e. Domestic and FAD PReP Disease)
FAZD tools– AgConnect, ERSS, EPSPromote data validation & geospatial disease management initiatives
ARC & E programsVDLs and Premise IDCooperative laboratory surveillance efforts
Raise awareness of Foreign Animal Disease Preparedness and Response programs
Utilize our PEDV experience as a springboard to encourage producers and veterinarians to capitalize on industry and regulatory development to prepare for future challenges
