differences (American Farm Bureau Federation Annual Meeting January 2012))

differences

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MT

engineers

MT

management

MT

engineers

MT

management

MT

engineers

NASA

management

MT

management

MT

engineers

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management

MT

management

MT

engineers

NASA

management

Tuesday

morning

January

28th

1986

MT

management

MT

engineers

NASA

management

MT

management

NASA

management

consider

decision

making… 1 - 10

What

makes it

better?

What looks like

resistance is

often a lack of

clarity. -Switch, Dan and Chip Heath

diversity…

difference

diversity…

di·ver·si·ty [dih-vur-si-tee]

noun, plural –ties

1.the state or fact of being diverse; difference; unlikeness.

2.variety; multiformity.

3.a point of difference.

difference

takes

many forms

diversity…

difference

takes

many forms

relational

diversity…

difference

takes

many forms

relational

disruptive

diversity…

↑diversity =

↑variance in

performance groups with more diversity

perform better or worse than

groups with less diversity

inclusion: Our ability to include difference and to

utilize the resources that we have access

to.

• fairness of employment practices

• openness to difference

• inclusion in decision making

• integration of networks

inclusion: “…being at home…”

“…belonging…”

“…able to bring my whole self to work…”

“…feeling that my unique contribution

was valued…”

“…my perspective is always

considered…”

“…I have a say in what happens…”

identity diversity: Differences in our social identities.

cognitive diversity: Differences in how we think and solve problems.

i

d

e

n

t

i

t

y

d

i

v

e

r

s

i

t

y

cognitive diversity The extent to which the group

reflects differences in knowledge, including beliefs,

preferences and perspectives.

-Miller, et al (1998) Strategic Management Journal

analytical

rational

realistic

factual

logical

definitive

risk taker

creative

flexible

synthesizer

conceptual

intuitive

persistent

planner

organized

disciplined

detailed

practical

passionate

cooperative

empathetic

expressive

harmonizing

responsive

Solving technical problems

Analyzing complex issues

Logical approach

Interpersonal aspects of situations

Ice breakers

Socializing in meetings

Conceptualizing

Innovating

Seeing the big picture

Routine Meetings

Details

Structure

Expressing ideas

Understanding group dynamics

Team building

Logic ahead of feelings

No interaction with people

Implementing ideas

Developing plans

Follow-up and completion

“Blue Sky” thinking

Not following the rules

Joys

Frustrations

Joys

Frustrations

Joys

Frustrations

Joys

Frustrations

Cerebral Mode (abstract & intellectual thought)

Limbic Mode (concrete and emotional processing)

Left

Mode R

ight M

ode

ANALYZE

ORGANIZE

STRATEGIZE

PERSONALIZE

analytical

rational

realistic

factual

logical

definitive

risk taker

creative

flexible

synthesizer

conceptual

intuitive

persistent

planner

organized

disciplined

detailed

practical

passionate

cooperative

empathetic

expressive

harmonizing

responsive

MBA

Harvard University

100 people

MBA

Harvard University

100 people

team #1

MBA

Harvard University

100 people

team #1

team #2

MBA

Harvard University

100 people

team #1

team #2

friends

with

cognitive

benefits

who

how

dysfunction

dysfunctional disagreement

dysfunctional agreement

also

dysfunction







always

disagree lack of

trust

personal

conflict

us vs.

them




always

disagree lack of

trust

personal

conflict

us vs.

them

always

agree lack of

honesty

meeting

after the

meeting

avoid

conflict




sweet

spot

Groups often fail to

outperform individuals

because they prematurely

move to consensus, with

dissenting opinions being

suppressed or dismissed.

-Hackman, Morris (1975) Advances in Experimental

Social Psychology

Minority dissent, even dissent

that is wrong, stimulates

divergent thought. Issues

and problems are considered

from more perspectives and

group members find more

correct answers.

-Nemeth, Staw (1989) Advances in Experimental

Social Psychology

Where do good ideas come

from? That is simple…from

differences. Creativity comes

from unlikely juxtapositions.

The best way to maximize

differences is to mix ages,

cultures and disciplines.

-Nicolas Negroponte, founder MIT Media Lab

stereotype

An idea or image; a mental

framework that contains our

knowledge, beliefs,

expectations and feelings

about a social group.

Stereotypes allow for no

individuality.

stereotype

waitress librarian

smoke

bowl

eat hamburgers

smoke

bowl

eat hamburgers

knit

wear glasses

eat salad

confirmation bias

Our tendency to search for or

interpret new information in

a way that confirms

preconceptions and avoids

information and

interpretations which

contradict prior beliefs.

fundamental attribution error

An unjustified tendency to

assume that a person’s

actions depend on what kind

of person that person is

rather than on the social

environmental forces

influencing the person.

how

high

difference

low

difference

high

interaction

learning

growth

self-organization

stress

conflict

exhaustion

celebration

reinforcement

energy

low productivity

wasted energy

factions

low

interaction

reflection

safety

clearing the decks

isolation

misunderstanding

frustration

comfort

belonging

rest and recovery

boredom

stagnation

death Difference Matrix

Glenda Eoyang HSDI

high

difference

low

difference

high

interaction

move to low difference: Tell a joke.

State a shared value or

belief.

Share personal experience.

Pick a low difference topic.

move to low

interaction: Stop communicating.

Leave the area.

Explain yourself.

Pick a low

communication topic.

low

interaction

move to high

interaction: Ask a question.

Use another medium.

Listen more.

Pick a high communication

topic.

move to high

difference: Amplify little

differences

Play devils advocate

Pick a high difference

topic Difference Matrix

Glenda Eoyang HSDI

who

personal network analysis

From time to time people discuss

important matters with other

people. Looking back over the

past six months, who are the

people with whom you discussed

matters important to you?


Consider the people you

communicate with in order to get

your work done. Of all the

people you have communicated

with during the last six months,

who has been the most important

for getting your work done?


Consider an important project or

initiative that you are involved in.

Consider the people who would be

influential for getting it approved

or obtaining the resources you

need. Who would you talk to, to

get the support you need?


Who do you socialize with?

(spending time with people after

work hours, visiting one another at

home, going to social events, out

for meals and so on) Over the last

6 months, who are the main people

with whom you have socialized

informally?

thank you!

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resources • The Difference: How the Power of Diversity

Creates Better Groups, Firms, Schools, and Societies | Scott Page

• The Wisdom of Crowds | James Surowiecki

• A Whole New Mind | Daniel Pink

• The Medici Effect | Frans Johansson

• The Geography of Thought | Richard Nisbett

resources • Achieving Success Through Social

Capital: Tapping Hidden Resources in Your Personal and Business Network | Wayne E. Baker

• The Whole Brain Business Book Ned Herrmann

• Competitive Advantage Through People: Unleashing the Power of the Work Force | Jeffrey Pfeffer