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This presentations examines the role of 3D printing platforms in open innovation and co-creation with customers
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THE ROLE OF ONLINE 3D PLATFORMS IN OPEN INNOVATION WITH
CUSTOMERSProf. Thierry Rayna
Dr Ludmila Striukova Prof. John Darlington
DDMC 2014
Prof. Thierry Rayna
Professor of Economics at ESG Management School (Paris)
Affiliate Professor at Imperial College London
Associate Editor of Int. J. of Manufacturing Technology and Management
email: [email protected]
Twitter: @ThierryRayna
Open Innovation
Inbound or ‘outside-in’
Outbound or ‘inside-out’
‘Coupled’ = inbound + outbound
Co-Creation
Consumer-related part of Open Innovation
Can take place at all stages of production process
Can involve individuals or communities
Can be autonomous or sponsored
Open Innovation with consumers requires Co-Creation but not all Co-Creation is Open Innovation
Open Innovation, Co-creation & Mass-customisation
Open Innovation
Mass-customisation
Co-creation
© Thierry Rayna 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this worked is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
From Consumers to ProsumersDesign
Manufacturing
Distribution
Minor Significant Leading
Min
orSi
gnifi
cant
Lead
ing
Minor
Significa
nt
Leading
‘Traditional’Production DIY
‘Factory’Outlet
Bespoke Clothing
Codesigned Home 3D Printed
Home 3D Printed
© Thierry Rayna 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this worked is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Typology of Co-creationDifferentiated
Integrated
MassCustom
Crowdfunding
Crowdsourcing
User Manufacturing
Crowd-customisation
Co-design platforms Open SourceIN
PUT
OUTPUT
© Thierry Rayna 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this worked is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
A Study of Online 3D Printing platforms
Original study (2013): 14 platforms
New study (2014): 22 platforms
3D Printing platforms and co-creation
Design
Designsupply
Design hosting
Customisation
Co-creation
Crowd-sourcing
Manufacturing
Printing Home printing
Crowd-sourcing
Crowd
User
designs
designsdesigns
objects objects
Input
Manufactured objects
Designs
Service
Activity
© Thierry Rayna 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this worked is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Taxonomy of Online 3D Printing PlatformsTable 5: Categorising online 3D printing platforms.
Design Manufacturing
Platform Host
ing
(sale
s)
Host
ing
(rep
osi
tory
)
Des
ign
supply
Co-d
esig
nse
rvic
e
Des
ign
crow
dso
urc
ing
Des
ign
cust
omis
atio
n
Pri
nti
ng
serv
ice
Pri
nte
rsa
les
Physi
calst
ore
Pri
nti
ng
crow
dso
urc
ing
1○
3Dagogo + +3D Burrito +3DLT + (+)CubifyCloud + + + + +i.Materialise + + + + +Ponoko + +Sculpteo + + + +Shapeways + + +Trinckle + + +
2○
3DPrintUK +Materialise Onsite +3DCreation Lab + +FastProtos + +iMakr + + + +Makerbot/Thingiverse + + + + +The 3D Printer Experience + + +White Clouds + + + +
3○ 3D Hubs +MakeXYZ +
4○ Additer + +Kraftwurx + +
Maker6 + + + +
1○ Design marketplaces 2○ Printing services3○ Printing marketplaces 4○ Crowdsourcing platforms
sonal 3D printer or using a 3D printing service) or have them printed directlyby the marketplace (six of the nine design marketplaces also operate a printingservice).
The second main category of platforms relates to 3D printing services. Themain purpose of these platforms is to print on demand 3D objects supplied byusers. The resulting objects are then either shipped directly to customers orcould be picked up from the store (for the four platforms that also have ‘brick-and-mortar’ stores). Out of the eight platforms that fall in this category, onlytwo (3DPrintUK and Materialise Onsite) o↵er a ‘pure’ printing service, as theremaining six o↵er complementary services, such as co-design, design repository(Thingiverse) and design supply (White Clouds). Two of these platforms (iMakrand Makerbot) also sell personal 3D printers.
The third group in Table 5 consists of platforms that operate a printingmarketplace service. 3D Hubs and MakeXYZ act as intermediaries betweenindividuals or firms that own a 3D printer and users who want to manufacture
15
Design marketplace
Printing service
Printing marketplaceCrowdsourcing platform
© Thierry Rayna 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this worked is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Print shop
Printing marketplace
Design
marketplace
Printin
g service
Design crowdsourcing
3D HubsMakeXYZ
3DPrintUK
Materialise
-Onsite
3DLT
Cubify
Ponoko
Sculpteo
3Dag
ogo
3DCreationLabFastProtos
iMakrMakerbot3DPrint.Exp.
WhiteCloud
Shapeways
i.Mate
rialis
e
Trinckle
Maker6
Printing crowdsourcing
3DBurrito
AdditerKraftwürx
Design service
© Thierry Rayna 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this worked is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Differentiated
Integrated
MassCustom
Online 3D Printing Platforms and Co-creation
Printing marketplaces3DHubs
MakeXYZ
Printing services
3DPrintUKMakerBot
3DCreationLab
FastProtos
iMakr
3DPrinterExp.
White Cloud
Ponoko3D Burrito
3DLT3Dagogo
Cubify
Sculpteo
i.Materialize
MaterialiseOnSite
Shapeways
Trinckle
Design marketplaces
Crowdsourcing platforms(Kra#würx, Additer)
© Thierry Rayna 2014. Some rights reserved.Except where otherwise noted, this worked is licensed underhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Conclusion
Online 3D Printing Platforms enable to cover most aspects of Open Innovation with Customers
Still weaker on the ‘integrated’ side
Need to develop interfaces enabling collaboration
Special Issue: “3D Printing: The Next Industrial Revolution”
Eds Prof. I. Petrick (Penn State), Prof. T. Rayna (ESGMS), Dr L. Striukova (UCL)
Int. J. of Manufacturing Technology and Management
Deadline extended until May 31