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WTO, Customs Valuation and
Transfer Pricing
Points to discuss:
What is the WTO?
GATT Art. VII
Brussels Definition of Value
Customs Valuation Agreement
Transaction value
Related Parties
Transfer Pricing
The ping pong game
The WTO
Corner stone of the Multilateral Trading
System with agreements covering 3 areas:
Trade in goods
Trade in services
Trade related intellectual property rights
And a dispute settlement system to enforce them!
WTO Agreements
1A
Multilat. Trade
Agrs. on Goods
1B
GATS
1C
TRIPS
2
Dispute Settlem. Undst.
3
Trade Policy
ReviewMech.
4
Plurilat.Agrs.
Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization
Understandings
Multilateral Agreements on:
Agriculture
Sanitary and
Phytosanitary measures
Safeguards
Technical Barriers to Trade
Trade-related investment measures
Antidumping
Customs Valuation
Preshipment inspection
Rules of origin
Import Licensing Procedures
Subsidies and
countervailing measures
Marrakesh Protocol
GATT 1994
1A
Multilat.
Trade
Agrs. on
Goods
WTO Multilateral Trade Agreements on Goods
Value not always required!
To levy a duty, it is normally necessary to know 3 things:
HS NomenclatureTariff
treatment
A duty
• 5%Ad valorem
• $5 per kgSpecific
• 10% + $2 per kgCompound
• 10% or $2 per kg, whichever is higherMixed
• 8.3% + EA MAX 18.7% + AD S/Z“Technical”
Type of duty Example
Types of duties
Transaction Value Method
Identical Goods TV Method
Similar Goods TV Method
Deductive Value Method
Computed Value Method
Fall Back Method
Customs Valuation Methods
1. Price actually paid or payable
2. For the goods
3. When sold for export
4. Adjusted (Art. 8)
“CV of imported goods shall
be the transaction value”
Transaction Value
ONLY those in Article 8 are allowed!
Related-Party Transactions
x
Y
Z
Related-Party Transactions
Keynotes on CV and TP
Customs Valuation and Transfer Pricing
Ping pong game
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank youLeonardo Macedo
Senior Customs Officer / WCO Accredited Expert
