Critical Occupations in the Next Economy

Sally A. Hamilton, Ph. D. LeBow College of Business

Drexel University

The Current Economic Situation

• Forecasts concur that the recession and downturn have bottomed out…. – A huge deficit in jobs still exists compared to pre-recession levels. The U.S. has

lost 5.3 million jobs(-3.8%) and California is down 6.6% over the last four year. – Overall wages have not risen over the last decade.

• Forecasts can’t seem to agree on when the local economy will recover, and

what form that recovery will take. – Some estimates are that California will continue to see labor markets at the

2007 level for at least four more years. • Commercial vacancies are high- 23% in the greater Sacramento area • Over half of all college graduates can’t find employment locally in their

field • Long term unemployment is over 40%

http://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov; http://www.irle.berkeley.edu/cwed;

The Current Labor Market Situation • Regional unemployment has recently dropped slightly, from over 12% to slightly

above 11%. That is good news, but still more than double the rate of 5 years ago. • The California rate is currently 11.5% and the U.S. is 11.5%

• Online job postings • The latest monthly report by the Conference Board said there were 25,600 ads posted in

Sacramento, a nearly 15 percent gain from 22,300 in April 2011. The April total was down slightly from 26,200 ads in March.

• Sacramento went from second nationwide in the number of unemployed per online advertised job vacancy to fourth in the new report, with 4.29 job seekers for every online opening

http://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

10.0%

12.0%

14.0%

Jan-

06

Apr-

06

Jul-0

6

Oct

-06

Jan-

07

Apr-

07

Jul-0

7

Oct

-07

Jan-

08

Apr-

08

Jul-0

8

Oct

-08

Jan-

09

Apr-

09

Jul-0

9

Oct

-09

Jan-

10

Apr-

10

Jul-1

0

Oct

-10

Jan-

11

Apr-

11

Jul-1

1

Oct

-11

Jan-

12

Monthly Unemployment (%)

Sacramento California U.S.

Employment in Sacramento Region Today • Overall employment in the region is increasing, over the last couple of months. Employment

has increased locally in local governments, professional and business services, and professional, scientific and technical services.

• Some industries see continuing declines, including retail, utilities, and transportation. • The year over picture is weaker, with a slight decrease in employment year over year.

Hospitality, recreation, and good services accounted for the majority of this. • There were increases in several sectors year over year, including education and health services.

http://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov

Industry Feb-12 Mar-12 Change Mar-11 Mar-12 Change All Industries 803,000 807,800 4,800 810,900 807,800 -3,100 Total Farm 6,500 6,900 400 7,200 6,900 -300 Total NonFarm 796,500 800,900 4,400 803,700 800,900 -2,800 Mining and Logging 400 400 0 400 400 0 Construction 31,600 31,900 300 33,600 31,900 -1,700 Manufacturing 32,900 32,600 -300 32,600 32,600 0 Trade, Transportation and Utilities 132,600 132,200 -400 130,900 132,200 1,300 Information Services 16,700 16,600 -100 16,800 16,600 -200 Financial Activities 46,900 46,800 -100 46,200 46,800 600 Professional and Business Services 100,400 102,100 1,700 101,300 102,100 800 Education and Health Services 105,100 104,900 -200 101,800 104,900 3,100 Leisure and Hospitality 76,700 77,200 500 82,200 77,200 -5,000 Other Services 27,800 28,500 700 27,600 28,500 900 Government 225,400 227,700 2,300 230,300 227,700 -2,600

The Next Economy

• The Next Economy Task Force has identified key areas of focus for economic growth

• Life Sciences and Health Services • Information and Communications Technology • Advanced Manufacturing • Clean Energy Technology • Agribusiness and Food • Education and Knowledge Creation • Knowledge Intensive Business and Financial Services

• These last two can be viewed as cutting across all other clusters

• These clusters represent combinations of economic and locational strength for our region.

• They also represent opportunities for job growth and increased employment • Based on these clusters, education providers need to be prepared for the

occupations that will see growth and help the workforce to be able to meet the future employment demand

Data source: CSER Next Economy

The Question

• We know that growth in these industry clusters will act as a crucible for further growth across all layers of the occupational pyramid.

• What are the occupations critical to supporting the region’s key economic clusters?

• The educational objective is to meet needs for skilled, solid employment that will generate job growth throughout the workforce spectrum.

Projections for Sacramento Region

Occupational Title Percent growth

rate, 10 yrs Annual New

Jobs Annual Replacement

Needs Annual Total

Jobs Median Annual Salary

Total, All Occupations 10.5 11,018 22,330 33,348 $39,567 Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations 24.8 1,020 845 1,865 $81,557

Healthcare Support Occupations 27.0 557 243 800 $29,645

Computer and Mathematical Occupations 14.4 438 541 979 $76,177 Business and Financial Operations Occupations 11.3 735 1,303 2,038 $59,762 Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations 18.7 272 416 688 $67,419 Education, Training, and Library Occupations 15.1 1,116 1,599 2,715 $50,420 Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations 13.1 965 2,625 3,590 $19,446 Architecture and Engineering Occupations 10.9 209 381 590 $82,718

http://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov

Health and Life Sciences Occupations Acupuncturists Anesthesiologists Exercise Physiologists Bacteriologists Behavioral Health Technicians Biochemists Biological Scientists Biological Technicians Biomaterials Engineers Biomedical Engineers Biomedical Equipment Technicians Medical Researchers Cardiologists Chemists Child and Family Counselors Chiropractors Dietitians Laboratory Technologists and Technicians Counselors Surgeons Dentists, Dental Surgeons Diagnostic Related Technologists and Technicians Dietitians and Nutritionists Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Life Scientists Medical and Health Services Managers Health Information Technicians Medical Scientists Laboratory Technologists Nurse Practitioners Respiratory Therapy Technicians Epidemiologists Family and General Practitioners Forensic Psychologists Health Diagnosing and Treating Practitioners Health Educators Health Practitioner Support Technologists and Technicians Social Workers Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapists, Assistants and Aides Optometrists Pharmacists Public Health Officials Psychologists Registered Nurses- all specialties

Health and Life Sciences

Occupation Annual growth rate %

Annual new jobs

Annual replacement

Total Annual Job Growth

Annual Wages

Education and Training Levels

Occupational and Physical Therapists 4.2 11 20 31 $145,938 Professional Dentists 1.7 22 28 50 $126,985 Professional Pharmacists 1.8 22 19 41 Professional Physicians and Surgeons 1.9 3 2 5 $50,858 Professional

Chiropractors 2.1 3 2 5 $50,858 Professional Psychiatrists 2.3 5 4 9 $50,858 Professional

Surgeons 2.5 24 15 39 $165,516 Professional Family and General Practitioners 2.9 15 9 24 $94,973 Professional Anesthesiologists 2.9 4 6 10 $90,467 Professional Optometrists 2.9 8 5 13 Professional Medical Scientists 4.7 77 33 110 $87,787 Professional Mental Social Workers 1.4 9 14 23 $41,471 Master’s Mental Health Counselors 1.7 13 14 27 $60,126 Master’s Speech-Language Pathologists 2.2 17 13 30 $75,765 Master’s Counselors 2.4 8 7 15 $30,818 Master’s Occupational Therapists 3.0 16 10 26 $88,138 Master’s Physical Therapists 3.3 33 12 45 $86,545 Master’s Medical and Health Services Managers 1.9 39 40 79 $98,459 Bachelors Plus Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists 1.7 12 13 25 $62,969 Bachelors Dietitians and Nutritionists 2.3 12 18 30 $67,901 Bachelors Medical and Public Health Social Workers 2.4 12 13 25 $62,106 Bachelors

Health and Life Sciences

Occupation Annual growth rate %

Annual new jobs

Annual replacement

Total Annual Job Growth

Annual Wages

Education and Training Levels

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians 1.6 18 20 38 $41,903 Associates Diagnostic Medical Sonographers 1.7 4 3 7 $82,572 Associates Radiologic Technologists and Technicians 2.2 19 12 31 $72,687 Associates Medical Records and Health Information Technicians 2.3 16 13 29 $40,198 Associates Registered Nurses 2.6 393 261 654 $92,678 Associates Respiratory Therapists 2.6 20 13 33 $70,015 Associates Dental Hygienists 3.8 67 36 103 $94,088 Associates Physical Therapist Assistants 3.9 9 3 12 $56,441 Associates Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Workers, 2.0 14 15 29 $50,117 Voc Ed Health Technologists and Technicians 2.1 64 93 157 $54,611 Voc Ed Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses 2.2 31 19 50 $35,985 Voc Ed Massage Therapists 2.8 161 76 237 $35,226 Voc Ed Opticians, Dispensing 1.8 52 60 112 $37,963 OJT Social and Human Service Assistants 3.2 46 36 82 $38,867 OJT Pharmacy Technicians 3.6 101 31 132 $29,365 OJT Dental Assistants 3.9 7 5 12 $41,239 OJT Medical Equipment Repairers 1.7 28 17 45 $35,487 OJT Healthcare Support Workers 1.9 5 3 8 $33,829 OJT Nursing Aides, Orderlies, and Attendants 2.0 10 6 16 $27,875 OJT Home Health Aides 4.6 12 4 16 $23,887 OJT

Information and Communications Technology Occupations

• Database and Systems Administrators and Network Architects

• Administrators, Computer Systems Hardware

• Architects, Computer Network • Computer Support Specialists • Computer User Support

Specialists • Computer Network Support

Specialists • Computer Laboratory Technicians • Mathematical Science

Occupations • Health Informatics

• Computer and Information Research Scientists

• Computational Theory Scientists • Computer and Information

Analysts • Analysts, Information Security • Software Developers and

Programmers • Architects, Computer Systems

Software • Designers, Web • Computer Hardware Designers • Computer Hardware Engineers

Information and Communications Technology

Occupation Annual growth rate %

Annual new jobs

Annual replacement

Total Annual Job Growth

Annual Wages

Education and Training Levels

Computer and Information Systems Managers 1.2 23 31 54 $109,870 Bachelors Computer and Mathematical Occupations 1.4 438 541 979 $76,177

Certification/ Associates

Computer Software Engineers, Applications 2.9 96 28 124 $82,742

Certification/ Associates

Computer Software Engineers, Systems Software 1.8 77 35 112 $89,750

Certification/ Associates

Database Administrators 1.6 12 12 24 $71,901 Certification/

Associates Network and Computer Systems Administrators 1.9 38 32 70 $74,018

Certification/ Associates

Network Systems and Data Communications Analysts 4.4 70 29 99 $72,505

Certification/ Associates

Advanced Manufacturing

• A survey of U.S. manufacturing employers found that 80 percent of respondents said that they had a serious problem finding qualified candidates for the highly technical world of modern manufacturing. (National Association of Manufacturers) http://www.doleta.gov/brg/indprof/Manufacturing_profile.cfm

• Jobs in the Advanced Manufacturing industry require a variety of skill sets. • Workers need the production skills to set up, operate, monitor and control

the manufacturing process. • They need the process design and development skills to continuously

improve production processes. • They need skills in health and safety to maintain a safe work environment. • They need skills in maintenance, installation and repair to maintain and

optimize complex equipment and systems. • They need knowledge of supply chain logistics in order to plan and monitor

the movement and storage of materials and products. • Finally, manufacturing workers need skills in quality assurance and

continuous improvement to ensure that products and processes meet quality requirements.

Advanced Manufacturing Occupations

• Logisticians • Operations Research Analysts • Analysts, Operations • Aerospace/Aeronautical Engineers • Chemists and Chemical Engineers • Electrical and Electronics Engineers • Circuit Design Engineers • Efficiency Engineers • Metal Engineers • Mechanical Engineers

• Mining and Geological Engineers

• Electro-Mechanical Technicians

• Industrial Engineers • Drafters, Engineering Technicians,

and Mapping Technicians • Industrial Engineering Technicians • Plant and System Operators • Ceramic Scientists • Crude Testers • Assembly Line Supervisors • Assemblers and Fabricators • Metal Workers and Plastic Workers • Machinists • Petroleum Engineers

Advanced Manufacturing

Occupation Annual growth rate

Annual new jobs

Annual replacement

Total Annual Job Growth Annual Wages

Education and Training Levels

Engineers 1.1 140 251 391 $86,679 Bachelors Mathematical Scientists 1.3 22 50 72 $71,205 Masters Operations Research Analysts 1.3 21 46 67 $71,205 Masters

Geoscientists 1.9 12 20 32 $73,179 Masters Management Analysts 1.2 75 110 185 $66,339 Bachelors Plus Civil Engineers 1.6 71 75 146 $97,149 Bachelors

Purchasing Agents 1.7 26 41 67 $56,060 Bachelors Mechanical Engineers 1.1 9 23 32 $83,285 Bachelors Logisticians 1.9 7 8 15 $72,722 Bachelors Industrial Engineers 1.7 6 9 15 $76,679 Bachelors Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Commercial and Industrial Equipment 1.7 4 4 8 $74,949 Voc Ed Production Workers 1.5 10 15 25 $27,623 OJT Mixing and Blending Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders 1.8 9 9 18 $30,512 OJT Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders 1.3 1 3 4 $29,205 OJT

Clean Energy Technology • In July, President Obama’s Council of Economic Advisors released a report

saying that the stimulus package had saved or created over 330 000 clean-energy jobs in the first half of this year. Those jobs mainly went to electricians, solar photovoltaic installers, wind-turbine technicians, etc.

• The Clean Edge survey, which was published last October, found that the top five clean-tech jobs sectors are solar, biofuels and biomaterials, conservation and efficiency, the smart grid, and wind power.

• An entry-level geothermal power engineer gets a median salary of about US $71 800.

• The median salary for a midlevel hardware design engineer in the smart-grid industry is $87 700, while a midlevel design engineer in solar PV made $65 000. http://spectrum.ieee.org/at-work/tech-careers/renewable-energy-renewable-jobs

Clean Energy Technology Occupations

• Industrial Engineer • Industrial Production Managers • Landscape Architect • LEED Accredited Professionals • Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineers • Power System Operations and Engineering • Solar and PV Installation • Solar Energy Engineer and Systems Design • Solar Inverter Systems Engineer • Solar Lab Plant Operations • Solar Systems Installer • Solar/PV Fabrication, Installation & Testing • Sustainable Assemblers • Water and Wastewater Management and

Engineering

• Alternative Fuel and Hybrid Technician • Architect - Green Building and Design • Plant Operations • Civil Engineer/Civil Engineering Technician • Control System Applications Engineer • Electrical/Electronic Engineer/Technician • Energy Engineer/Energy Infrastructure

Engineer • Energy Manager and Analyst • Environmental Engineer or Technician • Environmental Health and Safety

Managers • Green Building Construction and Design • Hazardous Materials Removal Worker

Clean Energy Technology

Occupation Annual growth rate %

Annual new jobs

Annual replacement

Total Annual Job Growth Annual Wages

Education and Training Levels

Engineering Managers 1.3 17 27 44 $121,209 Bachelors Plus Environmental Scientists and Specialists 1.4 27 55 82 $75,875 Bachelors Environmental Engineers 2.3 11 10 21 $80,485 Bachelors

Architects 1.2 14 19 33 $90,778 Bachelors Engineers 1.1 140 251 391 $86,679 Bachelors Environmental Engineering Technicians 2.4 5 4 9 $47,099 Voc Ed

Mechanics and Installers 1.9 20 18 38 $45,506 OJT Water and Waste Treatment Plant and System Operators 2.3 13 13 26 $61,964 OJT Hazardous Materials Removal Workers 1.2 2 5 7 $37,067 OJT Refuse and Recyclable Material Collectors 1.6 21 37 58 $41,740 OJT Electrical Installers and Repairers 1.4 5 13 18 $83,121 OJT Power Plant Operators 1.2 2 6 8 $80,159 OJT

Agriculture and Food Occupations • Agrichemical specialist • Agricultural Engineer • Agricultural Mechanic or Technician • Biological Engineer • Commodity Buyer • Crop consultant • Crop Insurance • Entomologist • Environmental scientist • Extension officer • Farm manager • Feed Production • Fisheries scientist • Food broker • Food Processing • Food technology specialist • Forest science specialist • Grain Merchandiser • Greenhouse manager • Greenhouse technician • Integrated pest management • Irrigations technologist

• Mechanical Engineer • Nursery operator • Organic certification • Organic chemist • Organic dairy production • Organic food processing • Organic product development • Organic researcher • Pest controller • Plant and animal breeding specialist • Plant and animal nutritionist • Plant Manager • Plant Pathology biologist • Precision Ag Technician • Research technologist • Sales • Seed producer • Soil chemist • Soil conservationist • Soil microbiologist • Weed scientist • Wetland specialist

Agriculture and Food

Occupation Annual growth rate

Annual new jobs

Annual replacement

Total Annual Job Growth

Annual Wages

Education and Training Levels

Natural Sciences Managers 1.8 11 18 29 $101,657 Bachelors Plus Hydrologists 0.7 1 4 5 $98,142 Master’s Chemists 0.4 3 28 31 $63,818 Master’s

Conservation Scientists 0.5 2 4 6 $68,805 Bachelors Plus Biological Scientists, All Other 2.0 8 11 19 $72,808 Bachelors Soil and Plant Scientists 2.0 5 9 14 $74,940 Bachelors Food Scientists and Technologists 2.7 3 4 7 $75,020 Bachelors Engineering Technicians 1.3 6 9 15 $55,102 Associates Farm Equipment Mechanics 1.7 2 2 4 $40,464 Voc Ed Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations 1.3 965 2,625 3,590 $19,446 OJT Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers 1.9 278 309 587 $18,946 OJT Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop 1.3 28 152 180 $19,207 OJT Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers 1.6 7 14 21 $26,635 OJT Food Processing Workers 1.2 37 90 127 $24,000 OJT Agricultural Workers, All Other 0.4 2 7 9 $27,679 OJT

Role of Education in Supporting the Next Economy

• How can educators support and help meet the occupational needs of the Next Economy?

• Success will be comprised of a partnership between employers, K-12 education, vocational education and community colleges, and public and private universities and colleges.

• Focus. Pick a given cluster or occupational area and focus on improving outcomes in those areas, matching occupations to your key competencies.

• Be nimble. Be able to cut across bureaucracy to address needs quickly.

Role of Education in Supporting the Next Economy

• A key success factor is the ability of educators and educational institutions to provide students with experiential education.

• To do this, educators need to actively and genuinely engage in the world around them, provide solid leadership, and work across silos to build partnerships for success.

Appendix

Business and Financial Services Occupations

• Business Operations Specialists • Claims Adjusters, Appraisers, Examiners, and Investigators • Financial Specialists • Accountants and Auditors • Appraisers and Assessors • Budget Analysts • Credit Analysts • Financial Analysts and Advisors • Analysts, Insurance • Financial Examiners • Bank Examiners • Credit Counselors and Loan Officers • Agents, Mortgage Loan • Tax Examiners, Collectors and Preparers, and Revenue Agents • Financial Specialists, Miscellaneous • Actuaries • Financial Clerks

Knowledge Intensive Business Services

Occupation Annual growth rate %

Annual new jobs

Annual replacement

Total Annual Job Growth Annual Wages

Education and Training Levels

Financial Specialists 1.1 273 421 694 $65,393 Masters Business Operations Specialists 1.1 462 882 1,344 $68,223 Masters Market Research Analysts 2.2 31 39 70 $60,653 Masters Loan Counselors 2.7 3 1 4 $42,400 Bachelors Personal Financial Advisors 2.2 53 25 78 $49,967 Bachelors Employment, Recruitment, and Placement Specialists 1.8 19 27 46 $50,536 Bachelors Credit Analysts 1.4 6 7 13 $56,031 Bachelors Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists 2.0 16 22 38 $61,608 Bachelors Cost Estimators 1.9 35 41 76 $61,670 Bachelors Accountants and Auditors 1.5 104 114 218 $63,553 Bachelors

Human Resources, Training, and Labor Relations Specialists, All Other 1.9 42 55 97 $63,842 Bachelors Financial Examiners 4.6 5 2 7 $67,704 Bachelors Budget Analysts 1.4 13 15 28 $68,243 Bachelors Financial Analysts 1.8 27 27 54 $73,329 Bachelors Billing and Posting Clerks and Machine Operators 1.4 36 44 80 $33,760 OJT Bill and Account Collectors 1.7 43 48 91 $33,835 OJT

Procurement Clerks 1.2 3 10 13 $41,106 OJT

Education and Knowledge Creation

• Postsecondary Teachers- includes college professors, professional schools • Fellows, Teaching • Vocational Educators • Military Science Teachers • Preschool, Primary, Secondary, and Special Education School Teachers • Adult Basic and Secondary Education and Literacy Teachers and Instructors • Self-Enrichment Education Teachers • Citizenship Teachers • Public Relations • Interpreters • Librarians

Education and Knowledge Creation

Occupation Annual growth rate %

Annual new jobs

Annual replacement

Total Annual Job Growth Annual Wages

Education and Training Levels

Postsecondary Teachers 1.7 263 276 539 $81,198 Doctorate Librarians, Curators, and Archivists 1.0 13 46 59 $66,012 Master’s Survey Researchers 3.0 8 7 15 $35,592 Masters Primary, Secondary, and Special Education School Teachers 1.4 511 864 1,375 $59,300 Bachelors Plus Other Teachers and Instructors 1.9 135 107 242 $34,692 Bachelors Plus Training and Development Specialists 1.9 22 30 52 $57,568 Bachelors

Education Administrators 2.7 8 9 17 $80,306 Bachelors

Public Relations Specialists 2.1 51 59 110 $71,126 Bachelors Social Science Research Assistants 2.0 4 9 13 $38,082 Voc Ed

Interpreters and Translators 2.2 15 17 32 $38,209 OJT