Upload
shimizu-printing-inc
View
1.135
Download
4
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Comparison of Paper-‐book and E-‐book by the scale of carbon footprint
Dr. SHIMIZU, HirokazuPresident, SHIMIZU PRINTING INC.
Visiting Senior Researcher, Waseda University Environmental Research InstituteExpert, ISO130 (Graphic technology) WG11 (Environmental impact on printed matters)
1
2
Today’s presentation1.Motivation of the study2.System boundary of the study3.Carbon calculation of Paper-‐book (P-‐book)4.Carbon calculation of E-‐book5.Sensitivity analysis6.Conclusion and discussion7.Expected role for ISO130 WG11
Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
3
1.Motivation of the study
3-‐reason to start discussion about E-‐book1. To find real environmental impact
•Review suspicious look at commonly-‐accepted idea that E-‐book has less load compared to P-‐book
2.To defend ourselves from one-‐sided claim •E-‐organization prepares E-‐book quantification method
which might have negative influence on our industry3.To show presence of printing industry
•Many LCA experts in E-‐industry are skilled at calculating environmental impact, so we should counteract
Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
4
2.System boundary of the studyWorkflow of E-‐book and P-‐book
Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
Raw material Acquisition
Data creation Printing Book
binding
Deliver to warehouse and
storesNA
Incineration (22%) and
recycle (78%)
Raw material Acquisition
Data creation
Data management(E-book preparation)
Server operation Elec. use
for down-loading
andreading
E-book device is partly recycled
and wasted
Material input, production and distribution for E-book
Raw material acquisition
Production Distribution Use Disposal & Recycle
P-bo
okE-
book
5
3.Carbon calculation of P-book
Specification of P-‐book1.Size: B5 (127.0mm*188.0mm*14.0mm)2.Pages: 4P+224P3. Copy: 5000 copies, 3000 sold in
6-‐month and the rest returned to publisher’s warehouse
4.Substrate: Coated paper for jacket, Coated cardboard for cover, Fine paper for text
5. Books at home are incinerated (22%) and recycled (78%) at the end
Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
127.0mm18
8.0m
m
14.0mm
6
3.Carbon calculation of P-book (cont’d)Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
CO2e from “Raw material acquisition”
Ink: 63.396kg-CO2eSubstrate: 1691.181kg-CO2e
Dampening: 3.597kg-CO2e
Plate: 101.577kg-CO2e Glue: 10.697kg-CO2e
Polypropylene: 18.741kg-CO2e
Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
3.Carbon calculation of P-book (cont’d)CO2e from “Data creation”
7
Transportation: 6.556kg-CO2e
Meeting: 3.928kg-CO2eWriting: 53.456kg-CO2e
Designing: 14.514kg-CO2eImage editing: 2.419kg-CO2e
Proofreading: 9.392kg-CO2e
Scenario created by TASHIRO, Masashi
Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
3.Carbon calculation of P-book (cont’d)CO2e from “printing & book-‐binding”
8
Press(jacket): 48.313kg-CO2e CtP: 9.728kg-CO2ePress(cover): 45.439kg-CO2ePress(text): 242.343kg-CO2e
Guillotine: 18.865-CO2eFolding: 59.291kg-CO2ePerfect-binding: 111.166kg-CO2e
PP lamination: 16.214kg-CO2e
Waseda University Environmental Research Institute3.Carbon calculation of P-book (cont’d)CO2e from “Distribution”
9
Delivery: 243.599kg-CO2e Wrapping paper: 5.814kg-CO2e
Printing Factory
Publisher’s Warehouse
Agent-A
Agent-B
Agent-C
Agent-D
Agent-E
Tokyo(50stores) Saitama(10stores) Chiba(10stores)
Utsunomiya(10stores) Fukushima(10stores) Sendai(10stores)
Tokyo(30stores) Saitama(15stores) Chiba(15stores)
Nagoya(20stores) Osaka(15stores) Hakata(15stores)
Tokyo(15stores) Osaka(10stores)
Tokyo(5stores) Nagoya(5stores)
Agent-F ALL(1wholesale)
Logistics of P-books (from printing factory to book stores)
67.3km
36.3
km26
.2km
21.5km
18.8km24.0km37.4km
20-book are delivered to each store, 100-book for a wholesale
Waseda University Environmental Research Institute3.Carbon calculation of P-book (cont’d)CO2e from “Disposal & Recycle”
10
Transportation (garbage): 18.354kg-CO2e Incineration: 7.079kg-CO2e
5000-book3000-book sold
2000-book returned
660-book incinerated
2340-book recycled
2000-book recycled100%, 1199.592kg
60%, 719.755kg
40%, 479.837kg
13.2%(22%), 158.346kg
46.8%(78%), 561.409kg
40%, 479.837kg
Transportation (paper recycle): 29.248kg-CO2eTransportation (Al recycle): 0.880kg-CO2e
Transportation (paper recycle): 61.179kg-CO2e
Breakdown of 5000-book (sold/returned, incinerated/recycled)
11
3.Carbon calculation of P-book (cont’d)Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
CO2e summary (2896.964kg-‐CO2e, 579g-‐CO2e/copy)
P-book (5000)
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Material Data creation Printing/bindingDistribution Disp&Rec
kg-CO2e
65.2% 19.0%3.1% 8.6% 4.0%
Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
4.Carbon calculation of E-book
12
Specification of E-‐book1.Size: Device dependable2.Data size: 1MB3. Copy: 3000 downloads in 6-‐month 4.Substrate: Digital5. CO2e from Raw material acquisition
to Disposal/Recycle is considered by the case of i-‐Pad use
13
4. Carbon calculation of E-book (cont’d)
CO2e from “Data creation”1. “Data creation” process is the same as P-‐book2. 90.264kg-‐CO2e ÷ 3000 DLs = 0.030kg-‐CO2e/copy
CO2e from “Data management”1. Data preparation for e-‐book2. (0.110kW+0.320kw+0.500kW)×2h×0.479kg-‐CO2e/
kWh ÷ 3000 DLs = 0.000297kg-‐CO2e/copy
Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
14
4. Carbon calculation of E-book (cont’d)
CO2e from “Server operation”1. “ICT hosting service” by Nihon Unisys which is
registered as CFP service is utilized2. Server : Intel Xeon 2GHz Single Core+Memory 1GB3. Storage: 50GB4. 3420kg-‐CO2e/yr. ÷ (6-‐month/12-‐month) ×
(1,048,576/53,687,091,200) ÷ 3000DLs= 0.0000111kg-‐CO2e/copy
Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
1MB=1,048,576 bytes1GB=1,073,741,824 bytes
15
4. Carbon calculation of E-book (cont’d)Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
CO2e from “E-‐book device”1. “iPad2 (WiFi & 4GB model)” is utilized2. 180kg-‐CO2e ÷ 3-‐year ÷ 730h/yr.× 3-‐hour (to finish
reading)= 0.247kg-‐CO2e/copy
Item CO2e (kg-CO2e)
Manufacturing 120.6
Use 45.0
Transportation 10.8
Recycle 3.6
Recycle2%
Transportation6%
Use25%
Manufacutring67%
Reference: iPad Environmental Report, Apple
16
4.Carbon calculation of E-book (cont’d)Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
CO2e summary (277g-‐CO2e/copy)
E-book (3000)
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Data creation Data managementServer operation E-book device
kg-CO2e/copy
94.3%5.7%
17
5.Sensitivity analysisWaseda University Environmental Research Institute
CO2e summary comparison
P-book (5000)
E-book (3000)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Data creation Material/DeviceBook production/Server Others
kg-CO2e/copy
P-book (579g-CO2e/copy) vs E-book (277g-CO2e/copy)
-52.2%
18
5.Sensitivity analysis (cont’d)Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
Different scenarios for iPad user behavior
iPad usage h./day 2.00h 1.00h 0.75h 0.50hCO2e for iPad/yr. 60.0kg-CO2e 52.5kg-CO2e 50.6kg-CO2e 48.8kg-CO2e
iPad usage h./yr. 730.00h 365.00h 273.75h 182.50hCO2e for iPad/h. 0.082kg-CO2e 0.144kg-CO2e 0.185kg-CO2e 0.267kg-CO2e
reading h. for reading 3 ho our CO2e from iPad 0.247kg-CO2e 0.432kg-CO2e 0.555kg-CO2e 0.802kg-CO2e
CO2e from others 0.030kg-CO2e 0.030kg-CO2e 0.030kg-CO2e 0.030kg-CO2e
CO2e of E-book 277g-CO2e 462g-CO2e 585g-CO2e 832g-CO2e
% to basic scenario 100% 166.8% 211.2% 300.4%
19
5.Sensitivity analysis (cont’d)Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
Different scenarios for iPad user behavior
0
150
300
450
600
750
900
iPad 2h/day iPad 1h/day iPad 0.75h/day iPad 0.5h/day
277g-CO2e
462g-CO2e
585g-CO2e
832g-CO2e
E-book (g-CO2e) P-Book(g-CO2e)
579g-CO2e
20
6. Conclusions and DiscussionsConclusions
1.E-‐book is not superior compared to P-‐book all the time by the scale of CO2e
2.Key element is the calculation of the load from E-‐book device
Discussions1.How to average usage hours of E-‐book device?2.How to average reading speed of E-‐book?
Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
21
7. Expected role for ISO130 WG11What we have to think and do
1. We should try to collect information periodically from IEC (TA13? is tasked to set E-‐book related standard) and find a way to work together if possible; it will be Nakamura’s task since TA13 is controlled by Japanese manufacturers.
2.We might propose calculation scheme for E-‐book; it means that we suggest calculation framework, such as scenario setting about “How to compare two of those?”, not detailed assessment methods for electronic devices.
3.We can work on case-‐study for different printed products in the near future to compare Paper-‐products to E-‐products and publicize in appendix of 16759 or special edition of the report at the very least.
Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
22
Waseda University Environmental Research Institute
Thank you for your attention.You can have a look at this presentation file:
http://www.slideshare.net/ShimizuHiro/edit_my_uploadsSHIMIZU PRINTING web site:
http://www.shzpp.co.jp