Chemical Bonding and Oxygen

Consumption in SportsBy: Amy McBride

What is hemoglobin?

•Hemoglobin is a protein-based component of red blood cells which is mostly responsible for moving oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-hemoglobin.htm

www.walgreens.com/library/careguides/careguide.jsp?docid=00021...

How is hemoglobin important in the transport of oxygen to our bodies?

•Hemoglobin is a protein that has metal in it which helps it to transport oxygen•Hemoglobin has four major parts to it and each has an iron atom bound•Each iron atom can be oxidized when bound with a molecule of oxygen

http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/mole00/mole00765.htm

www.buzzle.com/articles/low-hemoglobin-levels.html

Why is the transport of oxygen by hemoglobin a real-life example of chemical bonding?

• It is a real-life example of chemical bonding because in each of the four parts of hemoglobin there is a bound iron atom

www.miracleofthebloodandheart.com/5.htm

How is hemoglobin related to a successful climb to the top of Mt. Everest?

www.travelwires.com/wp/2009/04/qatar-airways-backs-everest-mou...

•Hemoglobin would relate to the successful climbing of a mountain because when going up into high altitudes the concentration of hemoglobin is known to increase

http://www.case.edu/affil/tibet/booksAndPapers/Hemoglobin%20Conc-Tibetans.pdf

What does pH have to do with the transport of oxygen by hemoglobin?

www.stepfast.org/tencommandments.html

•When you exercise the metabolic activity is higher and more acids are produced and local pH becomes lower than normal•Low pH makes the attraction between hemoglobin and oxygen decrease which makes hemoglobin release more oxygen

http://health.howstuffworks.com/sports-physiology10.htm

What is blood doping?

http://www.bicycle.net/2009/italian-prosecutor-demanding-two-year-ban-for-valverde

•Blood doping is the act of boosting the amount of red blood cells into the bloodstream to enhance athletic performance

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_doping

What is the difference between autologous and homologous blood doping?

•There are two types of blood doping•Homologous transfusion is when the blood comes from another person•Autologous transfusion is when the persons own blood is taken, stored, and later rein fused

http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=features/2004/blood_doping

What is EPO and why is it used?

•EPO is a glycoprotein hormone that controls red blood cells•It is used to help heal wounds

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythropoietinhttp://www.vet.uga.edu/VPP/CLERK/strait/fig01.jpg

What are the medical uses of blood doping?

• Artificial oxygen carriers are the only form of blood doping that has medical use

• Was developed for emergencies where there is no time to determine blood type, there is a risk of infection, or no other blood is available

http://www.teachpe.com/drugs/doping.php

Why is blood doping used in sport?

www.ehow.com/how_2300136_build-cycling-endurance.html

http://www.kidzworld.com/article/1832-blood-doping-in-sports-athletes-cheating

•Blood doping is used in sport of high endurance such as running or cycling •It is used because it increases the number of red blood cells in the body which gives more oxygen to muscles and gives the athlete an advantage

Documented example of blood doping used in sport #1

• In 2003 Alexandre Vinokourov was tested for blood doping and the result was positive in the Toure de France

http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/cycling/6914301.stm

Documented example of blood doping used in sport #2

• Switzerland - Spanish cyclist Alejandro Valverde has to go to two court hearings over allegations that he was blood doping to help improve his athletic performance

http://blog.taragana.com/sports/2009/12/15/cas-to-examine-alleged-blood-doping-by-spanish-cyclist-alejandro-valverde-over-2-court-cases-56511/

hhtvlive.ning.com/

Side effects of blood doping

repairstemcell.wordpress.com/tag/cell/http://www.ehow.com/facts_5565127_blood-doping-side-effects.html

•Rare blood thickening disease called polycythemia Vera •Blood clots•Enlarged spleen•Skin reddening•Stomach/peptic ulcers•Gout•Kidney stones