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Antiterrorism Level I Refresher Training
AT Level I Training
Requirements• Individual terrorism awareness training• Active duty service members
– Annually– AOR update within 60 days of deployment
• OCONUS DoD personnel– Annually
• CONUS civilians & Family members 14+– Annually if terrorism threat level raised to
“Moderate”– Annually if eligible for OCONUS government travel
Knowledge to remain vigilant for possible terrorist actions and employ personal protection AT Measures
AT Training Level
Front Line Commanders
AnnualLevel ILevel I
Level IILevel II
Level IIILevel III
AnnualAnnualAwareness TrainingAwareness Training
AT OfficersAT Officers
PrePre--commandcommand
OO--5/O5/O--66
Level IVLevel IV Senior CommandersSenior Commanders
Staff OfficersStaff Officers
All PersonnelAll PersonnelLevel ILevel I
Level IILevel II
Level IIILevel III
AnnualAnnualAwareness TrainingAwareness Training
AnnualAwareness TrainingAwareness Training
AT OfficersAT OfficersAT OfficersAT OfficersAT OfficersAT Officers
PrePre--commandcommand
OO--5/O5/O--66
PrePre--commandcommand
OO--5/O5/O--66
Level IVLevel IV Senior CommandersSenior Commanders
DoD’s Definition of
Terrorism
“The calculated use of violence or threat of violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological.”
DoD O-2000.12-H
Determine The Threat
• Are there any terrorist groups in my area?• Are they violent?• Do they attack Americans?• How active are they?• How sophisticated are they? • How do they operate—are they predictable• Will the local population warn Americans?• What tactics, weapons, and types of attacks
Eight threat factors to consider when determining the threat
Terrorist Profile
• male• 20s• single• urban• well-educated• middle or upper-class
Terrorist Tactics
• bombings• assassination• kidnapping• hijacking• ambush
• armed assault• incendiary attacks• street actions/tactics• sieges and
occupations• robberies
Target Selection
Victim of location
Victim of association
Target of opportunity
Importance
By Name
Recognition
DOD Terrorism Threat Levels
IncreasingThreat
Low
High
Significant
Moderate
Consider aterrorist group’s:
• Existence• Capability• History• Intentions• Targeting
Fuse local information
with Threat
intel
Local Threat Picture
Local initiative is needed to fill gaps in threat picture
U.S. CommandObservers
Status:Permanent –UniformedTemporarySponsored
Fitness:PositionTrainingMaturity
Skills
Local Info Channels
Local Authorities
Local Business
Local Employees
Media
LocalCitizenry
Local Community
Attitudestoward
US Forces
Patterns ofNormal Activities
Arrival ofnew threats
Deterrenceperceptions
Indicators of mission effectiveness
Indicatorsof changingconditions
U.S. CommandObservers
Status:Permanent –UniformedTemporarySponsored
Fitness:PositionTrainingMaturity
Skills
U.S. CommandObservers
Status:Permanent –UniformedTemporarySponsored
Fitness:PositionTrainingMaturity
Skills
Local Info Channels
Local Authorities
Local Business
Local Employees
Media
LocalCitizenry
Local Info Channels
Local Authorities
Local Business
Local Employees
Media
LocalCitizenry
Local Community
Attitudestoward
US Forces
Patterns ofNormal Activities
Arrival ofnew threats
Deterrenceperceptions
Indicators of mission effectiveness
Indicatorsof changingconditions
Local Community
Attitudestoward
US Forces
Patterns ofNormal Activities
Arrival ofnew threats
Deterrenceperceptions
Indicators of mission effectiveness
Local Community
Attitudestoward
US Forces
Patterns ofNormal Activities
Arrival ofnew threats
Deterrenceperceptions
Indicators of mission effectiveness
Indicatorsof changingconditions
Force Protection Conditions
IncreasingProtection
Normal
Charlie
Bravo
Alpha
Delta
IncreasingProtection
Normal
Charlie
Bravo
Alpha
Delta
Normal
Charlie
Bravo
Alpha
Delta
FPCON Normal
• When there is a general global threat of possible terrorist activity exists, and warrants a routine security posture– A terrorist attack is always
possible– Best information available
offers no indication of probable attack
Expect to see a routinesecurity posture
FPCON Alpha
• When there is a increased general threat of possible activity against personnel and facilities, the nature and terrorist extent of which are unpredictable.– General conditions suggest
possible violence– Nothing indicates that this
installation is targeted– Must be capable of being
maintained indefinitely
Expect random vehicle checks and increased crime prevention efforts
FPCON Bravo
• When an increased or more predictable threat of terrorist activity exists.– Specific information
suggests probable violence
– Nothing indicates that this installation is targeted
– Extra precaution is appropriate to deter terrorist planning
– Must be capable of being maintained for weeks without hardship
Expect to see closer inspection ofvehicles and deliveries, ID checks,and a greater presence of guards
on your installation
FPCON Charlie
• When an incident occurs or intelligence is received indicating some form of terrorist action or targeting against personnel or facilities is likely.– Evidence of terrorist attack
planning, such as terrorist surveillance or reports from local sources
– Strong protective measures are required, but the unit must continue its regular mission activities
– Implemented for only a short period of time
Expect rigorous efforts to inspectvehicles and facilities, and you maybe required to participate in special
guard duties
FPCON Delta
• When a terrorist attack has occurred or when intelligence has been received that indicates terrorist action against a specific location is imminent – Normally, Force Protection
Condition Delta is declared as a localized warning
– The installation moves to a high state of alert, and commander implements mandatory security measures
– Commanders encouraged to supplement mandatory security measures
Additional security measuresdelay and interrupt normal routines
Random Antiterrorism
MeasuresForce Protection Condition plus random
antiterrorism measures
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturdayday Sun
Randomvehicle
inspections IDchecks
Roll outquick-reaction
forceID
checks
Close gate,place
barriers Randomvehicle
inspections
AT Program Overview
Integrated AT program
ThreatThreatAssessmentAssessment
VulnerabilityVulnerabilityAssessmentAssessment
AT PlanAT Plan
ExercisesExercises
AT ProgramAT ProgramReviewReview
TrainingTraining
ATATReadinessReadiness
Self Protective Measures
• Overcome routines– Vary routes and times to and from work– Exercise (jog) on different routes/times and
don’t exercise alone– Vary times/places for shopping, lunch, and
other appointments– Enter/exit buildings through different doors– Don’t divulge family/personal info to
strangers
• Be prepared for unexpected events
• Maintain a low profile– Dress/behave in public consistent with local customs.
Avoid wearing western attire, clothing with U.S. flags, logos, etc.
– No U.S. related stickers, decals, logos on luggage, briefcases, shopping bags, etc.
– Unless necessary, don’t wear uniform or military items in public
– Shun publicity– Show respect for local customs– Don’t flash large sums of money, expensive jewelry,
or luxury items
Self Protective Measures
• Be alert to, and aware of changes in, the security atmosphere– Be alert for surveillance attempts, suspicious
persons or activities, and report them to proper authorities
– Watch for unexplained absences of local citizens as an early warning of possible terrorist actions
– Avoid public disputes or confrontations. Report any trouble to the proper authorities.
Self Protective Measures
Traveling By Air
• Airlines and routes– Do not fly routes with stops in high
threat areas
• Check-in• Seat Selection• Skyjacking• Release/Rescue
Travel Alerts• Afghanistan (11/15/02) • Albania (6/25/02) • Algeria (6/14/01) • Andorra (4/4/01) • Angola (9/12/02) • Anguilla (10/22/02) • Antigua & Barbuda (5/7/02) • Argentina (9/18/02) • Armenia (9/5/02) • Aruba (11/8/01) • Australia (4/11/02) • Austria (8/19/02) • Azerbaijan (8/2/02) • The Bahamas (6/13/02) • Bahrain (9/16/02) • Bangladesh (6/17/02) • Barbados (11/8/01) • Belarus (1/14/02) • Belgium (2/11/02) • Belize (7/5/02) • Benin (7/18/02) • Bermuda (5/7/02) • Bhutan (6/7/02) • Bolivia (1/17/02) • Bosnia-Herzegovina (7/5/02) • Botswana (10/8/02) • Brazil (10/9/01) • British Virgin Islands (9/14/99) • British West Indies: See Anguilla and Montserrat • Brunei (11/6/02) • Bulgaria (8/23/02) • Burkina Faso (7/18/02) • Burma (Myanmar) (5/6/02) • Burundi (10/7/02) • Cambodia (11/5/02) • Cameroon (9/3/02) • Canada (8/6/02) • Cape Verde (7/24/02) • Cayman Islands (5/30/02) • Central African Republic (4/29/02) • Chad (3/7/02) • Chile (4/12/02) • China (4/11/02) • Colombia (9/24/02) • Comoros (6/21/02) • Congo-Brazzaville (6/26/01) • Congo-Kinshasa (7/18/02) • 7/1/02 Travel Warning • Costa Rica (11/7/02) • Côte d'Ivoire (7/18/02) • Croatia (4/30/02) • Cuba (9/12/02) • Cyprus (9/16/02) • Czech Republic (1/18/02) • Denmark, Greenland and the Faroe Islands (11/17/00) • Djibouti (11/25/02) • Dominica (6/25/02) • Dominican Republic (10/22/02) • East Timor (8/12/02) • Ecuador (Galapagos Islands) (10/24/01) • Egypt (2/26/02) • El Salvador (11/5/02) • Equatorial Guinea (9/3/02) • Eritrea (8/19/02) • Estonia (8/19/02) • Ethiopia (9/12/02) • Fiji (6/13/02) • Finland (8/14/01) • France (4/18/02) • French Guiana (9/26/02) • French Polynesia (Tahiti) (9/16/02) • French West Indies (11/25/02) • Gabon (9/3/02) • The Gambia (7/22/02) • Georgia (11/28/01) • Germany (9/18/01) • Ghana (11/07/02) • Greece (4/30/02) • Greenland (11/17/00) • Grenada (8/15/02) • Guadeloupe (2/22/01) • Guatemala (11/21/02) • Guinea (7/26/02) • Guinea-Bissau (10/15/02) • Guyana (5/31/02)
• Haiti (12/3/02) • Honduras (11/8/02) • Hong Kong SAR (China) (2/26/02) • Hungary (6/1/01) • Iceland (8/19/02) • India (2/22/02) • Indonesia (10/25/02) • Iran (2/26/02) • Iraq (11/21/02) • Ireland (12/11/01) • Israel, the West Bank and Gaza (11/26/02) • Italy (6/27/02)• Jamaica (9/26/02) • Japan (12/14/01) • Jordan (11/26/01) • 11/22/02 Travel Warning • Kazakhstan (10/30/02) • Kenya (7/24/02) • Kiribati (7/18/02) • Kuwait (8/12/02) • Kyrgyz Republic (1/3/02) • Laos (5/16/02) • Latvia (7/18/02) • Lebanon (5/31/02) • Lesotho (4/11/02) • Liberia (9/12/02) • Libya (10/25/02) • Liechtenstein • Lithuania (1/27/00) • Luxembourg (11/19/02) • Macau SAR (China) (9/16/02) • Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of) (9/3/02) • 5/21/02 Travel Warning • Madagascar (5/2/02) • Malawi (4/29/02) • Malaysia (11/14/02) • Maldives (5/2/02) • Mali (5/16/02) • Malta (8/19/02) • Marshall Islands (9/8/00) • Martinique (2/22/01) • Mauritania (11/14/02) • Mauritius (3/29/02) • Mexico (11/20/02) • Micronesia, Federated States of (5/31/02) • Moldova (8/6/02) • Monaco (7/27/00) • Mongolia (6/8/00) • Montserrat (10/22/02) • Morocco (9/12/02) • Mozambique (5/31/02) • Namibia (9/12/02) • Nauru (9/16/02) • Nepal (11/4/02) • Netherlands (8/9/02) • Netherlands Antilles (11/26/01) • New Caledonia (9/16/02) • New Zealand (6/27/02) • Nicaragua (11/7/02) • Niger (8/15/02) • Nigeria (1/19/01) • North Korea (7/22/02) • Norway (3/4/02) • Oman (9/18/02) • Pakistan (4/4/02) • Palau (6/26/02) • Panama (9/20/01) • Papua New Guinea (6/13/02) • Paraguay (8/15/02) • Peru (7/30/02) • Philippines (10/11/02) • Poland (2/7/02) • Portugal (5/8/02) • Qatar (8/29/02) • Romania (9/30/02) • Russia (10/2/02) • Rwanda (6/10/02) • Samoa (6/26/02) • Sao Tome and Principe (3/8/02) • Saudi Arabia (8/29/02) • Senegal (7/26/02) • Seychelles (6/21/02) • Sierra Leone (7/30/02) • Singapore (11/1/02) • Slovak Republic (9/16/02) • Slovenia (9/5/02) • Solomon Islands (3/11/02) • Somalia (6/21/02) • South Africa (6/21/02) • South Korea (11/22/02) • Spain and Andorra (2/25/02)
• Sri Lanka (4/11/02) • St. Kitts & Nevis (8/9/02) • St. Lucia (9/14/99) • St. Vincent & the Grenadines (8/15/02) • Sudan (8/6/02) • Suriname (4/29/02) • Swaziland (4/11/02) • Sweden (9/30/02) • Switzerland & Liechtenstein (9/4/01) • Syria (3/21/02) • Taiwan (6/7/02) • Tajikistan (5/31/02) • 9/26/01 Travel Warning • Tanzania (Zanzibar) (4/9/02) • Thailand (10/30/02) • Togo (8/19/02) • Tonga (9/16/02) • Trinidad & Tobago (11/01/02) • Tunisia (6/7/02) • Turkey (11/22/02) • Driver Safety Briefing for Turkey • Turkmenistan (1/18/02) • 9/12/02 Public Announcement • Turks and Caicos (6/21/02) • Tuvalu (9/16/02) • Uganda (7/30/02) • Ukraine (9/26/02) • United Arab Emirates (11/13/02) • United Kingdom and Gibraltar (England, Wales, Scotland,
Northern Ireland) (7/8/02) • Uruguay (9/5/01) • Uzbekistan (4/18/02) • 10/31/02 Public Announcement • Vanuatu (6/26/02) • Venezuela (11/6/02) • 11/27/02 Public Announcement • Vietnam (7/27/01) • Yemen (12/3/01) • 11/30/02 Travel Warning • Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of (5/28/02) • Zambia (7/22/02) • Zimbabwe (11/26/02)
Hotel Security
• Registration• Room selection• Escape routes• Safe havens• Hotel pages• Room Key• In your room• Taxi
Foot Traffic
• Vary your route and times of travel• Stay alert to what is happening around
you• Avoid areas that are hostile• Walk facing traffic• Maintain a cautious attitude, cross
intersections with groups, stop with your back against a wall
• Know what you are going to do if you have a crisis
Traveling By Car
• Make your self a “hard” target
• Vary your routes and times of travel
• Know location of safe areas
• Everyone in the car should be alert to what is happening around them
Car Bomb Searches
• If the surveillance team thinks you are doing a good job of searching your car for bombs, they will be less likely to attempt a car bombing
• Looks for signs of tampering, pieces of tape, discarded wires, grease marks, etc.....
• Do the search the same way each time so that you always cover the same areas
• If you sense something is wrong then leave the car and call authorities
Office Protection
• Vary routines, times and exits
• Desks and offices• Windows• Visitors• Incoming mail• Office management • Emergency plans
Hostage Taking
• Hostage taking is a way of setting up a bargaining position
• Several possible reasons for victim selection
• Political extremists and religious fanatics are the major threat in hostage taking
• Fleeing criminal, the wronged person, and mentally disturbed are the most unpredictable
Captured
• Resist or surrender?• Do not resist unduly• Stay alert
Authorized Conduct
• DOD Directive 1300.7 provides guidance on authorized conduct for hostages during peacetime– DoD policy is to survive with honor– Maintain your military bearing– Remain calm, courteous, and project
personal dignity– Carefully consider the risk prior to an escape
attempt– Provide your name, rank, social security
number, and date of birth and innocent circumstances leading to detention
Summary
• Be alert to, and aware of, the security atmosphere.
• Overcome routines.• Maintain a low profile.• Know the threat and likely threat
tactics.• Be prepared for unexpected events.• Practice the security measures
presented here.• Have a safe trip!
More Information
• http://at-aware.org(password= aware)
• SAEDA/AT CD-ROM available from S2
“…we are a country awakened to danger and called to defend freedom. Our grief has turned to anger, anger to resolution, whether we bring our enemies to justice, or justice to our enemies, justice will be done.”
“We have no greater responsibility than the defense of our people against terrorist attack.”
President George W. Bush
before the 107th Congress, 20 September 2001