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3D Prin(ng Turning molten plas(c into neat toys

3D Printing: Turning Molten Plastic into Toys and Tools

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Page 1: 3D Printing: Turning Molten Plastic into Toys and Tools

3D  Prin(ng  

Turning  molten  plas(c  into  neat  toys  

Page 2: 3D Printing: Turning Molten Plastic into Toys and Tools

3D  Prin(ng  

•  Lots  of  different  kinds  of  3d  prin(ng  •  Some  use  powder,  metal,  etc.  •  Primary  home/hobby  prin(ng  is  “FDM”  –  Fused  Deposi(on  Modelling  – Basically:  A  glue  gun  controlled  by  a  printer  – Assembly  is  layer-­‐by-­‐layer  

Page 3: 3D Printing: Turning Molten Plastic into Toys and Tools

Models:  Makerbot  

•  Consumer-­‐targeted  3d  printer  

•  Designed  to  be  ‘no  setup’;  easy  for  consumers  

•  Costs  about  $2200  

Page 4: 3D Printing: Turning Molten Plastic into Toys and Tools

Models:  Printrbot  

•  Originally  kickstarter  •  Typically  sold  as  kits  (but  can  buy  assembled  for  $100)  

•  Varies  in  cost  from  $300-­‐$800  

•  Targeted  at  hobbyists.  

Page 5: 3D Printing: Turning Molten Plastic into Toys and Tools

Materials  

•  PLA  –  Biodegradable  –  Produced  from  corn  –  Lower  mel(ng  temperature  (compared  to  ABS)  

•  ABS  – Higher  temperature  – Higher  mel(ng  temperature  

•  Can  print  in  other  things  (teflon;  nylon;  wood  filament)  –  much  less  common  (and  more  expensive)  

Page 6: 3D Printing: Turning Molten Plastic into Toys and Tools

Costs  

•  “Filament”  (plas(c  used  as  input  to  the  printer)  typically  costs  about  $30/kg  – Can  be  found  as  low  as  $20,  but  “you  get  what  you  pay  for”  

•  Many  small  items  can  be  made  for  50  cents  or  so  worth  of  plas(c  

Page 7: 3D Printing: Turning Molten Plastic into Toys and Tools

What  can  you  make?  

•  Just  about  anything  plas(c  with  enough  care  •  Limited  by  build  volume  (Printrbot  Plus  is  8”  cube)  and  layering  approach  – You  aren’t  going  to  build  a  car  with  a  3d  printer  very  quickly  

– You’re  also  not  going  to  build  a  chandelier  very  easily  –  anything  with  overhangs  can  be  difficult  

Page 8: 3D Printing: Turning Molten Plastic into Toys and Tools

How  it  works:  Sodware  

•  Take  a  3D  model  (STL  file)  •  Use  a  ‘slicer’  to  turn  it  into  layered  paths  for  the  head  of  the  printer  

•  Slicer  intelligently  fills  in  solid  spaces  with  material    – Also  tries  to  minimize  plas(c  on  the  insides  of  pieces  so  as  to  not  waste  material  

Page 9: 3D Printing: Turning Molten Plastic into Toys and Tools

How  it  works:  G-­‐Code  •  Slicer  generates  “G-­‐Code”  

–  a  set  of  “move  here,  at  this  rate”  instruc(ons  

•  G-­‐Code  was  originally  designed  in  the  1980s  for  driving  other  computer-­‐driven  manufacturing  

•  G-­‐Code  can  be  interpreted  by  firmware  on  the  electronics  aiached  to  the  printer  

Page 10: 3D Printing: Turning Molten Plastic into Toys and Tools

How  it  works:  Repe(er  

•  Sodware  to  control  overall  interac(ons  with  the  printer  

•  Communicates  over  USB  to  printer  

•  Has  UI  to  control  posi(on,  heat,  fan,  etc.  

•  Repe(er  also  has  slicing  and  G-­‐Code  visualiza(on  

Page 11: 3D Printing: Turning Molten Plastic into Toys and Tools

How  it  works:  Prin(ng  

•  Melts  3D  plas(c  in  a  heated  head  (~200  degrees  C)  

•  Prints  onto  flat  surface  –  important  to  get  the  first  layer  right  so  it  s(cks  

•  Motor  feeds  material  through  the  hot  end,  pushing  plas(c  out  the  other  side.  

•  Motors  move  the  bed  and  the  print  head  in  3  dimensions  to  print  

Page 12: 3D Printing: Turning Molten Plastic into Toys and Tools

How  it  works:  Complex  Prints  

•  Some  3D  models  can’t  be  printed  without  overhangs  

•  Two  basic  components:  Bridges  and  support  material  

•  Bridges  are  connec(ons  between  two  exis(ng  pieces  of  plas(c  

•  Support  material  is  thin  layers  designed  to  form  a  basis  for  bridges  –  temporary,  intended  to  snap-­‐away  

Page 13: 3D Printing: Turning Molten Plastic into Toys and Tools

How  it  works:  Complex  Shapes  

•  Not  all  complex  shapes  are  complex  prints  though  

•  Some  shapes  with  lots  of  holes  in  them  can  s(ll  be  printed  (rela(vely)  easily  

•  Common  style:  Voronoi  surface  

Page 14: 3D Printing: Turning Molten Plastic into Toys and Tools

How  it  works:  Bigger  Shapes  

•  3d  prin(ng  bigger  shapes  usually  works  via  snap-­‐fit  or  press-­‐fit  pieces  

•  Push  pieces  together  to  get  them  to  stay  

Page 15: 3D Printing: Turning Molten Plastic into Toys and Tools

Coolest  Items  

•  Ar(culated  excavator:  “Liile  Digger”,  thing:208315  

•  Prints  as  one  piece  •  Wheels,  cab,  and  arm  move  

Page 16: 3D Printing: Turning Molten Plastic into Toys and Tools

Coolest  Items  

•  Fidget  cubes  •  Prints  as  one  piece  •  Hinged  •  thing:230139  

Page 17: 3D Printing: Turning Molten Plastic into Toys and Tools

Finding  Models:  Thingiverse  

•  Thingiverse  is  a  3d  model  repository  that  offers  lots  of  3d  models  

•  Social  –  can  also  share  3d  models,  share  ‘makes’,  etc.  

•  Supported  by  Makerware  •  Good  to  find  first  things  to  print  –  toys,  puzzles,  printer  improvements…  

Page 18: 3D Printing: Turning Molten Plastic into Toys and Tools

Designing  Models:  OpenSCAD  

•  OpenSCAD  is  3D  Modeling  for  programmers  

•  You  write  3D  models  with  code  

•  Can  import  and  export  common  formats  

Page 19: 3D Printing: Turning Molten Plastic into Toys and Tools

Designing  Models:  Sketchup  

•  Sketchup  –  formerly  from  Google  –  is  another  design  tool  

•  Free  plugin  to  support  export  to  STL  •  Can  be  used  as  a  visual  design  tool  (rather  than  code)  

Page 20: 3D Printing: Turning Molten Plastic into Toys and Tools

Crea(ng  your  own  Filament  

•  Filament  extruders  can  be  purchased  as  kits  for  a  few  hundred  $  

•  Take  in  plas(c  pellets  ($7-­‐$10/kg  instead  of  $30-­‐$40)  

•  No  commonly  available  way  to  re-­‐melt  prints  currently,  but  people  are  working  on  recyclers  

Page 21: 3D Printing: Turning Molten Plastic into Toys and Tools

Other  types  of  3D  Prin(ng    

•  Powder  bed  3d  prin(ng  •  Laser  sintering  •  Laminated  •  Light  Polymerized  

Page 22: 3D Printing: Turning Molten Plastic into Toys and Tools

Things  to  know  •  3D  Printers  –  at  least,  printrbot  –  is  *not*  a  commercially  ready  tool  –  It  requires  a  lot  of  (nkering  and  tweaking  to  get  good  prints  

– When  the  answer  from  support  to  a  problem  is  “Pull  out  your  mul(meter  and  measure  the  resistance”  you  know  you’re  in  a  hobbyist  market  

•  If  you  buy  a  kit  –  expect  it  to  take  a  while  to  build  •  Bed  level  is  important:  Bed  level  and  belt  tension  are  the  two  most  important  aspects  of  good  prints  

Page 23: 3D Printing: Turning Molten Plastic into Toys and Tools

FAQ  

•  Have  you  printed  a  gun?  – No.  This  is  a  silly  use  of  3d  prin(ng,  there  are  lots  of  easy  ways  to  build  your  own  gun.  

•  How  long  have  you  had  it?  – About  two  weeks  

•  Is  it  made  of  wood?  – Yep