Кластеры и Технопарки: общие элементы

Technopark and Cluster

What Common Points Could they Have ?

Philippe Geffroy Moscow – November 27, 2013

Ingredients to have a Powerful and Internationally Competitive Economy are Available …

27/11/2013 Philippe Geffroy MOSCOW 3

… But real results are still not comparable to international competitors

Tools used to Succeed a Regional Strategy (1)

Develop a large industrial zone

Set up a strong team to promote the city

Support creation of new companies (for example, in high tech sector)

Provide companies with financial advantages : free tax zone, public support

Develop specific training programmes

Develop a technology transfer policy

Improve the global quality of the urban environment

Develop a Technopark

Aim : Enables a long term regional development because of the innovative potential of the companies which can adapt to any change in technology, organization or market

Create a network with the existing regional actors (cluster)

Aim: increase the competitiveness of the companies


Technoparks as a tool for Economic Policy (1)

Definition

Technopark (technology parks, technological parks also High-tech park) is commercial property developments of one or more buildings that will accept all the types of tenant but they often have a wider range of acceptable activities in technology based business (TRL 5-6) and are not so concentrated on R&D as a main element in tenants' activities.

They will also accept tenants that provide support services to technology-based businesses but are not themselves technical businesses such as:

Accountants

Lawyers

Patent agents

Market research organizations

Technology brokers - especially those with good international connections

Venture capital providers

Business consultants specializing in technology-based firms


Technopark as a tool for Economic Policy (2)

The overall challenge is to set up a Technopark that can achieve three main goals

Respond to the NEEDS of regional enterprises in terms of innovation technology, cross fertilization with over R&D organizations, good services and friendly environment where researchers would have found an ideal environment to lead their R&D.

Develop specific R&D activities in conjunction with other knowledge based institutions in the region, in order to deliver some unique technological assets to existing enterprises or technology based start-ups

Create a management infrastructure that will allow the Technopark to be self-sustainable within a reasonable time frame (three to five years).

Attract in-FDI (that seeking advanced RD & DM capacities/capabilities not available for the price elsewhere)


The overall idea is to ensure that the park will have an economic impact in the region and that will assist existing and new enterprises to manage their development and innovation process in a very proactive and leading edge manner.

Market Insight: Myths and Realities of IT Technoparks in Russia / Igor Ustimenko (Gartner

Dataquest March 25 2011)

KEY FINDING

The community of Russian technoparks includes a number of IT-oriented clusters of organizations that look to be real development centers focused on high-tech innovations for further implementation in real economic sectors (manufacturing, agriculture and so forth) inside and outside the country.

Confusion about high-tech terminology in Russia creates uncertainty when it comes to the selection criteria of foreign vendors, investors and projects within technoparks.

A number of organizations pretend to look like technoparks but have nothing to do with the development of innovation.


Definition related to Cluster


Cluster Overall definition

Clusters can be defined as a group of firms, related economic actors, and institutions that are located near each other and have reached a sufficient scale to develop specialized expertise, services, resources, suppliers and skills. This phenomenon can be economically measured

Cluster Cooperation

Cluster cooperation can take different facets. It can mean the cooperation among and between cluster firms and other innovation actors located in different clusters. It can also mean the cooperation between policy-makers at programme level or at operational level

Cluster Initiatives

Cluster initiatives are organised efforts to enhance the competitiveness of a cluster involving private business, public bodies and/or academic institutions within a regional and sectoral system. Cluster initiatives usually follow a bottom-up approach and are managed increasingly by specialized institutions, such as cluster organizations .

Cluster Manager

Cluster managers – or cluster facilitators – are the dedicated individual persons that manage a cluster organization.

Cluster Organisation

Cluster organizations are the legal entities operating the clusters in charge of managing the participation and access to the cluster’s premises, facilities and activities. They are considered as new and highly efficient forms of innovation support providers that provide or channel specialized and customized business support services, especially to SMEs. Cluster organizations are often also in charge of managing cluster initiatives

Cluster Benefits for Regional Actors


REGIONAL LEVEL ENTREPRISES

Fostering Innovation

Fostering cooperation

Fostering internationalization

The People Dimension at the Core of the Cluster


The success of a high performance cluster is in a large part due to people

forming quality relationships and networking to achieve results

There is some degree of dialogue and trust that the clustering process requires

people-to-people contact

consensus on key issues

collaboration at multiple levels

The teamwork is a key component of a local innovation system; It is much more

than solo players working away in isolation.

Soft networks (such as local professional and trade associations) and hard

networks (strategic alliances between firms) are both important.

Specialized SMEs, rarely have the resources to innovate alone. However, with

an effective network in place to encourage linkages, firms are stimulated to

develop their knowledge rather than remain isolated.

The Cluster Management Organization


Larges

SMEs

Spin-off

Start Up

Governance

PRESIDENT

Board of Administration

Scientific Council

General Manager

Thematic Projects

Mgrs

Services · Market Access

· Financing Innovation

· Export support

· HR dev. & Mngt

REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION

BUSINESS INCUBATEUR

TECHNOPARK

EDUCATION

RESEARCH Organizations

CLUSTER OPERATIONAL

ORGANISATION

PROMOTION

· Exhibitions

· Events

· Peer Visites

· Business and

Technology

partnerships

SERVICES Partners

Logistic, Packaging, Ingeneering

...

FINANCIAL PARTNERS

Fasie, RVC, VEB, RosNanos,...

LinkWest 2008 PhG©

TRAINING

· Marketing

· International Standards

· Quality process

· New technologies

· Procurement and Purchasing

· New Competencies

PROJECTS

· Acces to new markets

· Access to knowledge to use in

new products & services

· Access to key infrastructure

· Access to new partners for

collaboration

· Extend Network

Members

Network

Results

Summary of the Key Factors of Success for a Cluster Set up


A common vision shared between region/territories and clusters actors such as

Large companies, SMEs and Public Research.

Cluster implementation are mainly Industry driven and R&D driven, ideally

depending on the RIS3 strategy.

Legal entity with a board of management so called Governance, appointed by

cluster participants.

The Cluster management organization implements the collective strategy on

behalf of the cluster members (board of representatives)

Cluster organization allows to manage and promote a broad approach of

innovation from local to international level

Lack of consensus, lack of common vision/strategy, and weak contacts

network are the main reason for failure cluster set up.

Example of Existing Cluster with dedicated Technopark http://www.routedeslasers.com/


http://www.routedeslasers.com/

http://www.routedeslasers.com/

СПАСИБО ЗА ВНИМАНИЕ!