Week 3 apostrophe and "" mark

10 TH GRADE INTERMEDIATE GRAMMARWEEK 3

Apostrophes&

Quotation mark

Raimes, A., & Miller-Cochran, S. K. (2014). Keys for writers (7th ed.). Boston: Wadsworth Pub Co.

Thursday, February 20, 14

WHAT IS AN APOSTROPHE?

Apostrophe looks like comma but we

use it above the line of writing.



WHY DO WE USE APOSTROPHE?

To indications ownership or possession.

Fred’s books

the government’s plans

a year’s pay

(the books belonging to Fred, the plans of the government, the pay for a year)

Possession



POSSESSION

Use –‘s for the possessive form of all nouns except

plural nouns that end with –s:

the hero’s misfortunes, the nation’s capital, the people’s advocate.

Use an apostrophe alone for the possessive form

of plural nouns that end with –s

the heroes’ misfortunes, the states’ governors, liberal politicians’ efforts.



When to use-‐‑‘s to single possession:

With individual and joint ownershipWith compound nouns

With singular proper nouns ending in –sIn all words that need an apostrophe to single possession

Use only an apostrophe to single possession in plural nouns already ending in –sUse an apostrophe in contractionsTwo occasions to use -‐‑‘s to form a plural

Use -‐‑‘s for the plural form of leIers of the alphabetUse –‘s for the plural form of a word referred to as the word itself

POSSESSION



WHY DO WE USE APOSTROPHE?

Contraction

Use an apostrophe to indicate the omission of le2ers in contracted forms.

didn’t, they’re, can’t, and let’s.

some readers of formal academic writing may object to such contractions.



DON’T USE

1. Generally, do not use an apostrophe to form the plurals of nouns (see 46).

2. Never use an apostrophe before an –s ending on a verb. Note that let’s is a contracted form for let us; the –s is not a verb ending.

3. Do not write possessive pronouns(hers, its, ours, yours, theirs) with an apostrophe.

4. Do not use an apostrophe to form the plural of names or numbers: the Browns; the 1990s[not 1990’s]; the ’90s [not 0’s].

5. With inanimate objects and concepts, of is often preferred to an apostrophe: the cost of service, the top of the mountain, the back of the desk.



QUOTATION MARKS

Use quotation marks [ “ ” ] to set off material that represents quoted or spoken language. Quotation marks also set off the titles of things that do not normally stand by themselves: short stories, poems, and articles. Usually, a quotation is set off from the rest of the sentence by a comma.

Capital Community College Foundation (n.d.). Quotation Marks. Retrieved from http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/marks/quotation.htm


http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/marks/quotation.htm

http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/marks/quotation.htm

QUOTATION MARKS RULES

Quote exactly the words used by the original speaker or writer.

Pair opening quotation marks with closing quotation marks to indicate where the quotation ends and your ideas begin.

Use correct punctuation to introduce and end a quotation, and place other marks of punctuation carefully in relation to the Quotation marks.

Enclose the titles of articles, short stories, songs, and poems in Quotation marks.

Enclose any added or changed material in square brackets.



QUOTATION MARKS RULES

After an introductory verb, such as say, state, or write, use a comma followed by a capital leIer to introduce a direct quotation.

Use a colon after a complete sentence introducing a quotation, and being the quotation with a capital leIer

When a quotation is integrated into the structure of your own sentence, use no special introductory punctuation other than quotation marks




Automotive

Week 3 apostrophe and "" mark