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John Addison, presentation about his book
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Catalyst for Change
Global Warming
Cost of Oil National Security
Healthy Future
Agenda• Ride Clean
• Ride Less
• Ride Together
• Climate & Energy Security
• Future Multimodal Fun
Ride Cleaner
• Share the Gas Miser
• Eco-Driving
• Electric Vehicles
• Plug-in Hybrids
• Riding on Sunlight
• Biofuels
Share the Gas Miser
4 Tons CO2 12 Tons CO2
2009 Vehicles with Lowest GHG
1. Toyota Prius
2. Honda Civic Hybrid
3. Honda Insight
4. Ford Fusion Hybrid
5. smart fortwo
6. Nissan Altima Hybrid
7. Honda Civic CNG
8. Toyota Camry Hybrid
9. Ford Escape Hybrid
10. Mini Cooper and Clubman
Report details at www.cleanfleetreport.com
Eco-Driving
• 24% Solution = $1,000/year
• 65 mph Vs. 80 mph
• Tires – inflated and low resistance
• Tune-up
• Remove the rack
• Lighten up
Electric Vehicles• 40,000 EV in USA• Efficiency 67% EV Vs. 15% ICE• 25 miles & 25 mph limits for LEV• Tesla Freeway speed & 240 mile range• 2010 Freeway-Speed
– Nissan– Chrysler– TH!NK– BYD– More
• Charge overnight in garage• Fast charging alternatives• Lack of charging standards and
infrastructure
Asian Electric Vehicles
80 Million Battery Electric Vehicles
Electric Two Wheelers (ETW)
Over 1,000 Light Electric Vehicles 3 and 4 Wheel
China E2W Revolution
THE NISSAN EV
All the feature customers have come to expect:
Compact Car Size
Space For 5 People
100-Mile Range Advanced
SafetyFeatures
Plug-in Hybrids• Conversion momentum
– AQMD– Google– NY City– Delivery Vehicles– Heavy Vehicles
• Automakers 2010– Toyota Prius– GM Volt– Chrysler Jeep, Town & Country– Fisker– Aptera
• Use of existing fueling infrastructure
• High battery demands
GM October 2007 Presentation
CLEAN ENERGY SUPPLY
Ability to reduce CO2 emission to almost zero by using solar, wind, and other renewables.
CO
2 e
mis
sio
n o
f E
V(C
onsi
deri
ng p
rese
nt
gaso
line v
ehic
le a
s 100
)
100
80
60
40
20
0Gasoline Vehicle
EV
Current Average
Riding on Sunlight
High GrowthRenewable Energy
Renewable Energy Cost Trends
Wind
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
PV
CO
E c
en
ts/k
Wh
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
40
30
20
10
0
100
80
60
40
20
0
BiomassGeothermal Solar thermal
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
CO
E c
en
ts/k
Wh
10
8
6
4
2
0
70
60
50
40
30
2010
0
15
12
9
6
3
0
Source: NREL Energy Analysis Office (www.nrel.gov/analysis/docs/cost_curves_2002.ppt)1These graphs are reflections of historical cost trends NOT precise annual historical data.
FUTURE INTELLIGENT GRID (V2G/V2H)
Key attributes: compatibility and functionality
EfficientBuildingSystems
UtilityCommunications
DynamicSystemsControl
DataManagement
DistributionOperations
DistributedGeneration& Storage
EVs/PHEVs
Smart End-UseDevices
AdvancedMetering
Consumer Portal& Building EMS
InternetRenewables
PV
ControlInterface
Hydrogen Fuel Cell EV
Fuel CellHICE
Trucks Buses
Renewable to Byproduct Hydrogen
Solar & REC Electrolysis Onsite CNG Reformation
LH2 DeliveredPipelined Byproduct
GM October 2007 Presentation
Ethanol• 2000 = 1 billion gallons• 2020 = 30 billion gallons• E10 Momentum• E100 Success in Brazil • Flex-Fuel Vehicle (FFV) =
easy compliance EPAC & other “green” requirements
• Corn prices jump 60% in 2 years
Future: Fuel from wood and waste not food and haste
Cost Competitive Challenge: scalability from lab to 100,000,000 gallons/year plant• Cost reduction: water, land, fertilizer, nitrogen
• Integration with existing wood & paper plants
• Process breakthroughs: purification, conversion, gasification, efficiency
• CO2 sequestration: poplar, grasses, algae
• 10X biomass/acre (e.g. energy cane)
• 100X yield/acre (e.g. algae)
• No new infrastructure – biodiesel, biogasoline, biocrude
• Pipeline delivery
Pyrolisis
Mixalco Process
GlycerinNatural Oils
BioDiesel (FAME or FAEE)
Methanol/Ethanol
Gasification
Syngas
Fermentation Ethanol/Butanol
BTL Diesel
Mixed Higher Alcohol
MethaneMicrobial cultures
Dimethylfuran
Gasoline, Diesel, Hydrocarbons
Ethanol, Butanol, Renewable Petroleum FermDiesel
Sugars/
Starch
Fermentation
Biogasoline
ETG via catalysis
Biomass
Cellulose/ Hemicellulo
se
Acid or Enzyme Hydrolysis
Saccharification
Ethanol
Algae
+ Sunlight – CO2
Cell Mass
Hydrocracking
Waste
Fischer-Tropspch catalysis
BioDiesel (FAME or FAEE)
Catalytic Conversion
ButanolDiese
l
Transesterification
Catalysis and Aqueous phase Reforming
Fermentation
Catalytic Conversion
Ethanol
Feed
Cost
Feedstock Supply Volume
Increasing Technological
DifficultyBiooil
Khosla Ventures: scalability
Cellulosic Ethanol
DuPont Danisco Tenn 20 SwitchgrassGulf Coast Energy Florida 25 Woody biomassMascoma Michigan 40 Woody biomassPoet Iowa 25 Corn cobsRange Fuels Georgia 20 Wood wasteVerenium-BP Florida 36 Energy cane,
sorghumEnerkem Miss 20 Municipal waste
GHG Source-to-Wheels Debate
California Global Warming Intensity at Wheel (g CO2e/MJ)Fuel Production GREET
Gasoline Oil Refined 92
Diesel ULSD Refined 71
Diesel Coal-to-Liquid 167
Biodiesel Midwest Soy 30
Ethanol Corn with Coal Electricity 114
Ethanol Cellulosic from Poplar Trees -12
Electricity California Average 27
CNG North American Pipelined 79
Hydrogen Onsite CH4 Reformed 48
Hydrogen Biomass & Pipeline Delivery 22
USMC Camp Pendleton Fleet
300+ Solar Charged EV
Hydrogen Future
5 Million Gallons B20
JP8 Tactical
Cleantech-Biotech Opportunities• Materials
• Nanotech
• Batteries
• Electric Drive Systems
• Smart Charging
• Vehicles
• Synthetic Biology
• Advanced Biofuels
• Solar
• Wind
• Smart Grid
• V2G
• System Integration
Ride Less
• Flexible Work
• Web Conference not Fly
• Get a Better Job
• Urban Demographic Shift
Americans Reduce VMT for 16 Months
Walk
Healthy
Mentally Healthy
Ride Together
Public TransitRide Share
Rail
98% of U.S. Commuters Favor Public
Transportation for Others
- headline in the Onion
Last Miles To-From Commuter Express
• Google Maps• Rideshare to Bus Stop• Walk• Bicycle• Bicycle Share• E-Bike• EV• Shuttles• Guaranteed Ride Home
Car-light and Carefree
• Walk More
• Bike More
• Sharing One Car
• Car-Free and Carefree
Universities & Colleges
Bicycle Public Transit
Car SharingGPS
Save the Planet
1. Build on Existing Success2. Renewable Energy3. Hybrids to Electric Vehicles4. 4 Million Govt Vehicles MPG & EV5. Invest in Public Transportation6. High-Speed Rail Connected Cities7. Multimodal Fast & Cheap8. Sustainable Communities9. 5,000,000 Green Jobs10. U.S. Leadership in Global Climate
Agreement
San Diego
Los Angeles
San Francisco
Our Hope, Our Legacy, Our Future
cleanfleetreport.com