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Authors: Paul Weindorf, Paul Morris, Shadi Mere
Automotive Biometric Automatic Luminance Control System
Introduction
SID 2015 Paper – Forward Looking Light Sensor Utilization for Automatic Luminance Control
Page 2
Internallightsensor
PWI = peak white intensityWSI = white stroke intensityFFVI = forward field of view intensityTC = time constantEXP = exponential function
fc .273X
Log potmanual
XPWI100
XFFVIWSI
Log
Remotelightsensor
X1.126
+0.2982
fc %PWI
TC↑ = 1 secTC↓ = 60 sec
exp
WSI(fL)
> 1
SetGF = 1
No
X YesGammacorrect
Tovideoamps
FFVI (fL)
Gain factor
Foward Looking Light SensorAmbient Light Sensor
Silverstein Automatic Display Luminance System[Paper reference 1, pg. 304 redrawn for clarity & adapted with loop arrows]
Introduction
Forward looking light sensor is required to solve the light adaptation problem
Objective is to replace the forward looking light sensor with a biometric pupil diameter measured by an eye gaze camera
Page 3
Forward-Looking Light Sensor
AmbientLight Sensor
SS
C
Driver Facing Camera
Introduction
SID 2015 Paper – Used a logarithmic forward looking light sensor
Page 4
ALSLogAmp
LogarithmicAmbientLight Sensor(ALS)
21
A/DLuminance Ratio Table
0 38.71 231 50.00 1232 64.58 2233 83.41 3234 107.72 4235 139.13 5236 179.69 6237 232.08 7238 299.74 8239 387.13 923
10 500.00 1023
ND LSEL 10 bit
A/D GF Table
DisplayUser Bias
∆NBD
DISPLAY5
ESLD
4 43 KNNK BDD
∆N
GF ∆N 1 0
1.328803 1 1.765719 2 2.346293 3 3.117763 4 4.142894 5 5.505092 6 7.315185 7 9.720443 8 12.91656 9 17.16357 10
LogarithmicFowardLookingLight Sensor(FFLS)
FLLS
LogAmp
A/D
Luminance Ratio Table
0 49.60 231 84.33 1232 143.35 2233 243.70 3234 414.29 4235 704.30 5236 1197.30 6237 2035.42 7238 3460.21 8239 5882.35 923
10 10000.00 1023
NH ESLH 10 bit
A/D
1.125log10 (LSEL )
GF
21 KNK H
0.2982
1.125log10 (FFVI) ESLH
HUD
13 DBD C
ODNN
D DBLBR
HUD UserBias ∆NBH
12
9
10
11
3
6
7
8
ObjectiveUtilize an eye gaze camera to determine driver pupil size
Use the pupil size to determine the driver observed forward looking luminance
Use pupil diameter determined forward looking luminance for automatic luminance control system
Page 5
Figure 1-2. Eye Tracking Camera Images
Figure 1-3. Pupil Diameter Pupillometry Showing “Glint” [Reference 2]
Background
Many different models have been developed to determine pupil diameter.
Unified formula developed by Watson and Yellott from Stanley Davies formula appears to be a good model.
Unified formula uses the concept of corneal flux density which is a function of both luminance “L” and the viewing area “a” in degrees squared.
Page 6
Figure 2-1. Pupil Diameter Functions [Reference 4, Figure 16], Unified parameters are: Age=30 years, Binocular Vision, 60° Field Diameter
284684675.575.7,( 41.0
41.0
LaLaaLDSD
SDSDU DyyDD 009562.002132.00
y0 =28.58 yearsy = age in years
Background
Log of corneal flux density “La” may be derived from Unified Formula
Older person’s pupil does not dilate as much as a younger person under low luminance conditions
Page 7
0
41.0
0
0022.02
846205279.0
75.7
log41.01log
yyDyy
D
La
-1012345678
2 3 4 5 6 7 8lo
g(La
)Pupil Diameter D (mm)
28.58yr
60yr
y0 =28.58 years
y = age in years
Figure 2-2. Ages Factor Example for Pupil Dilation
ImplementationUse equal increments of Log(La) to construct table.
Equivalent to equal A/D count increments used with a logarithmic light sensor
Calculate pupil diameters using Unified Formula to construct step number table
Page 8
ALSLogAmp
LogarithmicAmbientLight Sensor(ALS)
21
A/DLuminance Ratio Table
0 38.71 231 50.00 1232 64.58 2233 83.41 3234 107.72 4235 139.13 5236 179.69 6237 232.08 7238 299.74 8239 387.13 923
10 500.00 1023
ND LSEL 10 bit
A/D GF Table
DisplayUser Bias
∆NBD
DISPLAY5
ESLD
4 43 KNNK BDD
∆N
GF ∆N 1 0
1.328803 1 1.765719 2 2.346293 3 3.117763 4 4.142894 5 5.505092 6 7.315185 7 9.720443 8 12.91656 9 17.16357 10
LogarithmicFowardLookingLight Sensor(FFLS)
Luminance Ratio Table
1.125log10 (LSEL )
GF
21 KNK H
0.2982
1.125log10 (FFVI) ESLH
HUD
13 DBD C
ODNN
D DBLBR
HUD UserBias ∆NBH
12
9 10
11
3
6
7
8
Camera
EyeEye GazeSystem
NH D log(La) ESLH 0 7.6 0.068 47
1 7.4 0.733 80
2 7.1 1.399 137
3 6.7 2.065 234
4 6.1 2.730 400
5 5.2 3.396 684
6 4.3 4.062 1170
7 3.5 4.728 2000
8 2.9 5.393 3420
9 2.5 6.059 5848
10 2.3 6.725 10000
Conclusion
Biometric forward looking light sensor may be developed using eye gaze camera to measure the driver’s pupil diameter.
Biometric light sensor is expected work better because the driver’s perceived forward field of view intensity is being utilized.
Age compensation is possible by changing the look-up table based on the Unified Formula and driver’s personalization data (age).
Biometric light sensor may be also utilized for HUD automatic luminance control
Page 9
Page 10
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