A Brief Introduction

• Sindh is one of the five provinces of Pakistan

• Though Muslims form the largest religious group in Sindh, large numbers of Christians, Zoroastrians and Hindus can also be found

• The main language of Sindh is Sindhi

• The province is associated with the Indus civilization

• The name is derived from the Indus River; the ancient Iranians in Sanskrit as Sarasvati, to Assyrians as Sinda, and to the Pashtuns as "Abasind".

• Most Sindhi are engaged in irrigation agriculture

• Sindh's principal crops are wheat, rice, cotton, oilseeds, sugarcane, and fruits

• The attributes associate with people living in Sindh, Sindhi people, are peaceful, hardworking, hospitable, open-minded community.

Archaeological discoveries

• Indus Valley Civilization.

• Values and a distinct identity

• Ranikot Fort; second Wall of China

Folk Lore

• the very pulse-beat of the national integrity displaying itself in song, dance, riddle, proverb and even in superstition

• Every Sindhi likes HOJAMALO It is only a Sindhi who can interpret the spirit of these songs, though anyone who listens to them will, almost without exception, be carried by its rhythmic beat.

• Like the Folk songs, the folk dances are equally rhythmic and equally enchanting

Ancient History• The first known village settlements date as far

back as 7000 BCE

• the Indus Valley Civilization around 3000 BCE

• It is known that the Indus Valley Civilization

traded with ancient Mesopotamia and Ancient

Egypt via established shipping lanes.

Mughal Period

• In the year 1524 the few remaining Sindhi

Amirs welcomed the Mughal Empire

• The Sindhi Sufis played a pivotal role in

converting the millions of native people to

Islam.

Modern History after

independence of Pakistan

• Nearly 7 million Muslims from India

migrated to Pakistan while nearly equal

number of Hindus and Sikhs from Pakistan

migrated to India.

• Sindh did not witness any massive level

slaughter as other parts of the Subcontinent

places in Sindh

Shah abdul latif bhitai

Shahbaz qalandar

Shah jahan mosque

Moen-jo-daro

Quaid-e-azam mazar

Ranikot fort Sukkur bridge

Makli graveyard

Kot diji

Products of sindh

Language; sindhi

sports

Poetry and music

Literature

sachal sarmast

Punjab Map

Introduction

• Punjab (the land of five rivers) is the biggest land area ofPakistan and is popularly known for its culture.According topopulation, 56% of the total population of the country is situatedin Punjab Province. It has a total of 36 districts and contributesapproximately 50-60 % of the economy.

• Punjabi Culture is one of the oldest in world history, datingfrom ancient antiquity to the modern era. The scope, history,complexity and density of the culture are vast. Some of the mainareas of the Punjabi culture include: Languages, Cuisine,Dresses, Sports, Dance & Music, Festivals, Arts & Craft,Punjabi Weddings, Fields and Rivers.

LANGUAGES IN PUNJAB

Key Punjabi languages/dialects are:

• Pothowari

• Hindko

• Jhangvi

• Shahpuri

• Pahari

• Majhi

• Saraiki

Dresses

• Cutoms of punjab

• Embridory in their dresses

• Men and women wearing

cuisine

• Extensive cuisine

• Liberal usage

• Food and beverages

Festival arts and craft

• Numerous festivals

• Main crafts created in the highlands

• craft of Punjab

CULTURE OF BALOCHISTAN

BALOCHI CULTURE• Culturally rich place.

• Its beauty reflected in every thing,

the deserts, the coastline, the food

and also clothing.

• People speak different languages.

• There is a similarity in their literature,

beliefs, moral order and customs.

• Cementing factor is religion.

• Balochis known for their hospitality.

• Adorable feature is faithfulness and

sincerity in all relationships.

PEOPLES OF BALOCHISTAN

• A number of tribes constitute to

make people of Balochistan.

• Three major tribes are, Baloch,

Brahvi and Pashtoon.

• The tribal chief is called Sardar.

• Head of sub-tribe is known as Malik.

• Sardars and Maliks are members

of district.

• The Baloch, believed to have

originally come from Arabia

LANGUAGES OF BALOCHISTAN

• The people in the cities and towns

speak more than two languages.

• In adddition to Balochi, Pashtoo and

Brahvi the majority speak urdu language.

• In Kachhi and Sibi districts, people

speak Seraiki and Sindhi

• Quetta city, all linguistic groups

accommodates not only Urdu,

Balochi, Pashtoo, Brahvi but

Darri and Persian speaking as well.

DRESSES OF BALOCHISTAN

• Turban is the common headwear of the men.

• Wide loose shalwar and knee-long

shirts are worn by MEN.

• The dress of the woman consists of

shirt having a big pocket in front.

• Big ‘Dopatta’ or ‘Chaddar’ used to

cover head by women.

JEWELLERY

• The women wore durr (earrings),

pulu and pulluk (rings in nose),

har or touk (necklace and bracelets),

mundrik (rings in hands and foot fingers),

sanga or tal (rings around hands),

bahuband or bahink (armlets).

FESTIVALS OF BALOCHISTAN

• Numerous colorful social festivals

are source of jubilation.

• Sibi festival that traces its roots

to Mehergar (an archeological site).

• Folk music performance, cultural

dances, handicrafts stalls, cattle

shows and a number of other

amusing activities.

• Buzkashi is a peculiar festival

showing bravery of Balochistan

people.

MUSIC OF BALOCHISTAN

• Baloch culture is rich in folk music

dances and songs.

• Famous wedding songs of Baloch

culture are Nazenk and Salonk.

• The instruments used are mainly a

flute, locally called Nal, Tamboora

and Soroz.

• A common Baloch folk dance is

known as Dochaap.

MARRIAGES OF BALOCHISTAN

• Balochi weddings are still practiced

with all glory.

• Traditional and unique rituals

practiced in the Balochi weddings.

• Baloch customs are very unique

in the sense that dowry is not given

by the bride’s family but the

groom’s family.

• The bride’s parents are only

supposed to gift clothes and

gold to their daughter.

DIWAN ( GATHERING)

• The Baloch had an open society

with its unique charachteristic of

equality and freedom.

• Every Baloch was expected to

be active member of the tribe.

• He took part in discussion in

diwan at the house of the Sardar.

• Social, political and economic

problems concerning the tribe were

debated in these assemblies.