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this tells you the history of photography in short slideshow
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HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY
By meg
The word photography
came from two Greek words
that mean "writing with
light." The first time the
word "photography" was
used was in 1839, the year
the invention of the
photographic process was
made public, by Sir John
Herschel
CAMERA OBSCURAGo in the a dark room on a bright day, make a
hole in the window cover and the outside is
projected inside but its upside down the picture
is in full colour. Its explained by some laws of
physics, light travels in a straight line when
some of the rays reflected from a bright subject
pass through a small hole in thin material they
do not scatter but cross and reform as an upside
down image on a flat surface held parallel to the
hole. This law of optics was known in ancient
times.
Camera = Latin for “room”Obscura = Latin for “dark”
About 2,400 years ago (4th Century B.C.) the famous philosopher Aristotle talked about a pinhole image formation in his work. He wondered why "when light shines through a rectangular peep-hole, it appears circular in the form of a cone?" He didn't find an answer to his question and the problem wasn't answered until about 2,000 years later in the 1500s.
The earliest mention of the camera obscura was in 5th
century BC by a Chinese philosopher Mo-Ti. He recorded this
creation of an inverted image formed by rays of light
passing through a pinhole vin a dark room he called this
darken room a "collecting place" or the "locked treasure
room." In 1490 Leonardo Da Vinci gave two descriptions of
the camera obscura in his notebooks. Many of the first
camera obscuras were large rooms like that illustrated by
the Dutch scientist Reinerus Gemma-Frisius in 1544 for use
in observing a solar eclipse.
This is the French inventor Nicephore Niepce was
born in 1765, he was fascinated by lithography but
unskilled at drawing. He sought out away to take
images of nature, in 1826-27 he captured an image
from his workroom window using light sensitive
chemicals on a piece of metal This was the first
permanent photograph. He kept his process a
secret until 1829, when he partnered with Louis-
Jacques-Mandé Daguerre.
THE FIRST PHOTOGRAPH
On a summer day in 1827, Nicephore Niepce made the first photographic
image with a camera obscura. Prior to Niepce people just used the camera
obscura for viewing or drawing purposes not for making photographs.
Joseph Nicephore Niepce's heliographs or sun prints as they were called
were the prototype for the modern photograph, by letting light draw the
picture. Niepce placed an engraving onto a metal plate coated in bitumen,
and then exposed it to light. When he placed the metal plate in a solvent
eventually an image ,before then invisible, appeared. However, his
photograph took eight hours of light exposure to create and after
appearing would soon fade away.
EXAMPLES OF CAMERA OBSCURAS
1834
Henry talbot creates permanent negative image
using paper soaked in silver chloride and fixed with a
salt solution. Talbot created positive images by
contact printing onto another sheet of paper.
DAGUERREOTYPELouis Daguerre, a French artist and scenic painter. Daguerre had
began experimenting with ways of fixing the images formed by
the camera obscura around 1824, in 1829 he made a partnership
with Niepce. After the death of his partner he continued to
experiment with copper plates coated with silver iodide to produce
direct positive pictures. he discovered the latent image on an
exposed plate could be "developed" with the fumes from warmed
mercury. The use of mercury vapour meant that photographic
images could be produced in twenty to thirty minutes rather than
hours. In 1837, Daguerre found a way of "fixing" the photographic
images with a solution of common salt. Two years later, he got a
suggestion from Sir John Herschel and used thiosulphate of soda
as the fixing agent
This is another French inventor Louis Daguerre he worked with Nicephore Niepce before he died. Louis was born in 1787 and died in 1851 he was born in Cormeilles, France
1841
Tablot patents his process under the name calotype
also known as tintypes
1846
Associated press:
1851
Fredrick scott archer, a sculptor in london, improves
photography resolution by spreading a mixture of
collodion and chemicals on sheets of glass. Wet plate
collodion photography was much cheaper than
daguerreotypes the negative/ positive process
permitted unlimited reproductions.
1855-57
Direct positive images on glass (ambortypes) and
metal (tintypes or ferrotypes) were popular in the us
3 million tintypes produced in the mid 1800s.
1861
Scottish physicist James Maxwell demonstrates a
colour photo system which included 3 black and
white photos each taken through a green, blue and
red filter. The photos were turned into lantern slides
and projected in the same colour filter.
1871
An English doctor, Richard Maddox, proposes the use
of emulsion of gelatin and silver bromide on a glass
plate (the dry plate)
1877Eadweard Muybridge who was born in England then moved
to America. He began as a landscape photographer
acquiring a suitable reputation. He was then requested by
the former governor of California he began to take photos of
horses to see how they moved. His early work required for
him to take a picture at precisely the right time, however in
1878 he conducted an experiment to take a sequence of
images in quick succession .
KODAK In 1888 George Eastman invented dry, transparent and
flexible, photographic film (or rolled photography film)
and the kodak cameras could use the new film. He
wanted to make it so anyone could take a picture not
just trained photographers. In 1883 he announced the
invention of photographic film in rolls. The camera
came with 100 exposures and once they were used
people would send the cameras with the rolls back to
the factory in new York where the photos would be
developed then sent back to the person with a new roll
as well.
EARLY 35MM CAMERAS.
The first patent for one was given to Leo, Audobard and Baradat in
england in 1908. the first full scale production camera was the
homeos (a stereo camera) produced by jules richard in 1903. it took
stereo pairs 18x24 with 2 tessar lenses it was sold until 1920.
The first 35mm big seller was the American Tourist Multiple, also
appearing in 1913, this camera cost $175 in 1913 (which by todays
standards is the equal of $3000 lecia)it took either 800 half frame or
400 full frame shots on 50ft rolls.
INSTANT CAMERAAn instant camera is a type of camera that
generates a developed film image. The most
popular types to use self developing film
formerly made by polaroid corporation.
These were invented by a lot of people but
the credit goes to an American scientist
Edwin Land, who unveiled the first
commercial instant camera the land
camera. In February 2008, polaroid
announced it would discontinue produce of
film and shut down 3 factories.
The first true digital camera that recorded images as
a computerized file was most likely the Fuji DS-1P of
1988 which recorded to a 16 MB memory card that
used a battery to keep the data in memory.( this
camera was never marketed in the US and hasn’t
been confirmed to have shipped to japan.)