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What is shutter speed?
It is essentially the indicator of the duration / timing at which the shutter curtain opens up and closes during an exposure process
1/8000, 1/4000, 1/1000, 1/500, 1/250, 1/125, 1/60, 1/30, 1/15, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1 etc.
The shutter speed dial provide the selection of shutter speeds, and indicates the timing of the shutter open and closes.
A fast shutter speed such as 1/500 sec will close faster than, say 1/2 sec exposure time. In this case, the shutter curtain will close very fast and thus resulting in less light entering the film.
Shutter speed dial
What does shutter speed do ?
Different shutter speeds yield different kind of visual effect on a final photograph.
A fast shutter speed can freeze action while slow speed can blur your image
What is Aperture?
The aperture is like a pupil in your eye. The pupil opening is bigger in a room with less light to allow you to see and Vice Versa.
In Photography, Aperture is referred to lens diaphragm opening inside a photographic lens.
The size of this diaphragm opening in a camera lens REGULATES amount of light that passes through onto film inside the camera.
The size of an aperture in a lens can either be a fixed or adjustable type (like an SLR camera).
How is aperture calibrated ?
Aperture size is usually calibrated in f-numbers. These are ratios.
i.e. f 22 (f/22), f16 (f/16), f/11, f/8.0, f/5.6, f/4.0, f 3.5 ,f/2.8, f/2.0, f/1.8 etc.
What it means is
f/16 will let in 1X the amount of light than a diaphragm opening of f/22 and so forth;
f/4.0 will let in 1X lesser than that of f/2.8 etc.
Aperture + Shutter Speed = Exposure
Aperture, along with duration/timing of shutter curtain opening, BOTH contribute to a the formation of an exposure.
Aperture also affects "depth of field"
Exposure
Balancing Shutter and Aperture:Exposure is about different combinations of shutter and f-stop settings. These combinations can drastically affect the finished picture.
Relation between A and SS
Aperture
Shutter Speed
Slow (1/30 sec) Fast (1/1000 sec)
Small f-stop (f4.5)
Overexposed — a slow shutter speed and small f-stop will both let in more light
Correct — a fast shutter speed lets in less light, but a small f-stop lets in more
Large f-stop (f22)
Correct — a slow shutter speed lets in more light, but a large f-stop lets in less
Underexposed — a fast shutter speed and large f-stop both let in less light