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Descriptive information on how exposure works in a camera with ISO, Shutter Speed, and Aperture
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Skills to turn good pictures into Great Photos!
Beginning Photography
• Using Your Camera• Shooting Modes• Camera Pre-Sets• Fine-tuning adjustments
•Understanding Exposure
• Composition the Image• Rules of Thirds
• Q & A• Resources Available
Class Content
The exposure triangle
Light
Its COLOR photography
Color
What stories can You tell?
Tell a StoryWhich Stories do you keep?
Save a Memory
Dramatic Impacts
B & WLimitless potential
Creativity
Components & Trade-offs
Exposure
• ISO | Sensitivity to light
• rating was established in “film days”• use corresponding rating depending on available light• values of 100, 200, 400 (now 800, 1600, 3200, etc.)
Exposure Factors
Shutter Speed | (Tv)• Duration of the image capture
• measured in seconds (or fractions)
• 1/60, 1/125, 1/320, 1/1000Aperture | (Av)• Size of lens opening• Measured in focal ratio stops (f
stops)• f = focal length / entrance
diameter (f/2.8 = 200mm / 72mm)
• Each Camera has its own threshold
• Quality post-processing can often compensate for noise
• LIGHTING VARIATIONS & ISO SETTING• 100 bright Sun• 200 bright Sun, morning / early evening, slight overcast• 400 overcast, waning light, well-lit indoor (natural light)• 800 indoor (non-natural) light, after sunset, before
sunrise• 1600 stadiums, arenas, theaters• AUTO – changing lighting situations when you need to
“get the shot”
ISO
• Each Camera has its threshold
• Quality post-processing can often compensate for noise
ISO
• near universal options from slow (3 seconds) to fast (1/2000 second)
• some have remote and/or manual shutter speed options.
• consider lens length for stability in longer lenses (>50mm)
• RULE: slowest speed to avoid camera shake effect = 1/lens length
• THRESHOLD SHUTTER SPEED SETTINGS• < 1/60 tripod necessary
• 1/60 to 1/125 casual shots, portraits, stills
• 1/250 to 1/400 “slow” action (e.g. runners, children playing, gentle river, geese)
• 1/500 to 1/1000 sprinters, ball sports, fish, hawks
• >1/1000when available, (e.g. lighting) better stop of action
• Remember stability factor
• e.g. 200mm lens needs 1/200 just to account for camera shake. • Fast basketball action needs >1/640 to freeze passes, quick cuts, etc.
SHUTTER SPEED
1/1000 1/125 1/3
• most efficient factor for light gathering
• influence on depth of image view
• IDEAL APERTURE SETTING FOR SITUATIONS• f/1.8 to f/2.8 low-light situations
• f/8 to f/11 outdoor light
• f/16 > intense light
APERTURE
Aperture
Depth of Field Visual
Exposure Triangle
Exposure Triangle
SIMPLIFY: 1st Remove ISO
Balancing Exposure• Aperture (Av)• Shutter Speed (Tv)
• Different combinations can yield the same exposure
• Trade-Offs: • Stop Motion v.
DOF
Exposure Setting Scenarios Priority Setting
Secondary Setting Balance Setting
Wildlife Good Depth of Field (Av) Stable Shutter Speed Sensitivity
SportsVery Fast Shutter Speed (Tv) High Sensitivity Wide Aperture (light)
Time Lapse
Very slow Shutter Speed (Tv) Moderate Sensitivity wide aperture
Landscapes Low Sensitivity (ISO) slower shutter speed Moderate Aperture
Portraits Good Depth of Field (Av) Stable Shutter Speed Sensitivity
Still Life Good Depth of Field (Av) Stable Shutter SpeedSensitivity (& Creativity)
Flash Photography Uses
• Low Light• indoor, night
• limited action application (e.g. 1/250)
• Shooting angles & the Sun• subject facing you – if shadows exist on face
• Dramatic Lighting Difference• Subject in shade, but bright sun in background
• Subject Emphasis
• Creative Effects• camera spin
•NOTE: Limits Shutter Speed
Enough Light + Acceptable Noise = GREAT PHOTO
ISO - Sensitivity
Enough Light for Motion Level + Acceptable DOF = GRATE PHOTO
Aperture
Stopping Motion + enough light + little noise = GREAT PHOTO
Shutter Speed
Q & A
Quick Self-Photography Lesson