Rise of smart mobility part 2 - technology for the multi-modal silent traveler

William El Kaim – May 2015

The Rise of Smart Mobility Era – Part 2

Tech Innovations Behind the Rise of Smart Mobility

This Presentation is part of the

Enterprise Architecture Digital Codex

Read the Companion Article on SKIFT

Lisez l’article associé à cette présentation sur TOM

• Smart City: Hungry For Open Data

• Open Data Is The Fuel Of Smart Mobility

• Transit Real Time Data: Standards And Protocols

• Mapping The World

• Journey Planner Algorithm And Engines

• Transit Platforms & Applications

• From Transit Applications To Multimodal Journey Planner

• Multimodal Door to Door Journey Planner

• The Age Of Platforms

Smart City: Hungry For

Open Data

Singapore Live

Smart City based on data …

http://servicemap.disit.org/WebAppGrafo/mappa.jsp

Smart City: Seoul

• Seoul, South Korea has equipped its taxis and buses with GPS

transmitters and used data from the movement of these vehicles to monitor

traffic flows and optimize traffic lights, speed limits, and public transportation

schedules, often in real-time.

• The city further combines this vehicle data with smart transit-card data (more

recently NFC-enabled smartphone wallet data) to observe the movement of

people through the city’s subways, buses, and taxis and ensure both

adequate capacity in the transportation system and adjacent infrastructure

and services like housing, retail, and policing.

Smart City: Other Examples

• Dublin, Ireland worked with IBM to install a network of sensors throughout

the city to monitor traffic in real-time.

• This data is combined with closed-circuit cameras and bus-mounted GPS transmitters to

digitally map the city in real-time and to enable real-time, intelligent traffic management

measures.

• London hired Microsoft in 2011 to create a developer platform around its

real-time raw transportation data with the goal of offering consumers more

insight into the various transportation options available on any given route.

• Usage of the platform quickly grew from thousands to millions of users per day.

• The city also layered in Internet of Things devices to monitor temperature, vibration, and

humidity, and to detect faults in the Underground train system.

• Uber offer cities, beginning with Boston, access to its trip data for use in

master-planning

Smart City: Data and API

• The smart cities agenda is transforming how cities manage their

infrastructure and how they communicate with citizens and local businesses.

• Open data and the use of sensor technologies to provide real-time feedback

on the use of urban infrastructure are two components at the center of what

is considered a “smart city.”

• Cities around the world are opening up their public transport data to enable

third-party developers to create new commercial and social good products.

• Public transport is often a good starting point for cities looking to open up

useful data sources as part of a smart cities agenda.

Smart City: Data and API

• How public transport data is opened (and the role of APIs in this process)

demonstrates the potential that comes from cities opening up their data:

• It is an immediately useful data source that enhances participation in city life.

• It can add value to contextual and personal data.

• It has a real-time component.

• There are commercial revenue opportunities across a range of industry uses, with

innovative business models that can be applied.

• It often involves multiple stakeholders and, therefore, requires aggregating of data from

multiple sources.

Connected Smart Cities

Open & Agile Smart Cities (OASC) initiative

• The Open & Agile Smart Cities (OASC) initiative, signed by 31 cities from

Finland, Denmark, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, Spain and Brazil, aims to

kickstart the use of a shared set of wide-spread, open standards and

principles, enabling the development of smart city applications and solutions

to reach many cities at once, by making systems interoperable between

cities, and within a city.

• Cities adopt an initial open-licensed standard API FIWARE NGSI, which

provides lightweight and simple means to gather, publish, query and

subscribe context-based, real-time information.

• The cities will also use and improve standard data models based on

experimentation and actual usage.

• The initial data models were chosen by mature European smart cities in the CitySDK

initiative, forming the basis for a joint City Service Development Kit.

Open API Platform FIWARE

• The EU-funded open API platform FIWARE has reached an agreement with

seven countries to embed its core infrastructure as open API standards for

creating new civic tech solutions.

• Belgium, Brazil, Denmark, Finland, Italy, Portugal and Spain

• Agreed to three technical mechanisms for the development of smart city

infrastructure.

• To support the deployment of FIWARE’s NGSI API open standard, which proposes a

common data model for getting real-time, contextual data about cities

• To share API data models, starting with the CitySDK APIs

• To use the open source platform CKAN to publish open data.

• The initiative hopes to foster the growth of a new wave of startups focused

on smart city technologies.

FIWARE

CitySDK

• The CitySDK project is co-

funded by the European

Union, and is about creating

a City Service Development

Kit: a collection of tools and

APIs to help cities become

more smart

• CitySDK Participation API

• CitySDK Mobility API

• CitySDK Tourism API

Smart City & Connected City

Open Data Is The Fuel Of

Smart Mobility

Three Steps …

1. Making Data Available

• Government and cities providing “open data” through portal

2. Making Data Accessible

• Government and cities providing API through partners

• Government and cities using a marketplace to trade data

3. Making Data Valuable

• How are developers using public transport APIs to empower a smart cities agenda and

what is the progress of city authorities looking to make their transportation systems

smart?

Making Data Available, Accessible and Valuable

• Schedule and Transit Open data is common in North America, but not so

common in EU

• National Transit DB and US City Open Data Census

• New approach in France taken recently with the creation of a new

government Opendata web site

• Data.gouv.fr

• In Germany the concept of marketplace for data was put in place by the

government

• MDM: Mobility Marketplace

• In UK, the London Datastore offers all sorts of data about the City.

Data: Data.gouv.fr (France)

Data: US City Open Data Census

Data: Seattle

https://data.seattle.gov/browse?category=Transportation

Public Dialogue in NYC

Data: Mobility Marketplace in Germany

• Project funded by German Government

• Pilot started in 2012, and should be productive in 2014

• Marketplace for mobility related data where authorities (like public transport

companies) and private companies can sell/buy data.

Quandl

Open Data Tooling

• Geographic Information System centric

• ArcGIS OpenData, Spallian Carto

• Data Centric

• cKan, DataHub.io, Junar, OpenDataSoft, Socrata

• CrowdSourcing Centric

• Spallian TellMyCIty

• Any tool enabling sharing your data …

https://opendata.arcgis.com/about

ArcGis OpenData

Spallian

http://ckan.org/

Datahub.io

http://datahub.io/dataset?q=gtfs

http://www.junar.com/

http://www.opendatasoft.com/

OpenDataSoft

http://www.socrata.com/

Socrata

Spallian: TellMyCity

http://www.spallian.com/tellmycity/

Already 70 cities using it

Data Everywhere

• Data Everywhere makes it

simple for spreadsheet users

to synchronize, share, and

collect data.

• Data Everywhere’s

spreadsheet add-ins take data

from your existing

spreadsheets and

automatically send it to other

authorized people,

spreadsheets, and

applications.

http://opendata.transilien.com/apps/

https://data.sncf.com/apps

SNCF is the French Rail Mobility provider

Transit Real Time Data:

Standards And Protocols

Transit Open Format: Two Competing Formats

• Transit open format as open protocol and API provided by

Google : GTFS platform and API

• The General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) defines a common format for public

transportation schedules and associated geographic information.

• GTFS "feeds" allow public transit agencies to publish their transit data and developers to

write applications that consume that data in an interoperable way

• GTFS-realtime is a feed specification that allows public transportation agencies to

provide realtime updates about their fleet to application developers. It is an extension

to GTFS

• EU standard named Service Interface for Real Time Information (SIRI)

• XML protocol to allow distributed computers to exchange real time information

about public transport services and vehicles.

Google GTFS

• Provides schedule (static data) or Real-time Transit information everybody

can use

• GTFS feeds

• General Transit Feed Specification Reference

• Transit Data Feed: List of Public Feeds

• GTFS Data exchange

• Tools

• Google Map Transit

• Google transit for developers

• Google Now and crowdsourcing from Waze.

• List of tools not built by Google:

https://code.google.com/p/googletransitdatafeed/wiki/OtherGTFSTools

Google GTFS

GTFS Data Exchange

Designed to help

developers and

transit agencies

efficiently share and retrieve GTFS data

http://www.gtfs-data-exchange.com/

Data: National Transit Data (USA)

SIRI the European standard

• Service Interface for Real Time Information (SIRI)

• XML protocol to allow distributed computers to exchange real time information

about public transport services and vehicles.

• The protocol is a European Committee for Standardization technical

specification,

• developed with initial participation by France, Germany (Verband Deutscher

Verkehrsunternehmen), Scandinavia, and the UK (RTIG)

• Based on the Transmodel (EN TC278, Reference Data Model For Public Transport,

EN12896) abstract model for public transport information,

• The present version of TRANSMODEL (V5.0) uses an Entity-Relationship modeling

approach

• Comprises a general purpose model, and an XML schema for public transport

information.

• More Information: http://user47094.vs.easily.co.uk/siri/

http://www.google.com/intl/en/landing/transit/#mdy

Google Maps Transit

Google Now!

Yandex: Traffic Service

• Yandex.Traffic shows the picture of

current traffic conditions in a city. It

gathers information from different

sources, analyses this data and

maps results on the city’s map on a

web-based mapping service,

Yandex.Maps.

• For the larger cities, where traffic

jams are a serious problem rather

than a small inconvenience,

Yandex.Traffic also calculates

average levels of congestion on a

scale from 0 to 10.

Mapping the World

OpenStreetMaps

https://blog.openstreetmap.org/

http://www.openstreetmap.org/

OpenStreetMaps

https://help.openstreetmap.org/,

http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Main_Page

http://umap.openstreetmap.fr/en/

Google Maps

Google myMaps

https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.android.apps.m4b

https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/

Google Map Maker

Google Earth

Nokia Here

Android Version

Samsung Gear VR Glass Version

https://www.here.com/

Mapquest

Maps Creator

Collaborative Maps

World Metro Maps

Comparing Sources (Geocoding / Address)

Geocoding from IP Address

Reverse Geocoder

DeCarta: Bought by UBER

Places for Android and iOS

The Places APIs for Android and iOS bridge the gap between simple

geographic locations expressed as latitude and longitude, and how people

associate location with a known place.

Mobility Lab Tools

Subway Map

Transitive.js

Leaflet: open-source JavaScript library for mobile-

friendly interactive maps

AirBnB “AT-AT”

Journey Planner Algorithm

And Engines

Searching The Fastest Algorithm

• In 1959, Dijkstra published the first algorithm.

• Tree of minimum total length between n nodes

• In 1987, the algorithm was improved by Tarjan.

• But still not efficient enough for computer available at that time

• In 2005, a challenge organised by Dimacs lead to the modern version of the

algorithm.

• The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology did provide several very efficient ones

• In 2008, Geisberger proposed the “ Contraction Hierarchies ” algorithm

• Faster and simpler for route calculation, used by OSRM

• In 2012, Daniel Delling from Microsoft Research proposed RAPTOR

• The algorithm is the one used by Navitia

• In 2013, the “connection scan algorithm” was released improving Raptor

Open Source Routing Engines

• Most of open source routing engines are bundled with a web/mobile front-

end and a cartography service.

• EU funded Multi-modal Journey Planner

• GraphServer, Navitia, Open Source Routing Machine (OSRM), R4

• Some offers only a Library or API• Mumoro is Library that aims to provide multimodal routing

• Research projects

• Path2Go, Synthese

GRAPHSERVER

• Graphserver is a multi-modal trip planner. Graphserver supports transit

modes through GTFS, and street-based modes through OSM.

• The core graphserver library has Python bindings which provide easy

construction, storage, and analysis of graph objects.

Navitia 2.0 (Open Source)

https://github.com/CanalTP/navitia

1.multi-modal journeys computation

2.line schedules

3.next departures

4.explore public transport data

5.sexy things such as isochrones

Open Source Routing Machine (OSRM)

• C++ implementation of a high-performance routing engine for shortest paths

in road networks.

• Combines sophisticated routing algorithms with the open and free road network data of

the OpenStreetMap (OSM) project.

Rapid Real-time Routing

• RRRR (usually pronounced R4) is a C-language implementation of the

RAPTOR public transit routing algorithm.

• https://github.com/bliksemlabs/rrrr

• Project from the developers of OpenTripPlanner

• The goal of this project is to generate sets of Pareto-optimal itineraries over large

geographic areas (e.g. BeNeLux or all of Europe), improving on the resource

consumption and complexity of existing more flexible alternatives.

• It is the core routing component of the Bliksem journey planner and passenger

information system.

• The system should eventually support real-time vehicle/trip updates reflected in trip

plans and be capable of running directly on a mobile device with no Internet connection.

MUltiModal MUltiObjective ROuting

• Mumoro is a research project

• Library aims to provide multimodal routing: combining subway, walking and bike.

• It is also multiobjective: it finds the best route optimizing according to time

taken, mode changes, CO2 emissions etc.

• https://github.com/Tristramg/mumoro/

Path2Go

Synthese

https://extranet.rcsmobility.com/projects/synthese/wiki

Routing Engines Through API

https://www.rome2rio.com/documentationhttp://www.programmableweb.com/

Transit Platforms &

Applications

IQTransit

Transloc

TransLoc is building an on-demand system for transit agencies

CityTransit Information

• City Specific Web with live info

• Transport for London

• MTA in New York City and Augmented Reality to Animate NYC Subway Maps

• Making transit information ubiquitous in buildings and other public spaces

• Transiteditor and TransitScreen

• Bus Specific

• OneBusAway experiment

Transport for London

Tunnel Vision NYC

Augmented reality to show the traffic density

TransitScreen (USA)

OneBusAway

Ecosystem of apps

http://www.transiteditor.com/

Multi-City Transit Applications

• Moovit and Ototo: mobile app leveraging crowd information and delivering

door-to-door public transport information.

• Scout, now using Open Street Map and offering both GPS, and traffic

information.

• RideScout is a startup looking to simplify transit options for people on the go.

• OMG transit offers multimodal search and transportation options and

booking

• The Transit works in 76 metropolitan areas that believe in Open Data.

• Cisco Personal Travel Assistant (PTA)

• Research

• Mobility Lab Transit Tech Initiative

Moovit: Where’s My Public Transport?

• Wants to solve the “uncertainty” that public transit users face.

• Where’s my bus right now? How do I find the right stop to board it? How do I pay when I

get on? It’s enough to make you want to stick with a car.

• One big challenge that Moovit faces is the sheer variety of different data

sources it has to handle.

• In some areas, there are real-time feeds of bus and train locations available, whereas in

others it has to work with fixed timetable information.

• What’s more, that data comes to Moovit in a variety of formats from 2,000 transport

agencies around the world.

• 30 employees (Dec. 2013) and already and already 100 metropolitan areas

Moovit: Where’s My Public Transport?

RideScout: Transit Data Hub

• uses Google App Engine, Google Datastore, and Python and Django.

• As the company adds new data sources from across the country, it plans to

eventually make it easy to plan a trip from California to D.C. with a single

search

OMG Transit (USA cities)

The Transit App

Cisco Personal Travel Assistant (PTA)

• Improve the transit experience of commuters by giving them access to

transportation information via a web enabled mobile device from any

location.

• Joint project between Cisco, City of Seoul and city of Amsterdam

• The PTA consists of a number of solution elements including:

• A personal travel planner which among other functions allows the user to select the

optimal modes of transport for their journey, schedule travel activities and reduce their

carbon emissions.

• Carbon Calculator which informs users of their carbon footprint over time (daily, weekly,

monthly and yearly)

• Real Time Router which allows the user to optimize their trip as and when conditions

change (e.g.: traffic accidents).

• Transportation Information Service providing information about public transport options,

routes, arrival times and schedules.

Cisco Personal Travel Assistant (PTA)

• The project took 24 months to implement

• The actual (or projected) savings from the project are:

• Reduction of 12.7% in traffic volumes and 12.8% improvement in the speed of vehicles

Mobility Lab Transit Tech Initiative

• Funded through a Demonstration grant by the Virginia Department of Rail

and Public Transportation.

• This project will provide travelers with personalized information that reflects

their transit needs, pulling in the most cutting-edge trends happening at the

intersection of the transportation and technology industries:

• Open transport data standards such as GTFS and openstreetmap

• Multimodal trip planning engines like OpenTripPlanner, and

• Web-based visualization tools such as the D3 library.

• The goal is to answer more fundamental questions about:

• How the important places in a person’s life are connected via various travel options

• How robust those connections are, and

• How they fit into a larger travel decision-making context.

Mobility Lab Transit Tech Initiative

• Much of the initial work has been focused on the design and development of

a new transportation visualization package

• Called Transitive.js, which visually articulates personalized transportation data, drawing

inspiration from stylized transit maps.

• Additionally, work has begun on customizing OpenTripPlanner to generate

summaries of transit options.

• Rather than emphasizing the details of a specific journey at a specific time of day, the

project aims to build features that help people explore and contextualize transport

options as a holistic system.

• By showing how key places are connected, different transport options may become

more easily identified as a logical part of daily routines.

From Transit Applications

To Multimodal Journey

Planner

OpenTripPlanner

• Manage walking, mass transit, bike sharing, and

car sharing on an open source platform for iOS 6

that cities and individuals can help design.

• The app was created by a non-profit technology

organization, OpenPlans, and will be raising

contributions on Kickstarter

• OpenPlans

Transportation: http://transportation.openplans.org/

PlannerStack: Journey Planner as a Service

PlannerStack: “Vibrant” Community

EU funded Multi-modal Journey Planner

• 28 submissions of journey planners, out of which 12 were shortlisted.

EU-wide Multi-Modal Travel InformationEU-wide Real-Time Traffic information

Free safety-related minimum Traffic Info

Interoperable EU-wide eCall

EU ITS Directive

EU funded Multi-modal Journey Planner

European Itinerary Search

Multimodal Door to Door

Journey Planner

Traveler journey before

Source: World Economic Forum/The Boston Consulting Group analysis

MultiModal is the new Paradigm!

Door to Door, from A to B, …• Travel today is more than just station to station; it is about door-to-door

connectivity, thus giving rise to new market players offering integrated

various modes to travel.

• Definition

• From an origin and a destination and a set of optimization criteria to get one or more

routes combining different transport modes.

• This definition is now “extended”

• And provide in-mobility real time information and advices for a seamless journey and

reducing

• Travel time

• Traveler stress

• City congestion and pollution

• Etc.

• Could be used to promote certain mode of transportation and to analyze the demand by

transportation operators.

• Majors steps for providers :

• Geocoding (and positioning positions in a graph)

• Route calculation (shortest path, or best path using different weights)

• Presentation of the results (biasing, filtering)

• Real-time Route directions (step by step) and alerts

• Aggregation of data and analysis

From Travel to Mobility: Multimodal & Door to Door

Image from http://mobilitylab.org/tech/transit-tech-initiative/https://citymapper.com/

Mobility: Multimodal & Door to Door

• Multimodal is a way to combine metro (subway), train, bus, bicycle, walk or

car to go from one place to another.

• The other terminology used is "door to door", in that case, you have to add taxi and

black car (car with chauffeur).

• Some important distinctions should be noted when speaking of multimodal

search:

• Planning vs.. Booking: some routing includes prices some not

• Routing could be based on actual timetables or only on approximate ones

• For example some do not use actual timetables (they use information like: 'one train every

hour' and might then be wrong by up to an hour), most others do.

• Multimodal is emerging mainly due to the high speed train network, but also to reduce

CO2 emission. So they are generally also taken into account as search parameters.

Rome2Rio – MultiModal Search

Rome2Rio: Also a Platform

KDS Neo – Corporate Booking

RouteRank

Multimodal and door-to-door

Major web sites and apps• TravelStoreMaker

• Bulgaria-based TravelStoreMaker has developed software that supports the planning of

complex itineraries across multiple modes of travel, with content coming from many

sources

• Wanderio

• Door-to-door multimodal tool used for B2C (Air, Rail, Bus, and car)

• Use Rome2Rio

• FromAtoB

• Door-to-door multimodal tool used for B2C (Air, Rail, Bus, and car)

Multimodal and door-to-door

Regional offer• Europe

• GoEuro

• Multimodal (Air, Rail, Bus), but not door-to-door (only at city, town and village level)

• MyTripSet

• From Voyages-sncf: Air, Car, Train

• Waymate

• Multi-modal search (Air, Rail, Bus, car), but not yet door-to-door.

• USA

• HopStop (bought by Apple)

• US local door-to-door and transit transportation

• Now offering some other countries and cities …

Multimodal ground transportation

• Kelbillet

• French multimodal search engine that indexes fares for trains, buses, airplanes, cars,

and rideshares. It’s aimed at French travelers taking domestic and short-haul trips.

• Loco2

• UK multimodal train only search engine in Europe within thousands of European

destinations.

• Wanderu

• Ground transport metasearch website that helps travelers find and book inter-city bus

and train travel in the USA.

• Mozio

• From and to Airport, mainly cab and shared bus.

Multimodal search - France Initiative

• France is launching a project to create a nation-wide multimodal search

engine by 2015

• Initiative from french gov. agency named: « Agence française pour l’information

multimodale et la billettique (Afimb) » and with

• Transportation Agency: Groupement des autorités responsables de transport (Gart)

• French Regions : Association des régions de France (ARF).

• Objective

• Find an itinerary in France using: plane, train, car, metro, tramway, bus, bycicle, car

sharing and Taxi

• A technical report to be published in 2014 and realised by Moviken

• Then a call for proposal for making it real for 2015

Multimodal search

By Geography• Country Based

• India: MakeMyTrip RoutePlanner covers 1 billion multi-modal routes and provides

service via Web, mobile apps and even SMS

• France: GeoVelo, Wehicles, Mappy

• Germany: Qixxit / AllRyder (mobile only from WayMate) / HAFAS from Hacon

• Great Britain – TransportDirect

• Netherlands: http://9292.nl/en

• Map makr

• Country Region Based

• Simplicim (Lorraine France) for EU itinerary

• StationMobile (Grenoble France)

Multimodal Search - By Geography

• City based

• City Mapper: London, NYC, Paris, Berlin

• CitiWay

• Sharette: mix public transportation and ride-sharing

CityMapper

CityMapper API

CitiWay

Sharette

Examples

Tools Possible Classification

B2B B2C

What’s your need?

Multimodal

Door-to-door

Integrated Booking

Planning Only

Redirect to suppliers

KDS NeoRouteRank

Rome2Rio

Multimodal

Door-to-door

Integrated Booking

Planning Only

myTripSetsMakeMyTrip

WanderioFromAtoB

CityMapperMoovit

Platform and Ecosystems

Platform: What Are We Doing That’s Bigger Than Us?

• Platform is one of the most misunderstood ideas in the world of the Digital

world.

• Platforms can be accidental or intentional.

• A platform is a foundational product that moves beyond product status by

encouraging others to build, play, and/or iterate on top of it.

• The value and utility of the system is continually being discovered and expanded not just

by the organization, but by its users and customers.

• Platforms are shared innovation engines that outsource the costly and

uncertain discovery process.

• Many platforms today are 100% software, but they don’t have to be.

• AirBnB and Uber turned the physical world (cars and housing) into a platform for

millions.

Platform: What Are We Doing That’s Bigger Than Us?

• Users are building businesses on the back of the platform, and in some

cases changing how they operate in order to better serve the platform.

• Establishing a platform in the center of a robust digital ecosystem requires a

digital operating model, one that is appropriately permeable to third parties

that can co-create new value from what a company and others have to offer.

Source: Aaron Dignan Medium blog Post

From a platform the company builds upon to a platform the world builds upon!

PlannerStack

A-Mano – Geolocalised Platform in-situ

CitizenData

CitizenGate

GE Predix: Platform for Industrial Age

Daimler Mobility Services Moovel

https://www.moovel.com/

GottaPark

Simpli-City

• Mobility Service Framework

• A next-generation European-wide service platform allowing the creation of mobility-

related services as well as the creation of corresponding Apps.

• This will enable third party providers to produce a wide range of interoperable, value-

added services, and Apps for road users.

• Mobility-related Data as a Service

• A framework for the integration of various different data sources like sensors,

cooperative systems, telematics, open data repositories, people-centric sensing, and

media data streams, so that these data can be accessed and utilised in a unified way.

• Personal Mobility Assistant

• An end user assistant that allows road users to make easily use of the information

provided by Apps and to interact with them based on a speech recognition approach.

Simpli-City

CitizenGate

eBay Hotels In Germany

Other Platforms

http://www.covoiturage.fr/ http://www.kelbillet.fr/

HopOn: Smart Mobile Ticketting

Platform Ecosystems are created Through APIs

The new digital, networked, real-time society forces us to start thinking and acting as an ecosystem.

Ecosystems are developed using platforms to glue services via API and fundsto encourage startups and partners to hook in

Three types of public transport APIs

1. The first is created by volunteers who just scrape the data. As the API

creators are also reusing them, the format and vocabulary for their

responses and resources are often custom made for their specific use case.

• Examples: Swiss Public Transport API, Belgium iRail

2. A second type of APIs are the ones created by data owners or the transport

companies themselves.

• They are set up in order to stimulate reuse for use cases they have in mind. The

problem with these APIs is that often there are rate limits; it is hard to get through the

user agreements; they have awkward SOAP/XML constructions; and they don't follow

existing specifications such as SIRI or GTFS-realtime.”

• Examples: Dutch Railways, French National Railways

Three types of public transport APIs

3. A third type of APIs are the ones created by a consortium of stakeholders

reusing the API and the data owner.

• The API comes to exist after different people with different use cases are putting forward

some resources they need, when they also add how the response should look like, and

maybe help build these APIs on top of Open Data.

• Examples: Bliksem Labs, Navitia, OpenTripPlanner

API: Stichting OpenGeo (Netherlands)

Transport API Britain

• The Transport API has about 600 developers, and while initial growth

focused on smartphone apps, it is seeing greater uptake among hyperlocal

applications offered by larger enterprises.

• Becoming a data aggregator is one approach to commercialization that may

suit some developers. For Transport API, the opportunities to service new

markets is continually growing.

• Commercial API license model has drawn in hyperlocal customers like

ScreachTV and Toothpick

• It is also servicing large government authorities and global franchises operating in the

• Heathrow airport populating their kiosk screens and websites.

API: Transport API Britain

Target the developers!

API: Transport API Britain (Bus. Model)

API: Metropolitan Transit Authority of New York

(MTA)• The Metropolitan Transit Authority of New York (MTA) provides the MTA

API for access to New York’s subway and bus GTFS data feeds.

• A new policy will require developers to register for an API key before being

granted access to the API data.

• Since the MTA began publishing its open data in 2008, over 200 mobile apps

using MTA data have been launched by the developer community

• MTA’s terms and conditions of use require developers “to download and host

the data on the developer's or a third party's server and to make the data

available to others who will access the server provided by the developer.”

(Original emphasis in the terms and conditions.)

MTA Developers Discussions

Target the developers!

API: Queensland Australia

• The state of Queensland, in Australia, has responsibility for managing public

transport services for its cities, including Brisbane.

• Its Department of Transport and Main Roads’ TransLink division has

released the OPIA API, which strongly recommends that developers build

their own server-side service that wraps the TransLink API and to use

caching of all data except the data needed for immediate journey planning.

API: TransitCast

• Writing an API on top of existing APIs, perhaps by augmenting additional

information, is definitely a viable business model.

• This is the approach TransiCast has taken:

• specialized in aggregating transit data across North America

• working on curating public transportation data access on GoogleTransitDataFeed since

2006, with no association with Google

• Out of the 300 feeds covered, about 20 require API keys, and they keep those as issued

by the agency to developers, to place calls to the agency web services

• Use Google App Engine (GAE)

API: TransitCast

API: City Service Dev. Kit

• Co-funded by the European Union, developer-facing API design-model that

hopes to become a standard across European cities

API: Others

• TriMet in Portland waqs one of the first having implemented GTFS and real-

time feeds and have a host of experience

• Use Microsoft Azure

• Transport for London has pioneered the bulk delivery of real-time data as

well as targeted real-time APIs at large scale.

• Use Microsoft Azure

• Navitia is an emerging open source API platform for public transport data.

• Contributors are being invited to upload transport data to the platform for their cities, and

six cities are already available.

• The API provides a common transit glossary so that developers can scale applications

for cities using the same resource calls.

Multimodal Door-To-Door

is the future of mobility

Multimodal Door-To-Door is the future of mobility

• Door-to-door app are starting on the lower-end of

the market offering local mobile transit information

and now booking.

• Then, with time, they will grow and target the major

cities, then some key regions and all transports

• These companies are looking for growth, targeting

the major revenue niches

• Multimodal Search and online booking, real time

transportation data will merge to create new kind of

virtual mobility assistant: The IPITA

Key Resources

• Tristram Grabener blog and PHD thesis (in French)

• Frost & Sullivan’s Future of Mobility

• Mobility Lab Transit Tech Initiative

Claudine O'Sullivanhttp://www.claudineosullivan.com/Email : info@claudineosullivan.com

William(at)el-kaim(point)com

+33 6 41 73 00 34

http://fr.linkedin.com/in/williamelkaim

http://www.twitter.com/welkaim

http://www.slideshare.net/welkaim

Rise of smart mobility part 2 - technology for the multi-modal silent traveler

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