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Laura McLay's women in engineering luncheon presentation at CASE 2013 (IEEE conference on automation science & engineering)
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FIVE OBSERVATIONS ABOUT WOMEN IN ENGINEERING
9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
AUTOMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
LAURA MCLAY, PHD Associate Professor
Industrial & Systems Engineering University of Wisconsin-‐Madison
lmclay@wisc.edu @lauramclay on twitter
http://punkrockOR.wordpress.com
INFORMS Forum for Women in Operations Research and the Management Sciences (WORMS) • https://www.informs.org/Community/WORMS
• @INFORMS_WORMS on twitter
• Women in INFORMS are not automatically members
• Please invite your women students and colleagues to join
• Luncheon and cluster of talks at the INFORMS Annual Meeting in Minneapolis, October 6-‐9, 2013.
Laura McLay, CASE Conference 2013 2
OBSERVATION 1: WOMEN ARE GETTING ENGINEERING DEGREES
Laura McLay, CASE Conference 2013 3
Women: proportion of all engineering bachelor’s degrees
Laura McLay, CASE Conference 2013 4
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
Wom
en as a pe
rcen
tage
of a
ll ba
chelor's re
cipien
ts
Math/CS
Engineering
Women: proportion of all engineering MS degrees
Laura McLay, CASE Conference 2013 5
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
Wom
en as a prop
ortion
of a
ll ba
chelor's re
cipien
ts
Math/CS
Engineering
Women: proportion of all engineering PhD degrees
Laura McLay, CASE Conference 2013 6
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
Wom
en as a pe
rcen
tage
of a
ll PhD
recipien
ts Math/CS
Engineering
OBSERVATION 2: WOMEN PHDS ARE MORE LIKELY TO GO INTO ACADEMIA
Laura McLay, CASE Conference 2013 7
Where new PhDs are employed according to gender across all fields (2010) * among those who have jobs when they graduate
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Engineering Physical Sciences
(including math/CS)
Type of Job Men Women Men Women
Academe 19.6% 23.2% 34.1% 44.1%
Government 12.9% 12.0% 9.4% 10.6%
Industry 62.1% 58.2% 51.1% 37.4%
Not for Profit 3.1% 3.7% 2.8% 2.5%
Other 2.4% 2.4% 2.5% 5.4% http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/sed/data_table.cfm
OBSERVATION 3: WOMEN DROP OUT OF
ENGINEERING
Laura McLay, CASE Conference 2013 9
Women in the workforce As a percentage of all employees in certain sectors
Laura McLay, CASE Conference 2013 10
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
1983 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008
Percen
tage
of w
omen
in th
e workforce
Mathematical or computer scientist
Engineer
10.6% in 2009
A majority male environment leads women to leave engineering • “Women actually don’t leave jobs in science at an above average rate. The difference…comes from the engineering sector.”
• NSF data from more than 200,000 people 1993 – 2003
• Hunt, J. (2010). Why do women leave science and engineering? (No. w15853). National Bureau of Economic Research.
http://punkrockor.wordpress.com/2011/10/28/five-‐articles-‐about-‐women-‐and-‐engineering/
Laura McLay, CASE Conference 2013 11
Another study implicated the majority male environment in engineering • Women surveyed who left engineering cited working conditions and issues such as a lack of career advancement, low salary, condescending/patronizing tones
• Many women did not enter engineering after graduation due to a poor perception of the culture of the field
• http://studyofwork.com/ by UW-‐Milwaukee
http://punkrockor.wordpress.com/2011/10/28/five-‐articles-‐about-‐women-‐and-‐engineering/
Laura McLay, CASE Conference 2013 12
OBSERVATION 4: BUT WOMEN HAVE A WONDERFUL HISTORY IN ENGINEERING &
COMPUTING
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The first supercomputer was powered by women
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The original programmers of ENIAC computer were women. When the U.S. Army introduced the ENIAC to the public, it introduced the male inventors, but it never introduced the female programmers. The women have been inducted into the Women in Technology International Hall of Fame. http://www.maximumpc.com/article/features/12_things_you_didn%E2%80%99t_know_about_eniac http://punkrockor.wordpress.com/2011/03/03/the-‐first-‐supercomputer-‐was-‐powered-‐by-‐women/
Retro computing pictures
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Colossus 1944
IBM NORC 1954 http://royal.pingdom.com/2009/12/11/retro-‐delight-‐gallery-‐of-‐early-‐computers-‐1940s-‐1960s/
Honeywell 200, 1963
Bell Labs in the late 1960s
Courtesy of Larry Luckham’s delightful website: http://www.luckham.org/LHL.Bell%20Labs%20Days.html
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Cosmopolitan magazine • 1967 feature story on women computer programmers
• Programming is just like “planning a dinner”
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http://blog.fogcreek.com/girls-‐go-‐geek-‐again/
And more recently…
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OBSERVATION 5: WOMEN NEED
ADVOCATES, NOT JUST MENTORS
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Women engineers need advocates: How to increase the visibility of women researchers • Have at least one female plenary speaker if you are organizing a conference.
• Nominate females for professional recognitions – from students to senior colleagues.
• Invite female researchers to speak at your campuses.
• Publicize the successes of the accomplishments of females in newsletters, media, press releases, etc.
• Nominate females for professional society offices.
• Appoint females to journal editorial boards.
• And, when someone achieves, send a congratulatory note (a great idea for both male and female colleagues)
http://annanagurney.blogspot.com/2013/05/be-‐advocate-‐for-‐female-‐researchers.html
Laura McLay, CASE Conference 2013 20
Thank you! My contact information:
• lmclay@wisc.edu
• @lauramclay on twitter
• Today’s slides are posted on my blog: http://punkrockOR.wordpress.com
Laura McLay, CASE Conference 2013 21
Three future women in engineering?
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