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My presentation from TCUK 2013 about how our knowledge is incomplete, and fragmented, and how we as information and training designers, can architect systems for this environment.
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RAY GALLONC U L T U R E C O M
Presentation © 2013 Ray Gallon all rights reserved
THE QUANTUM FUNNEL
Working with the Black Holes of Knowledge
The Transfo
rmation Socie
ty
Saturday, 28 September 2013
Presentation © 2013 Ray Gallon all rights reserved
Who Is This Guy?Ray Gallon - The Humanist Nerd
Research collaborator and principal, The Transformation Society, a new research and training institute in Barcelona, Spain
■ 20 years in technical communication with major companies such as G.E. Healthcare, Alcatel, IBM, etc.
■ Member, board of directors, Society for Technical Communication (STC)
■ Past president, STC France
■ Award-‐winning radio producer and journalist – CBC, NPR, France Culture, etc. and former programme manager, WNYC-‐FM, New York Public Radio
Owner/Consultant, Culturecom – specialist in usability, content strategy, and user assistance for software
Saturday, 28 September 2013
Presentation © 2013 Ray Gallon all rights reserved
NUREMBERG_FUNNEL_-‐_AD_STAMP_1910.JPG
The Nürnberg Funnel
Saturday, 28 September 2013
Presentation © 2013 Ray Gallon all rights reserved
The Quantum Funnel
WIKIPEDIA
OTHER WIKIS
USER FORUMS
USER ASSISTANCE
Saturday, 28 September 2013
Presentation © 2013 Ray Gallon all rights reserved
Missing Pieces
KNOWLEDGE
AUTO
NOMY
Neus Lorenzo, The Transformation Society
HTTP://PHOTOGRAPHY.NATIONALGEOGRAPHIC.COM/PHOTOGRAPHY/PHOTO-OF-THE-DAY/EASTERN-SCREECH-OWL-GEORGIA/
Saturday, 28 September 2013
Presentation © 2013 Ray Gallon all rights reserved
HTTP://UPLOAD.WIKIMEDIA.ORG/WIKIPEDIA/COMMONS/C/CD/BLACK_HOLE_MILKYWAY.JPG
Who Will Fill in the Black Holes?
HTTP://THAIASTRO.NECTEC.OR.TH/NEWS/2002/IMG/NEWS2002NOV03A.JPG
HTTP://UPLOAD.WIKIMEDIA.ORG/WIKIPEDIA/COMMONS/5/5E/BH_LMC.PNG
HTTP://WALLSE.NET/SEARCH/T/E3/B3B.JPG
IMAGE BY MARK VAN NORDEN HTTP://FARM9.STATICFLICKR.COM/8342/8275081235_35EB0091A9_Z.JPG
Saturday, 28 September 2013
Presentation © 2013 Ray Gallon all rights reserved
What We Used to Use
Saturday, 28 September 2013
Presentation © 2013 Ray Gallon all rights reserved
What We Use Today
Saturday, 28 September 2013
Presentation © 2013 Ray Gallon all rights reserved
How it’s Different
PredeterminedStatic Structure
Flexible, Emergent Structure, based on Contingent Need
Saturday, 28 September 2013
Presentation © 2013 Ray Gallon all rights reserved
What Structures an Online Search?
Search terms you enterSearch en
gine algorithms -‐
Page rank, ontologie
s (semantic web), etc.
Geolocation (you get google.fr
instead of google.com...)
Personal data co
llected by the sea
rch
engine (“the sea
rch bubble”)
Saturday, 28 September 2013
Presentation © 2013 Ray Gallon all rights reserved
Knowledge is activated in the world as much as in the head of an individual.It exists within systems which are accessed through people participating in activities.
Cognitive Bases: Connectivism - Learning is More Important than Knowing
Learning is the process of creating connections and elaborating a network. In this metaphor, a node is anything that can be connected to another node such as an organisation, information, data, feelings and images.
Learning may reside in non-‐human appliances.
Learning is more critical than knowing.
Maintaining and nurturing connections is needed to facilitate continual learning.
Perceiving connections between fields, ideas and concepts is a core skill.
Currency (accurate, up-‐to-‐date knowledge) is the intent of learning activities.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connectivism
Essential Knowledge Components:
Know howKnow whatKnow whereKnow whenImplied:Know how to beKnow how to be with others
Saturday, 28 September 2013
Presentation © 2013 Ray Gallon all rights reserved
Cognitive Bases: Constructivism - Active Social Learning
Based on experiencing an environment first-‐hand:
Reliable, trust-‐worthy knowledge
The learner acts upon the environment to acquire and test new knowledge
Self-‐directed, creative, and innovative
Instructors are facilitators, not teachers
The context is central to the learning itself
Active social process of collaboration to arrive at shared understanding
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructivism_(learning_theory)
Saturday, 28 September 2013
Presentation © 2013 Ray Gallon all rights reserved
Active Learning: Learning by Doing
Roger C. Schank’s Schema -‐ We remember independent, self-‐contained scripts, or Memory Organization Packets (MOP’s)
Restaurant Airplane Clothing Shop
PayBeing seated Eat
Choose
Romantic Conversation
PayBeing seated Eat
Choose
Pay
Choose
Fasten Seatbelt
Try on
MOP’s are composed of scenes, which can be generalized from one MOP to another
Serve wine
REF: http://cogprints.org/637/1/LearnbyDoing_Schank.html
Saturday, 28 September 2013
Presentation © 2013 Ray Gallon all rights reserved
Active Learning: Learning by Doing
Networks of Scenes
Restaurant Airplane Clothing Shop
PayBeing seated Eat
Choose
PayBeing seated Eat
Choose
Pay
Choose
Fasten Seatbelt
Try on
MOP’s are composed of scenes, which can be generalized from one MOP to another
Serve wine
REF: http://cogprints.org/637/1/LearnbyDoing_Schank.html
Pay Network
Eat Network
Choose Network
Saturday, 28 September 2013
Presentation © 2013 Ray Gallon all rights reserved
Networks of Networks
Exchangin
g understa
ndings of
networks
of scenes
expands o
ur
ability to m
utually co
mmunicate
them to b
eginners
http://socialps
ychologyeye.
files.wordpre
ss.com/2011/0
4/strange_gro
up.jpg
Saturday, 28 September 2013
Presentation © 2013 Ray Gallon all rights reserved
What is Mastery?
HTTP://IMG.GAWKERASSETS.COM/IMG/18K10WY7NQ900JPG/KU-‐BIGPIC.JPG
1. How to Use the Camera
Explicit Instruction:
Features, buttons, menus, etc.
Saturday, 28 September 2013
Presentation © 2013 Ray Gallon all rights reserved
What is Mastery?
HTTP://BRAIN.PAN.E-‐MERCHANT.COM/4/7/21007774/U_21007774.JPG
2. Take a “good” photograph
Hands-‐on practice
Implicit and factual comprehension
Saturday, 28 September 2013
Presentation © 2013 Ray Gallon all rights reserved
3. Decide how, what, when...
Collaborative refection
Contextual reference
What is Mastery?
HTTP://THUMBS.DREAMSTIME.COM/Z/JOYFUL-‐GROUP-‐YOUNG-‐PEOPLE-‐TAKING-‐SELF-‐PORTRAIT-‐7767413.JPG
Saturday, 28 September 2013
Presentation © 2013 Ray Gallon all rights reserved
The Linguistic Competency Funnel
Integrated Learning
Quantity
Qua
lity
Literal Content
Communication
Cognition
A1 Beginner
A2 Basic
B1 Threshold
Community
Complexity
Criteria Selection
C1 Functional
B2 Advanced
C2 Mastery
In moving from contingent need to confusion, we still learn more.
COMPLEXITY ≠ CHAOS!
Quantity of information > contingent need
learner gets confused, sense of chaos
Can’t keep track of it all
Interfaces, hardware, software, user assistance, hands-‐on and conceptual combined
Neus Lorenzo, The Transformation Society
Saturday, 28 September 2013
Presentation © 2013 Ray Gallon all rights reserved
The OECD Has Added Collaborative Problem-Solving To Its PISA Tests Of Basic Competencies
For 2015 And Beyond
Saturday, 28 September 2013
Presentation © 2013 Ray Gallon all rights reserved
Matrix of CollaborativeProblem Solving Skills for PISA 2015 (OECD)
REFHTTP://21K12.FILES.WORDPRESS.COM/2013/06/CPS-‐PISA.JPG
Saturday, 28 September 2013
Presentation © 2013 Ray Gallon all rights reserved
The Collaborative Mastery Funnel
Integrated Learning
Quantity
Qua
lity
Discovering team’sabilities
Choose type of collaborative interaction
A1 Understanding
A2 Action
Understanding rolesA3 Team organisation
Exploring and Understanding
Common groundIdentify tasks
B1 UnderstandingB2 Action
Describe team roles(rules of engagement)
B3 Team organisation Representing
and Formulating
Communicating about tasks
Enacting plans
C1 Understanding
C2 Action
Mutual engagement per rules
C3 Team organisation Planning and
Executing
Monitoring/repairingshared understanding
Monitoring/evaluating results
D1 Understanding
D2 Action
Feedback and adaptationD3 Team organisation
Monitoring and Reflecting
Neus Lorenzo, The Transformation Society
Saturday, 28 September 2013
Presentation © 2013 Ray Gallon all rights reserved
Components of Collaborative Problem-Solving
PISA 2015
REF: HTTP://WWW.AGENCIAEDUCACION.CL/WP-‐CONTENT/UPLOADS/2013/04/PRESENTACION-‐LOOI-‐CHEE-‐KIT.PDF
Saturday, 28 September 2013
Presentation © 2013 Ray Gallon all rights reserved
How Do We Fill the Gaps in UA?
Level 1 -‐ internal, contextual
Level 2 -‐ external, contextual
Level 3 -‐ interactive, contextual
Saturday, 28 September 2013
Presentation © 2013 Ray Gallon all rights reservedHTTP://WWW.LEAR
NINGREVIEW.COM
/MOBILE-SOCIAL
-LEARNING/3412
-M-LEARNING-EN
-ACCION
How Do We Fill the Gaps in Training?
Sequential, instructor-‐led classes Still has merit for specific skill acquisitionEven so, trainees will have different knowledge Instructors must plan for individual work
eLearning, mLearning -‐ allow for personal, and self-‐guided skills acquisition, engage the learner:
Learner becomes content creator and author of his/her own learning experienceDemand collaboration and lead to the discovery of creative collective solutionsCan lead to the development of ongoing learning networksAnchor learning through real-‐world application
MOOC’s
Saturday, 28 September 2013
Presentation © 2013 Ray Gallon all rights reserved
Mooc’s
Massive Open Online Course
Social learning:Mutual exchange of knowledge & expertise
Instructor is a moderator and guide
Limited in time
Self organizing – users fill their own particular gaps
Social networking
Formal structure Multimedia
Saturday, 28 September 2013
Presentation © 2013 Ray Gallon all rights reserved
Curators, Not Gate Keepers
h"p://cdn.mactrast.com/wp-‐content/uploads/2011/09/Rotary-‐iPhone.png
XSaturday, 28 September 2013
Presentation © 2013 Ray Gallon all rights reserved
The Curator as Story-Teller
KNOWLEDGE
AUTO
NOMY
Neus Lorenzo, The Transformation Society
Saturday, 28 September 2013
Presentation © 2013 Ray Gallon all rights reserved
Thank You!
RAY GALLONC U L T U R E C O M
Email: infodesign@culturecom.net
Google Plus: +Ray GallonTwitter: @RayGallonLinkedIn: Ray Gallon
Check out my blog, Rant of a Humanist Nerd:http://humanistnerd.culturecom.net
Portions of this presentation based on research by
the Transformation Society Research group.
Member, Board of Directors
Saturday, 28 September 2013
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