RailsConf 2011 Keynote

Before I Begin...

Wednesday, May 18, 2011

@jonleighton

♥ ♥ ♥ ♥ ♥ ♥ ♥ ♥ ♥

♥ ♥ ♥ ♥ ♥ ♥ ♥ ♥ ♥Wednesday, May 18, 2011

♥Wednesday, May 18, 2011

I ♥ José

Double Dream Hands:SO INTENSE

ZOMG!!!Wednesday, May 18, 2011

HAPPYWednesday, May 18, 2011

RAILSWednesday, May 18, 2011

CONFWednesday, May 18, 2011

♥ ♥ ♥ ♥Wednesday, May 18, 2011

Aaron Patterson

@tenderlove

AT&T, AT&T logo and all AT&T related marks are trademarks of AT&T Intellectual Property and/or AT&T affiliated companies.Wednesday, May 18, 2011

WWFMD?Wednesday, May 18, 2011

Richard GabrielResearcher

Guy SteeleSoftware Architect

DHHPartner

Aaron BatalionCTO

Chad DickersonCTO

Dan MeltonCTO

Corey HainesCorey Haines

Eric RiesVenture Advisor

Aaron PattersonSeñor Software

Engineer

LOLWUT

Señor Software EngineerWednesday, May 18, 2011

Agenda

New Features

Agenda

Development Pro Tips™

Real Talk!

I will be veryTECHNICAL

Implementation and thoughts on API design

I will be veryCRITICAL

Because my audience is smart

Because I care

New Features!

git log --since="1 year ago"

API Strategy

rails generate VC

def halts?(function)

Prepared Statements

select * from 'users' where id = 10

select * from 'users' where id = ?

DATABASE

RAILS APPWednesday, May 18, 2011

DATABASE

RAILS APP

Records

4 Steps!

DATABASE

RAILS APP

DATABASE

RAILS APP

Records

4 Steps!

2 Steps!

Impact

SQLite3

100.00

10 100 1000 10000 100000

y = 0.0002e2.187x

y = 8.556E-5e2.2868x

SQLite3 Simple Prepared Statement

Number of QueriesCached Trend 1Non-Cached Trend 2

8665 q/s12987 q/s

Δ 4322 q/s

10 100 1000 10000 100000

y = 0.0029e2.3111xy = 0.0003e2.2227x

SQLite3 Complex SQL Statement

Number of QueriesCached Trend 1Non-Cached Trend 2

339 q/s4184 q/s

Δ 3845 q/s

PostgreSQL

10 100 1000 10000 100000

y = 0.0004e2.1424xy = 0.0002e2.3018x

PostgreSQL Simple Query

QueriesCached Trend 1No Cache Trend 2

4662 q/s5586 q/s

Δ 924 q/s

10 100 1000 10000 100000

y = 0.0047e2.2153x

y = 0.0005e2.173x

PostgreSQL Complex Query

QueriesCached Trend 1No Cache Trend 2

307 q/s3322 q/s

Δ 3015 q/s

10 100 1000 10000 100000

MySQL Simple Query

QueriesCache No Cache

6410 q/s5154 q/s

Δ -1256 q/s

10 100 1000 10000 100000

MySQL Complex SQL Query

Category TitleCachedNo Cache

626 q/s1198 q/s

Δ 572 q/s

No Query Planning

Two Network Roundtrips

Problem?Wednesday, May 18, 2011

[[#<Mysql::Time:2011-05-13 22:03:55>]]

[["2011-05-13 22:03:55"]]

select updated_at from pirates

[[#<Mysql::Time:2011-05-13 22:03:55>]]

[["2011-05-13 22:03:55"]]

Prepared Statement

[[#<Mysql::Time:2011-05-13 22:03:55>]]

[["2011-05-13 22:03:55"]]

Regular Statement

API Changes

User.find 1

SerializedAttributes

class User < ActiveRecord::Base serialize :preferencesend

user = User.find 1user.preferences = { :hello => 'world!' }user.save!

Saves as YAML

Why YAML?

class User < ActiveRecord::Base serialize :preferences, Base64Encoder.newend

class Base64Encoder def load(value) return unless value value.unpack('m').last end

def dump(text) [text].pack('m') endend

Base 64 Storage

class JSONEncoder def load(value) return unless value JSON.load value end

def dump(text) JSON.dump(text) endend

JSON Storage

class MarshalEncoder def load(value) return unless value Marshal.load value end

def dump(text) Marshal.dump(text) endend

Marshal Storage

class XMLEncoder def load(value) return unless value Nokogiri.XML value end

def dump(doc) doc.to_xml endend

XML Storage

Official NoSQL Support

IT'SOFFICIAL!

2 Caveats

PostgreSQL Only

You might hurt yourself

DO NOT DO THISclass User < ActiveRecord::Base class HStore def load value return unless value eval "{#{value}}" end

def dump value return unless value value.map { |xs| xs.join '=>' }.join ', ' end end

serialize :preferences, HStore.newend

class BCryptCoder def load(value) return unless value BCrypt::Password.new value end

def dump(value) BCrypt::Password.create(value).to_s endend

BCrypt Coder

BCrypt Serialization

class User < ActiveRecord::Base serialize :crazy_column, BCryptCoder.newend

Dumping Loading

YAML dump load

JSON dump load

Marshal dump load

stdlib serialization API

YOU choose

Storage type

Column name

Good Abstractionsyield

Good Features

CONSISTENCYis FREEDOM

and FLEXIBILITY

has_secure_password

class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_secure_passwordend

SECURITY!

user = User.find 1user.password = 'lolwut'user.save!

♥ Introduces a new method

♥ Saves password in `password_digest`

♥ Uses BCrypt

Advantages

♥ Introduces a new method

♥ Saves password in `password_digest`

♥ Uses BCrypt

DisadvantagesAPI is not flexible

Not reusable

GO GREEN!

Write SomethingREUSABLE!

StreamingResponses

response streaming

chunked encoding

Rack API

class MyApp def call(env) [200, { 'X-ZOMG' => 'hi' }, ['web page!']] endend

Rails 3.0.x

class PoniesController def call(env) body << render(:content) body << render(:layout)

[200, {}, body] endend

DelayedEvaluation

Body#each

Rails 3.1.xclass DelayedBody def each yield render(:layout) yield render(:content) endend

class PoniesController def call(env) [200, {}, DelayedBody.new] endend

Middleware

Middleware☹Wednesday, May 18, 2011

Request Timer

Middleware Chain

Connection Manager

Application

Just consider connection manager and application

Middleware Chain

Connection Manager

Application

Middleware Chain

Connection Manager

Application

call(env)

Middleware Chain

Connection Manager

Application

[200, {}, body]

Connection Manager

When ERb is evaluated,db connection does notexist

Connection Manager

Open DB Connection When ERb is evaluated,db connection does notexist

Connection Manager

Open DB Connection

Delegate

Connection Manager

Open DB Connection

Delegate

Close DB Connection

Connection Manager

Open DB Connection

Delegate

Close DB Connection

Return Delegate Values

Problem?Wednesday, May 18, 2011

Body#close

Body Proxy

class ConnectionBodyProxy def initialize(delegate) @delegate = delegate end def each(&blk) @delegate.each(&blk) end def close # CLOSE CONNECTION endend

Connection Manager

class ConnectionManager def initialize(app); @app = app; end

def call(env) # OPEN CONNECTION response = @app.call(env) response[2] = ConnectionBodyProxy.new(response[2]) response endend

~25 middleware

Embrace Diversity

Types of Middleware

♥ Generators (our application)

♥ Filters (gzip, etc)

♥ Lifecycle Handlers (connection management)

Real Talk!

Rails is getting slower

Time for N Requests

10 100 1000 10000

Requests

Rails 2.3 Rails 3.0

Avg Requests / time

10 100 1000 10000

Requests

Rails 2.3 Rails 3.0

MiddlewareIncreased

/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/1.8/usr/bin/rubyTotal samples: 740Focusing on: 740Dropped nodes with <= 3 abs(samples)Dropped edges with <= 0 samples

RackRuntime#call

0 (0.0%)of 463 (62.6%)

RailsRack

Logger#call0 (0.0%)

of 463 (62.6%)

ActionDispatchShowExceptions#call

0 (0.0%)of 381 (51.5%)

RailsRack

Logger#after_dispatch0 (0.0%)

of 80 (10.8%)

#<Class:0x102625d88>#call0 (0.0%)

of 462 (62.4%)

Mutex#synchronize1 (0.1%)

of 462 (62.4%)

RackLock#call

0 (0.0%)of 462 (62.4%)

ActiveSupportBufferedLogger#flush

77 (10.4%)of 78 (10.5%)

RailsApplication#call

0 (0.0%)of 462 (62.4%)

Integer#times0 (0.0%)

of 461 (62.3%)

ActionDispatchCallbacks#call

2 (0.3%)of 383 (51.8%)

ActionDispatchCallbacks#_run_call_callbacks

0 (0.0%)of 381 (51.5%)

ActiveRecordConnectionAdapters

ConnectionManagement#call0 (0.0%)

of 381 (51.5%)

RackSendfile#call

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ActionDispatchRemoteIp#call

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ActiveRecordQueryCache#call

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Class#cache0 (0.0%)

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ActionDispatchCookies#call

4 (0.5%)of 372 (50.3%)

Object#cache0 (0.0%)

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ActionDispatchSession

AbstractStore#call1 (0.1%)

of 367 (49.6%)

ActionDispatchFlash#call

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ActionDispatchParamsParser#call

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ActionDispatchHead#call

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ActionDispatchBestStandardsSupport#call

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RackMethodOverride#call

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ActionDispatchRouting

RouteSet#call0 (0.0%)

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RackMount

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RackMount

RouteSet#recognize1 (0.1%)

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ActionDispatchRoutingRouteSet

Dispatcher#call0 (0.0%)

of 355 (48.0%)

355 355

Array#optimized_each1 (0.1%)

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356 355

Dispatcher#dispatch1 (0.1%)

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PostsController.action3 (0.4%)

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ActionControllerMetal#dispatch

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ActionControllerMetal#process

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AbstractControllerBase#process

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ActionControllerMetal#process_action

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ActiveSupportNotifications.instrument

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ActionControllerMetal#run_callbacks

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AbstractControllerBase#process_action

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Symbol#to_proc4 (0.5%)

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ActiveSupportNotifications

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Object#_render_template2 (0.3%)

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ActionViewTemplate#render

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ApplicationController#_run_process_action_callbacks0 (0.0%)

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PostsController#_run__84203013__process_action__199225275__callbacks0 (0.0%)

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ActionControllerMetal#send_action

0 (0.0%)of 305 (41.2%)

Object#send_action0 (0.0%)

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PostsController#index2 (0.3%)

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ActionControllerMetal#respond_to

0 (0.0%)of 239 (32.3%)

Post.all0 (0.0%)

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ActionControllerMetal#retrieve_response_from_mimes

5 (0.7%)of 239 (32.3%)

ActionControllerMetal#default_render

0 (0.0%)of 231 (31.2%)

ActionControllerMetal#render

1 (0.1%)of 231 (31.2%)

ActionControllerMetal#cleanup_view_runtime

0 (0.0%)of 230 (31.1%)

Benchmark.ms10 (1.4%)

of 230 (31.1%)

ActionControllerMetal#render_to_string

0 (0.0%)of 219 (29.6%)

219230

Benchmark.realtime0 (0.0%)

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220219

ActionControllerMetal#render_to_body

2 (0.3%)of 213 (28.8%)

ActionControllerMetal#_render_template

0 (0.0%)of 210 (28.4%)

Object#render0 (0.0%)

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189185

Object#_render_layout6 (0.8%)

of 155 (20.9%)

Object#_app_views_layouts_application_html_erb___604422253_2164033400_00 (0.0%)

of 148 (20.0%)

Object#stylesheet_link_tag0 (0.0%)

of 85 (11.5%)

Object#javascript_include_tag3 (0.4%)

of 58 (7.8%)

garbage_collector146 (19.7%)

Object#require27 (3.6%)

of 128 (17.3%)165

Kernel#require28 (3.8%)

of 63 (8.5%)

Rails30Application.method_missing

0 (0.0%)of 62 (8.4%)

Object#expand_stylesheet_sources0 (0.0%)

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Object#collect_asset_files81 (10.9%)

ActiveSupportLogSubscriber.flush_all!

0 (0.0%)of 80 (10.8%)

Object#all0 (0.0%)

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ActiveRecordRelation#to_a

1 (0.1%)of 62 (8.4%)

Post.find_by_sql0 (0.0%)

of 57 (7.7%)

Object#run_initializers0 (0.0%)

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RailsInitializable

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RailsApplication#initialize!

0 (0.0%)of 62 (8.4%)

Object#instance_exec2 (0.3%)

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Object#map0 (0.0%)

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SQLiteAdapter#execute1 (0.1%)

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RackRuntime#call

0 (0.0%)of 463 (62.6%)

RailsRack

Logger#call0 (0.0%)

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0 (0.0%)of 381 (51.5%)

RailsRack

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#<Class:0x102625d88>#call0 (0.0%)

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RackLock#call

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RackSendfile#call

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0 (0.0%)of 382 (51.6%)

2 (0.3%)of 377 (50.9%)

Class#cache0 (0.0%)

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0 (0.0%)of 365 (49.3%)

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1 (0.1%)of 360 (48.6%)

2 (0.3%)of 359 (48.5%)

0 (0.0%)of 360 (48.6%)

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RackMount

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RackMount

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Dispatcher#call0 (0.0%)

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356 355

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Post.all0 (0.0%)

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1 (0.1%)of 231 (31.2%)

0 (0.0%)of 230 (31.1%)

of 230 (31.1%)

0 (0.0%)of 219 (29.6%)

219230

of 220 (29.7%)

220219

2 (0.3%)of 213 (28.8%)

0 (0.0%)of 210 (28.4%)

of 190 (25.7%)

189185

of 155 (20.9%)

of 148 (20.0%)

of 85 (11.5%)

of 58 (7.8%)

of 128 (17.3%)165

of 63 (8.5%)

0 (0.0%)of 62 (8.4%)

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Object#all0 (0.0%)

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RailsInitializable

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Object#map0 (0.0%)

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RackRuntime#call

0 (0.0%)of 463 (62.6%)

RailsRack

Logger#call0 (0.0%)

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0 (0.0%)of 381 (51.5%)

RailsRack

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#<Class:0x102625d88>#call0 (0.0%)

of 462 (62.4%)

RackLock#call

0 (0.0%)of 462 (62.4%)

77 (10.4%)of 78 (10.5%)

0 (0.0%)of 462 (62.4%)

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2 (0.3%)of 383 (51.8%)

0 (0.0%)of 381 (51.5%)

of 381 (51.5%)

RackSendfile#call

0 (0.0%)of 383 (51.8%)

0 (0.0%)of 382 (51.6%)

2 (0.3%)of 377 (50.9%)

Class#cache0 (0.0%)

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4 (0.5%)of 372 (50.3%)

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0 (0.0%)of 365 (49.3%)

0 (0.0%)of 360 (48.6%)

1 (0.1%)of 360 (48.6%)

2 (0.3%)of 359 (48.5%)

0 (0.0%)of 360 (48.6%)

of 357 (48.2%)

RackMount

of 357 (48.2%)

RackMount

of 357 (48.2%)

RouteSetDispatcher#call

0 (0.0%)of 355 (48.0%)

355 355

of 356 (48.1%)

356 355

of 355 (48.0%)

of 354 (47.8%)

0 (0.0%)of 350 (47.3%)

0 (0.0%)of 339 (45.8%)

0 (0.0%)of 338 (45.7%)

3 (0.4%)of 337 (45.5%)

0 (0.0%)of 322 (43.5%)

1 (0.1%)of 311 (42.0%)

0 (0.0%)of 305 (41.2%)

of 82 (11.1%)

of 322 (43.5%)

of 189 (25.5%)

2 (0.3%)of 167 (22.6%)

of 310 (41.9%)

0 (0.0%)of 305 (41.2%)

of 305 (41.2%)

0 (0.0%)of 239 (32.3%)

Post.all0 (0.0%)

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1 (0.1%)of 231 (31.2%)

0 (0.0%)of 230 (31.1%)

of 230 (31.1%)

0 (0.0%)of 219 (29.6%)

219230

of 220 (29.7%)

220219

2 (0.3%)of 213 (28.8%)

0 (0.0%)of 210 (28.4%)

of 190 (25.7%)

189185

of 155 (20.9%)

of 148 (20.0%)

of 85 (11.5%)

of 58 (7.8%)

of 128 (17.3%)165

of 63 (8.5%)

0 (0.0%)of 62 (8.4%)

of 83 (11.2%)

0 (0.0%)of 80 (10.8%)

Object#all0 (0.0%)

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RailsInitializable

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0 (0.0%)of 62 (8.4%)

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Object#map0 (0.0%)

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GC Pressure

Stack Depth

Rails 2.3 Rails 3.0 Rails 3.1

Stack Depth

Rails 2.3 Stack

51 deep

Rails 3.0 Stack

60 deep

Rails 3.1 Stack

67 deep

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`process'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-3.0.7/lib/abstract_controller/rendering.rb:41:in `process'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-3.0.7/lib/action_controller/metal.rb:138:in `dispatch'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-3.0.7/lib/action_controller/metal/rack_delegation.rb:14:in `dispatch'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-3.0.7/lib/action_controller/metal.rb:178:in àction'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-3.0.7/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:62:in `call'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-3.0.7/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:62:in `dispatch'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-3.0.7/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:27:in `call'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/rack-mount-0.6.14/lib/rack/mount/route_set.rb:148:in `call'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/rack-mount-0.6.14/lib/rack/mount/code_generation.rb:93:in `recognize'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/rack-mount-0.6.14/lib/rack/mount/code_generation.rb:68:in òptimized_each'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/rack-mount-0.6.14/lib/rack/mount/code_generation.rb:92:in `recognize'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/rack-mount-0.6.14/lib/rack/mount/route_set.rb:139:in `call'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-3.0.7/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:493:in `call'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-3.0.7/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/best_standards_support.rb:17:in `call'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-3.0.7/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/head.rb:14:in `call'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/rack-1.2.2/lib/rack/methodoverride.rb:24:in `call'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-3.0.7/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/params_parser.rb:21:in `call'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-3.0.7/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/flash.rb:182:in `call'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-3.0.7/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/session/abstract_store.rb:149:in `call'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-3.0.7/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/cookies.rb:302:in `call'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-3.0.7/lib/active_record/query_cache.rb:32:in `call'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-3.0.7/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/query_cache.rb:28:in `cache'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-3.0.7/lib/active_record/query_cache.rb:12:in `cache'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-3.0.7/lib/active_record/query_cache.rb:31:in `call'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-3.0.7/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:354:in `call'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-3.0.7/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:46:in `call'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-3.0.7/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:416:in `_run_call_callbacks'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-3.0.7/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:44:in `call'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/rack-1.2.2/lib/rack/sendfile.rb:107:in `call'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-3.0.7/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/remote_ip.rb:48:in `call'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-3.0.7/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/show_exceptions.rb:47:in `call'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/railties-3.0.7/lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:13:in `call'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/rack-1.2.2/lib/rack/runtime.rb:17:in `call'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-3.0.7/lib/active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache.rb:72:in `call'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/rack-1.2.2/lib/rack/lock.rb:11:in `call'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/rack-1.2.2/lib/rack/lock.rb:11:in `synchronize'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/rack-1.2.2/lib/rack/lock.rb:11:in `call'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-3.0.7/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/static.rb:30:in `call'/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/railties-3.0.7/lib/rails/application.rb:168:in `call'fuuu.rb:44fuuu.rb:43:in `times'fuuu.rb:43

TL;DRWednesday, May 18, 2011

Embrace Diversity

We need a change

Generators

class Application def call(request, response) response.write(request, "hello", 200, {})

10.times do |body| response.write(request, body) end

response.close endend

Filtersclass Filter def initialize(filter) @filter = filter end

def write(request, body, status = nil, headers = nil) @filter.write(request, body, status, headers) end

def close @filter.close endend

Lifecycle Hooks

class Handler def before(request) # Connect to database end

def after(request) # Disconnect endend

Stack Depth

Rails 2.3 Rails 3.0 Rails 3.1 Rails 3.2?

Stack Depth

Time for N Requests

10 100 1000 10000

Requests

Rails 2.3 Rails 3.0 Rails 3.2?

Avg Requests / time

10 100 1000 10000

Requests

Rails 2.3 Rails 3.0 Rails 3.2?

git log --until="1 year from now"

We Must Change

Important things to me

Memory

Stack Depth

Backwards Compat

DevelopmentPro Tip™

Final Words

A Message forRails-Core

We will not be here forever

Rails will outlive us

Encourage refactoring

Stop "yes men"

Not all features are Tangible

Good Abstraction yield

Reusable Code

Reusable Codeyield

New Features

Your Homework:

GO GREEN!

Refactor Rails!

GO FORTH ANDCODE!

♥ THANKS! ♥

QUESTIONS?

RailsConf 2011 Keynote

Technology

Teamwork Ain't Easy - RailsConf 2014

Railsconf Virtualization 1212334054160801 9

Hardcore Extending Rails 3 - From RailsConf '10

RailsConf Keynote - History of Ruby

Railsconf Berlin 04.09.2008

RailsConf 2015 - Metasecurity: Beyond Patching Vulnerabilities

Inside ActiveJob - RailsConf 2016

Rails Magazine Issue #2: RailsConf 2009

Keynote MoodleMoot 2011

CIKM 2011 Keynote

Bled 2011 keynote

Eric Ries - The Lean Startup - RailsConf 2011

Effectively Testing Services on Rails - Railsconf 2014

SOTM 2011 keynote

Class of 2011 College Honors Keynote Speaker Keynote Address · Class of 2011 College Honors Keynote Speaker Keynote Address . Class of 2011 Nana Abena Acheampong Bachelor of Science,

Civic Hacking @ Ignite RailsConf

RailsConf 2019€¦ · Extend your presence beyond attendees at the live conference with the keynote livestream sponsorship. Video Recording ... and will be made solely at the discretion

Code4Lib Keynote 2011

Moodlemoot 2011 keynote

Keynote Inspiratiedag 2011