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Yuren Ju <yurenju@gmail.com>
Python-GTK Tutorial
請先安裝
● sudo apt-get install python-pywapi glade
Yuren Ju● Yuren's Info Area● Hacking Thursday
本份投影片……
● 假設你學過任何一種程式語言● 特別有可能是 Java
+Python GTK+
Source: TIOBE Software index
TIOBE 程式語言社群指標
?Source: "Why?", Mike Luckovich, Pulitzer-Winning Political Cartoonist (1 of 4), cc-by-deed
別人怎麼說…
● 適合初學者，但也適合進階開發者● 高度彈性：從大型專案到小型專案都適合使用● you can get the job done
Source: What is Python and Why Python
對我來說的 Python 優點
● 短小精簡● 程式碼簡潔● 快速驗證想法● 處理工作雜事
● e.g. 產生報表、字串置換等
Python
Start!
將程式碼寫於檔案中 打開終端機直接鍵入程式
打開你的終端機！
$ python
python command-line
print "Hello World!!"
資料型態str, int, float, bool, list, dict
數值指定
● String● var = "this is String"
● Integer● var = 1
● Boolean● var = True
● Float● var = 0.1
不需要宣告形態
String var = "this is String";int var = 1;boolean var = true;float var = 0.1;
list & dict● list => 陣列● dict => hash table
list● actors = ["Neo", "Smith", "Trinity", "Oracle"]
● mixed = ["hi", "apple", 0, 0.1, False]
● print actors[1]
● actors.append ("Morpheus")
● del actors[1]
● actors.remove ("Oracle")
● actors[-1]
● actors[:2]
● [1,2,3] + [4,5,6]
If, else, for, while
4 個空白或是一個 tab
if first == True: print "Mr. Anderson."else: print "Welcome back, we missed you."
開頭原本是用括號的地方改用冒號
結尾不需要括號
list (cont.)
for a in actors:
print a
for a in actors[2:]:
print a
print sorted (actors)
del actors[2:]
dict
person = {"name": "Yuren Ju", "website": "http://yure...", "birthday": "yyyy/mm/dd"}
print person["name"]print person["website"]
dict
for k in person: print "%s: %s" % (k, person[k])
if person.has_key ("age"): print "no age attribute"
File Access● f = open('your_file')
● Open file
● readline()● readlines()
來處理些瑣事吧！
COSCUP● 前天系統爆炸了● 我發起了一個紀錄爆炸過程的小活動
無法閱讀Python 上場！
目標輸出成 HTML 方便閱讀
流程
● 下載 google docs 的 csv 檔案● 開啟檔案● 讀取內容● 切割字串● 產生 HTML 網頁
http :/ / j.mp / pygtk-c osc up
Gen.py
function
def func (arg1, arg2): #Do something... return ret
奇技淫巧
● newlist = [n for n in oldlist if n > 50]● function return tuple
Editor
將程式碼寫於檔案中
建議
● Geany● Gedit● eclipse● Of cause~ vim!
Hello-world.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-print "你好世界！"
line 1
Python String
Byte String Unicode String
預設 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
gedit
翻譯
http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/services/language/translate?v=1.0&ie=utf8&q=test&langpair=en|zh-tw
http://j.mp/dXYwLT
#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from urllib2 import urlopenfrom urllib import urlencodeimport simplejsonimport sys
def translate(text): sl="zh-tw" tl="en" langpair='%s|%s'%(tl,sl)
base_url = 'http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/services/language/translate?' data = urlencode({'v':1.0,'ie': 'UTF8', 'q': text, 'langpair':langpair})
url = base_url+data urlres = urlopen(url) json = simplejson.loads(urlres.read())
result = json['responseData']['translatedText'] return result
if __name__ == "__main__": print translate (sys.argv[1])
https://gist.github.com/801339
tw-weather.py#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import pywapi
cities = pywapi.get_cities_from_google('tw', 'zh-tw')
for c in cities: print "%s: " % (cities.index(c)+1), print c['name']
num = int (raw_input ("type: "))city = cities[num-1]weather = pywapi.get_weather_from_google(',,,%s,%s' % (city['latitude_e6'], city['longitude_e6']), 'zh-tw')
print "天氣：%s" % weather['current_conditions']['condition'].encode ('utf-8')print "濕度：%s" % weather['current_conditions']['humidity'].encode ('utf-8')print "現在溫度：%s" % weather['current_conditions']['temp_c'].encode ('utf-8')
https://gist.github.com/801493
Class/Object
#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
class FirstClass: def __init__(self): self.data = ["a", "b", "c"]
def print_data(self): print self.data
if __name__ == "__main__": f = FirstClass() f.print_data()
class FirstClass { private String[] data;
public FirstClass() { String[] data = {"a", "b", "c"}; this.data = data; }
public void printData() { for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) { System.out.println (data[i]); } }
public static void main (String[] args) { FirstClass f = new FirstClass(); f.printData(); }}
GTK+
Windows FormwxWidgetsQt
GTK+
Swing/AWTAndroidView/Widget/Layout
MFC
Cross Platform
crossing the line, Jkönig, CC BY-NC-SA 2.0
GTK+
PythonC/C++ Perl Ruby C# ...
Linux Windows Mac
PHP
使用 GTK 的軟 / 硬體
Nokia n900
#!/usr/bin/env python
import pygtkpygtk.require ('2.0')import gtk
if __name__ == "__main__": window = gtk.Window (); window.show ()
gtk.main ()
Event Handler
widget.connect("signal-name", callback)
#!/usr/bin/env python
import pygtkpygtk.require ('2.0')import gtk
def destroy (window): gtk.main_quit ()
def hello (button): print "Hello World"
if __name__ == "__main__": window = gtk.Window () window.connect ("destroy", destroy) window.show ()
button = gtk.Button ("hello"); button.connect ("clicked", hello) button.show ()
window.add (button) gtk.main ()
gtk reference - gtk.Button
#!/usr/bin/env python
import pygtkpygtk.require ('2.0')import gtk
class HelloWorld: def __init__ (self): window = gtk.Window () window.connect ("destroy", self.destroy) window.show ()
button = gtk.Button ("hello"); button.connect ("clicked", self.hello) button.show ()
window.add (button) self.position = 0
def destroy (self, window): gtk.main_quit ()
def hello (self, button): print "Hello World, position: %d" % self.position self.position += 1
if __name__ == "__main__": hello = HelloWorld () gtk.main ()
Keep state, using class/object
https://gist.github.com/801496
Layout.layouts, Kemeny_x, CC BY-NC 2.0
GTK+ Layout – box packing
HBox
VBox
HBox VBox VBox
hbox = gtk.HBox()vbox1 = gtk.VBox()vbox2 = gtk.VBox()hbox.pack_start(vbox1)hbox.pack_start(vbox2)
pack_start / pack_end
window = gtk.Window ()hbox = gtk.HBox()vbox1 = gtk.VBox()vbox2 = gtk.VBox()hbox.pack_start(vbox1)hbox.pack_start(vbox2)
label = gtk.Label ("Text: ")vbox1.pack_start (label)
textview = gtk.TextView ()vbox1.pack_start (textview)
button_ok = gtk.Button ("OK")vbox2.pack_end (button_ok)
button_cancel = gtk.Button ("Cancel")vbox2.pack_end (button_cancel)
hbox.show_all()window.add(hbox)window.show()
layout
expand=Truefill=True
expand=Truefill=False
expand=Falsefill=False
window = gtk.Window ()hbox = gtk.HBox()vbox1 = gtk.VBox()vbox2 = gtk.VBox()hbox.pack_start(vbox1)hbox.pack_start(vbox2, expand=False)
label = gtk.Label ("Text: ")label.set_property('xalign', 0.0)textview = gtk.TextView ()vbox1.pack_start (label, expand=False)vbox1.pack_start (textview)
button_ok = gtk.Button ("OK")button_cancel = gtk.Button ("Cancel")vbox2.pack_end (button_ok, expand=False)vbox2.pack_end (button_cancel, expand=False)
hbox.show_all()window.add(hbox)window.show()
用程式刻 UI 累了嗎？
Tired Joy!, Tambako the Jaguar, by-nd
Gtk Builder
Gtk Builder
builder = gtk.Builder () builder.add_from_file ("layout.glade") window = builder.get_object ("window1") window.show ()
builder.connect_signals (self)
翻譯軟體 – GTK 版本
● 拉 UI (glade)● 事件分配 (glade)● 事件分配 (python)
gtk.TextView
gtk.TextView
gtk.TextBuffer
顯示文字內容
操作文字：- insert- delete
UI Freeze
Frozen Moment, drinksmachine, by-nc-nd
English 中文
UI Freeze
費時的操作
UI Freeze
Thread
嘿 Neo, 又是我
費時的操作
Thread
UI update
def translate(text): ... ...
class TransThread (Thread): def __init__(self, text, obj): self.text = text Thread.__init__(self)
def run(self): try: self.result = translate(self.text) except: self.result = "error"
Thread
Communication?
UI part Thread part?
概念
● 繼承gobject 或 gtk.Object● 註冊一個信號 (signal)● 連接此 signal● 當 Thread 結束後射出 (emit)此 signal
步驟
● gobject.type_register (Translation)
● gobject.signal_new("thread-complete", Translation, gobject.SIGNAL_RUN_FIRST, gobject.TYPE_NONE, ())
● self.connect ("thread-complete", self.thread_complete)
● self.obj.emit("thread-complete")
gtk-gtr2.py
範例
TreeViewTreeViewColumnCellRendererText
ListStoreTreeStore
View Model
Glade
ListStore
Weather
load-cities-completed load-weather-completed__init__
CitiesThread
Create
selected_city
WeatherThread
Create
產生城市列表 取得城市天氣
def __init__(self): self.__gobject_init__() self.builder = gtk.Builder() self.builder.add_from_file ("weather.glade") self.builder.connect_signals(self)
win = self.builder.get_object("window1") win.show_all() self.register_signals()
self.cities_thread = CitiesThread(self) self.cities_thread.start()
self.tree = self.builder.get_object("treeview_cities") col_name = gtk.TreeViewColumn("city name") self.tree.append_column(col_name) cell = gtk.CellRendererText() col_name.pack_start(cell, True) col_name.add_attribute(cell, 'text', 0)
self.tree.connect("cursor-changed", self.selected_city)
__init__
class CitiesThread(Thread): def __init__(self, obj): self.obj = obj Thread.__init__(self)
def run(self): self.cities = pywapi.get_cities_from_google('tw', 'zh-tw') gtk.gdk.threads_enter() self.obj.emit("load-cities-completed") gtk.gdk.threads_leave()
CitiesThread
WeatherThread
class WeatherThread(Thread): def __init__(self, obj, latitude, longitude): self.obj = obj self.latitude = latitude self.longitude = longitude Thread.__init__(self)
def run(self): weather = pywapi.get_weather_from_google(',,,%s,%s' % (self.latitude, self.longitude), 'zh-tw') self.weather = {"condition": weather['current_conditions']['condition'], "humidity": weather['current_conditions']['humidity'], "temp_c": weather['current_conditions']['temp_c']} gtk.gdk.threads_enter() self.obj.emit("load-weather-completed") gtk.gdk.threads_leave()
load-cities-completed
def load_cities_completed(self, obj): self.cities = self.cities_thread.cities self.liststore = self.builder.get_object("cities") for city in self.cities: self.liststore.append \ ([city['name'], long(city['latitude_e6']), long(city['longitude_e6'])])
load-weather-completed
def load_weather_completed(self, obj): weather = self.weather_thread.weather self.builder.get_object("label_temperature") \ .set_markup ("<span size='xx-large'>溫度：%s</span>" % weather['temp_c'])
self.builder.get_object("label_current") \ .set_label ("現在天氣：%s" % weather['condition'])
self.builder.get_object("label_humidity") \ .set_label ("濕度：%s" % weather['humidity'])
selected_city
def selected_city(self, tree): selection = self.tree.get_selection() (model, iter) = selection.get_selected() name = model.get_value(iter, 0) latitude = model.get_value(iter, 1) longitude = model.get_value(iter, 2) print "%s (%s, %s)" % (name, latitude, longitude) self.weather_thread = WeatherThread(self, latitude, longitude) self.weather_thread.start()
釣竿
● Dive Into Python 中文版● PyGTK 2.0 Tutorial● PyGTK 2.0 Reference Manual● google "python gtk <問題關鍵字 >"● 在 stackoverflow.com 上面找答案
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