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by Terrance Nennich. Presented at the 2012 MN Statewide High Tunnel Conference.
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Pruning and Pruning and Spacing Spacing
Tomatoes in High Tomatoes in High TunnelsTunnelsTerrance T, NennichTerrance T, Nennich
Extension ProfessorExtension Professor
Fruit and Vegetable Fruit and Vegetable ProductionProduction
University of Minnesota University of Minnesota Extension Extension
NCROC NCROC
These studies were conducted at the These studies were conducted at the North Central Research and North Central Research and Outreach Center , Grand Rapids Outreach Center , Grand Rapids Minnesota Minnesota
PruningPruning Increases fruit size.Increases fruit size.Promotes earlier harvest Promotes earlier harvest Reduces disease Reduces disease incidence.incidence.
Reduces grey wall.Reduces grey wall.Better air flow Better air flow
Pruning is most practical for…
•Small tomato plantings.
•High Tunnel tomato varieties.
•Late-season determinate varieties.
PruningPruning
Timeliness is of Timeliness is of the most the most Importance Importance
Determinate TypesDeterminate Types
Bush tomatoesBush tomatoes
Ends with terminal budsEnds with terminal buds
Easier to pruneEasier to prune
Growth is smallerGrowth is smaller
Most new releases are determinateMost new releases are determinate
Act different in high tunnels Act different in high tunnels
Pruning Pruning Determinant TypesDeterminant Types
Wait until plant has first flowers and Wait until plant has first flowers and tomato is the size of a nickeltomato is the size of a nickel
Going down skip one branch Going down skip one branch
Prune out everything belowPrune out everything below
Can be pruned to one or two leaders Can be pruned to one or two leaders
This will increase size and make a earlier This will increase size and make a earlier harvest. harvest.
Non-pruned
Pruned
Determinate Tomato Pruning Study
Lbs/Plant
%
Ripe Fruit Harvest
Pruning 1stEarly* Ripe
# Fruit/ Lbs / Lbs/
Treatment Ripe Good Plant Fruit Sq. Ft.
2003-Cultivar Debut
Single Stem 7/24 2.5 8.8 63% 17.0 0.534 1.40
Double Stem 7/21 1.9 12.3 58% 25.2 0.505 1.95
2004-Cultivar Sunshine
Single Stem 7/26 1.6 10.5 76% 19.6 0.534 1.67
Double Stem 7/23 1.2 12.1 73% 23.2 0.523 1.92
No Prune 8/9 0.0 22.1 81% 47.8 0.462 3.51
* Early harvest through 8/2
Do not over prune. Fruit needs leaf cover to Do not over prune. Fruit needs leaf cover to prevent sunburn.prevent sunburn.
Source: L. KamarSource: L. Kamar
Indeterminate TypesIndeterminate Types Continual GrowthContinual Growth 7-15 foot of height.7-15 foot of height. Continual tomato productionContinual tomato production Even production Even production Smaller production in given time. Smaller production in given time.
Pruning Pruning Indeterminate TypesIndeterminate Types
Wait until plant has first flowers and Wait until plant has first flowers and tomato is the size of a nickeltomato is the size of a nickel
Going down skip one sucker branch Going down skip one sucker branch
Prune out everything belowPrune out everything below
Can be pruned to one or two leaders Can be pruned to one or two leaders
All suckers must be removed during the All suckers must be removed during the season. season.
Sucker or axillary shoot
Must be less than 4 inches long.
PRUNING TOMATOES
Indeterminate Tomato Pruning Study- Cobra
2004 Lbs/Plant
%
Ripe Fruit Harvest
Pruning 1stEarly* Ripe
# Fruit/ Lbs / Lbs/
Treatments Ripe Good Plant Fruit Sq. Ft.
Single Stem 8/6 0.1 15.5 74% 35.6 0.436 2.46
Double Stem 8/12 0.0 17.0 73% 46.4 0.367 1.70
No Prune 8/19 0.0 13.6 61% 47.8 0.286 2.16
* Early harvest through 8/2/04
2006 Indeterminate Tomato Production - Cobra
Lbs/Plant
%
Ripe Fruit Harvest
1stEarly* Ripe Total
# Fruit/ Lbs / Lbs/
Treatment Ripe Good Plant Fruit Sq. Ft.
Spacing
18" 7/20 5.8 15.7 24.9 b 64% 40.7 b 0.392 2.50
24" 7/20 7.2 19.5 29.7 a 66% 48.1 a 0.407 2.32
Stems
Single 7/19 6.7 16.2 24.8 b 65% 37.7 b 0.428 a 2.23
Double 7/21 6.4 19.0 29.8 a 64% 51.1 a 0.372 b 2.58
* Early harvest through 8/2/06
SanitationSanitation
Prune with clean toolsPrune with clean tools
Disinfect while using Disinfect while using
If there any plants that are If there any plants that are stunted or diseased do stunted or diseased do them last or pull them out. them last or pull them out.
Spacing StudiesSpacing Studies
Spacing StudiesSpacing Studies
Will plant spacing make a difference Will plant spacing make a difference with with
Earliness??Earliness??
Tomato Size ??Tomato Size ??
Total yield??Total yield??
Determinate Tomato Spacing Study
Lbs/Plant
%
Ripe Fruit Harvest
1stEarly* Ripe
# Fruit/ Lbs / Lbs/
Spacing Ripe Good Plant Fruit Sq. Ft.
2003-Cultivar Debut
12” 7/24 3.1 9.1 68% 16.7 0.558 2.17
18” 7/21 2.9 8.3 68% 18.0 0.476 1.32
24” 7/21 4.0 8.3 59% 13.7 0.583 0.99
2004-Cultivar Sunshine
12” 7/23 1.2 7.9 72% 17.0 0.467 1.88
18” 7/28 1.0 8.1 79% 17.8 0.458 1.28
24” 7/26 1.2 9.8 69% 17.8 0.550 1.17
* Early harvest through 8/2
2006 Determinate Tomato Production
– Sunstart
* Early harvest through 8/2/06
Lbs/Plant Ripe Fruit Harvest
Early* Ripe Total % # Fruit/ Lbs/ Lbs/
Treatment Good Plant Fruit Sq. Ft.
Stems x Spacing
Single 12" 5.15 b 7.47 b 11.00 c 69% 18.4 b 0.409 1.78 bc
Single 18" 5.10 b 8.70 b 12.52 c 70% 20.0 b 0.440 1.38 cd
Single 24" 5.20 b 7.95 b 11.99 c 66% 17.6 b 0.459 0.95 d
Double 12" 6.52 ab 9.50 ab 14.51 bc 65% 23.3 ab 0.410 2.26 a
Double 18" 7.60 a 12.13 a 17.62 ab 70% 29.0 a 0.421 1.93 ab
Double 24" 7.51 a 11.95 a 18.66 a 65% 28.2 a 0.425 1.42 cd
2006 Determinate Tomato Production
- Sunstart
* Early harvest through 8/2/06
Lbs/Plant Ripe Fruit Harvest
1st Early* Ripe Total
% # Fruit/ Lbs/ Lbs/
Treatment Ripe Good Plant Fruit Sq. Ft.
Spacing
12" 7/8 5.8 8.5 b 12.8 67% 20.9 0.409 2.02 a
18" 7/6 6.4 10.4 a 15.1 70% 24.5 0.431 1.66 b
24" 7/7 6.4 10.0 ab 15.3 65% 22.9 0.442 1.18 c
Stems
Single 7/7 5.2 b 8.0 b 11.8 b 68% 18.7 b 0.436 1.37 b
Double 7/7 7.2 a 11.2 a 16.9 a 67% 26.8 a 0.419 1.87 a
* Early harvest through 8/2/06
Treatment Early* Good Spoiled Immature Total
Single 12" 1.23 b 1.78 bc 0.60 ab 0.24 cd 2.62 bc
Single 18" 0.81 cd 1.38 cd 0.27 c 0.34 bc 1.99 cd
Single 24" 0.62 d 0.95 cd 0.33 c 0.15 cd 1.43 d
Double 12" 1.55 a 2.26 a 0.63 a 0.57 a 3.46 a
Double 18" 1.21 b 1.93 ab 0.46 abc 0.41 ab 2.80 ab
Double 24" 0.89 c 1.42 cd 0.40 bc 0.40 abc 2.22 bc
Sunstart Yield By Fruit Sunstart Yield By Fruit Category (lbs/sq. ft.)Category (lbs/sq. ft.)
2006 Indeterminate Tomato Production – Cobra
Lbs/Plant
%
Ripe Fruit Harvest
1stEarly* Ripe Total
# Fruit/ Lbs / Lbs/
Treatment Ripe Good Plant Fruit Sq. Ft.
Stems x Spacing
Single 18" 7/19 6.4 15.4 24.1 b 64% 61.3 c 0.434 a 2.44 ab
Single 24" 7/19 6.9 17.0 25.7 b 67% 67.9 bc 0.422 a 2.03 b
Double 18" 7/20 5.2 16.1 25.5 b 64% 82.5 b 0.350 b 2.55 ab
Double 24" 7/21 7.6 21.9 33.9 a 65% 96.7 a 0.393 ab 2.60 a
* Early harvest through 8/2/06
Indeterminate Tomato Spacing Study
Cultivar-Cobra Lbs/Plant
%
Ripe Fruit Harvest
1stEarly* Ripe
# Fruit/ Lbs / Lbs/
Spacing Ripe Good Plant Fruit Sq. Ft.
2003
12” 8/8 0.1 9.6 59% 22.8 0.429 2.29
18” 7/28 1.1 11.8 58% 29.3 0.401 1.87
24” 8/1 0.6 15.8 72% 40.3 0.393 1.88
2004
12” 8/9 0.0 13.7 77% 32.7 0.419 3.26
18” 8/6 0.1 14.1 76% 34.6 0.408 2.24
24” 8/6 0.1 21.6 82% 43.6 0.496 2.57
* Early harvest through 8/2
Cobra Yield By Fruit Cobra Yield By Fruit Category (Category (lbs/sq. ft.)
Treatment Early Good Spoiled Immature Total
Single-18" 1.01 2.44ab 0.57 0.81ab 3.82a
Single-24" 0.82 2.03b 0.41 0.62b 3.06b
Double-18" 0.82 2.55ab 0.57 0.93a 4.04a
Double-24" 0.90 2.60a 0.57 0.86ab 4.05a
Pruning and Pruning and Spacing Spacing
Tomatoes in High Tomatoes in High TunnelsTunnels
Questions Questions ?? ??
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