Percona XtraDB Cluster SF Meetup

Percona XtraDB Clusterpowered by Galera

Vadim TkachenkoPercona Inc, co-founder, CTO

www.percona.comwww.mysqlperformanceblog.com

Percona XtraDB Cluster

This talk online• PowerPoint• http://bit.ly/PXC-meetup

• PDF• http://bit.ly/PXC-meetup-pdf

• Google Docs• http://bit.ly/PXC-meetup-gdocs

This talk

High Availability

Replication

Cluster

What is HA

Availability

Avail ~ Ability

Ability to Avail

Availability by redundancy

Duplicate resources

Failover

Probability of failure

Single server: P

Two servers:

X servers: P/X

Probability of failure

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

N of servers

Easy ?Not if we deal with databases

Database

Redundancy ?

Database availability is hard

Service availabili

Data availabili

Replication

MySQL Replication

If your HA is based on MySQL Replication –You are doing it wrong

What is wrong with MySQL replication ?

“a”

“a” in async

“async”

“sync”

Didn’t we just reinvent DRBD ?

Clustering

Percona XtraDB ClusterFree and Open Source

Virtually synchronoushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_synchrony

Virtually synchronous

synchronous

replication

multi-master

replication

parallel applying on slaves

data consistenc

automatic node

provisioning

synchronous

replication

multi-master

replication

data consistenc

automatic node

provisioning

Multi-master: MySQL

Multi-master: XtraDB Cluster

synchronous

replication

multi-master

replication

data consistenc

automatic node

provisioning

Parallel apply: MySQL

Parallel apply: XtraDB Cluster

synchronous

replication

multi-master

replication

data consistenc

automatic node

provisioning

XtraDB Cluster data consistency

synchronous

replication

multi-master

replication

data consistenc

automatic node

provisioning

Node provisioning

CAP theoremhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAP_theorem

Pick only TWO

Consistency

Node availabilit

Partition Tolerance

Network failure

MySQL Replication

Access to all systems - YES

Data consistency - NO

XtraDB Cluster

Access to all systems - NO

Data consistency - YES

3 nodes is the minimal recommended configuration

Split brain

Which system to make available ?

Split brain

But you deal with consequences

You still can have this setup

Choice

MySQL Replication:Access to all systems

Data consistency XtraDB Cluster:

MySQL replication

Flipper

Percona XtraDB Cluster details

PerconaXtraDB Cluster

Percona Server

WSREP patches

Galera library

Full compatibil

ity with existing systems

Minimal efforts to migrate

Minimal efforts to

return back to MySQL

So, is this a perfect solution?

Limitationssome will be solved later

Only InnoDB tables are supported

OPTIMISTIC locking for transactions on different servershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimistic_concurrency_control

Traditional locking

Optimistic locking

The write performance is limited by weakest node

Write performance

For write intensive applications there could be datasize limit per nodeNot physical but logical

Join process. Step 1

Join process. Step 2

Join process: step 3

This is software + hardware solution

InnoDB write performance

InnoDB performance + ACID

Cluster performance

•10 GigE •Infiniband

Network

•SSD•PCI-e Flash

Storage

Join process

State Transfer

Full data SST

New node

Node long time

disconnected

Incremental IST

Node disconnect

ed short time

Snapshot State Transfer

Mysqldump

Small databases

Donor disconnected for copy

faster

XtraBackup

Donor disconnect

ed for short time

slower

Incremental State TransferNode was in cluster

Disconnected for

maintenance

Node Crashed (work in

progress)

Scaleability

Scale ~ Ability

Ability to Scale

Scaleability is similar to availability

XtraDB Cluster: Reads scalability is easy

Write scalability is complicated

N servers scale to :

•N factor100% reads

•……

•N/2 factor50/50

•……

•1 or const100% writes

10 servers scale to :

• 1 server: 100 q/s• 10 servers: 1000

100% reads

q/s50/50

q/s (can be more)

100% writes

FAQQuestions I am asked

It looks so easy. Why did not you implement it earlier?It is not easy.Computer science of group communication and distributed transactions.Credits to Codership Oy

How fast is it?Reasonably fast.

Can I replicate XtraDB Cluster to MySQL Replication?Yes

Async MySQL Replication

Would I install it on a production system?Yes. I am going to upgrade MySQLPerformanceBlog.com to use XtraDB Cluster

How it is compared to MySQL Cluster?It is different

XtraDB Cluster

MySQL Cluster

Easy to migrate Easy to use Cloud / EC2 Changes in an application

Write scaling 99.999%

Resources• http://www.percona.com/software/percona-xtradb-cluster/• http://www.codership.com/wiki/doku.php• Virtual synchrony• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_synchrony

• CAP Theorem• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAP_theorem

• Optimistic locking• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimistic_concurrency_control

Credits• WSREP patches and Galera library is developed by Codership Oy

Thank you!

Questions ?

You can try Percona XtraDB Cluster today!

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