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Thoughts about past, the present and the future of scholarly technologies and scholarly practices. Based on work done with @hvdsomp at #DANS, as well as discussions with @scharnhorsta
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A reflec'on on the past, the present and the future of scholarly
technologies and scholarly prac'ces
Meertens eHumani'es talk 23/1/2014 @atreloar
Credit where it is due
• Drawing this aEernoon on three strands of thought: – Doctoral ac'vity (from a long 'me ago!) – Work with @hvdsomp (over last two weeks) – Thinking with @scharnhorsta (since September)
• Thanks to last two go to @pkdoorn from DANS
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Outline
• Personal context • Some werkhypothesen • Func'ons of scholarly communica'on • Pointers to the future
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Some personal background
• Educa'on – BA (Germanic Languages & Linguis'cs) – MA (English Literature) – Grad. Dip. (Compu'ng Studies) – PhD (Scholarly Communica'on)
• Academic career: 1983-‐1999 • Health informa'on network career: 1988-‐1990 • IT Opera'ons career: 1999-‐2005 • e-‐Research infrastructure career: 2003-‐present • More gory details
– andrew.treloar.net/personal/ – andrew.treloar.net/research/
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Generations of scholarly communication
• Republic of Letters • System of Journals • Web of Objects
January 27, 2014 CC-‐BY-‐SA, @atreloar and @hvdsomp
1. All knowledge is important [to someone]
• Implica'ons: The processes, structures and systems associated with the genera'on and communica'on of knowledge are thus also important.
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2. The process of genera;ng knowledge ma<ers
• Hopefully self-‐evident?
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3. Uncommunicated knowledge can have no effect
• Implica'ons: – Primary -‐ we need a system to communicate the outputs of research
– Secondary -‐ it is desirable if this system has a broad a public as possible
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4. The integrity of what is communicated is cri;cal
• Implica'ons: All elements that lead to the genera'on of the new knowledge are thus also within scope
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Genera'ons of Scholarly Communica'on
• Google doc in progress
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5. The genera;on of knowledge is becoming more dependent on data and models
• Implica'ons: Data and models also need to be archived and communicated
• NOTE: This varies by discipline, and thus may be easier to falsify for some disciplines
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6. Scholarly communica;on thus needs to include publica;on of/access to data/models
• Implica'ons: We need to provide ways of publishing (in the sense of making public) data and models, along with journal ar'cles and monographs (and working papers, etc)
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7. Data and models should be first class communica;on objects
• Implica'on: We need ways to refer to/cite/access data and models on their own, not just as linked en''es hanging off a publica'on
• Notes: – Rather than data and models just being ways to produce publica'ons, they can have value in their own rights.
– In some cases (e.g. Human Genome database) the data itself is much more important than any single associated publica'on.
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8. The rela;onship between first class objects is itself of value
• Implica'on: We need ways of represen'ng this rela'onship that are both human and machine-‐readable
• Notes: – Obviously OAI-‐ORE is directly relevant here – As are Verrijkte Publica'es (although these are very publica'on-‐centric)
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Functions of Research Communication Rosendaal and Geurts (1997) • Registration: Allows claims of precedence for a
scholarly finding • Certification: Establishes validity of claim • Awareness: Allows actors in the system to remain
aware of new claims • Archiving: Preserves the scholarly record
January 27, 2014 CC-‐BY-‐SA, @atreloar and @hvdsomp
System of Journals
• Registration – submission of manuscript
• Certification – peer-review (pre-publication) – commentary (post-publication)
• Awareness – discovery services
• Archiving – libraries (print) – publishers (electronic) – special purpose organisations (e.g. Portico)
January 27, 2014 CC-‐BY-‐SA, @atreloar and @hvdsomp
Pointers to the future
“the future is already here – it’s just not very evenly distributed” William Gibson, NPR interview
January 27, 2014 CC-‐BY-‐SA, @atreloar and @hvdsomp
Registration: BioRxiv
January 27, 2014 CC-‐BY-‐SA, @atreloar and @hvdsomp
Registration: ideacite
January 27, 2014 CC-‐BY-‐SA, @atreloar and @hvdsomp
Registration: Github
January 27, 2014 CC-‐BY-‐SA, @atreloar and @hvdsomp
Registration: WikiPathways
January 27, 2014 CC-‐BY-‐SA, @atreloar and @hvdsomp
Registration: NeuroLex
January 27, 2014 CC-‐BY-‐SA, @atreloar and @hvdsomp
Registration: Nanopublications
January 27, 2014 CC-‐BY-‐SA, @atreloar and @hvdsomp
Registration: Observations
• Decoupling registration from certification • Timestamping, versioning • Registration of various types of objects • Machines as creators and contributors
January 27, 2014 CC-‐BY-‐SA, @atreloar and @hvdsomp
Certification: PubPeer
January 27, 2014 CC-‐BY-‐SA, @atreloar and @hvdsomp
Certification: ZooUniverse
January 27, 2014 CC-‐BY-‐SA, @atreloar and @hvdsomp
Certification: Slideshare
January 27, 2014 CC-‐BY-‐SA, @atreloar and @hvdsomp
Certification: Project FeederWatch
January 27, 2014 CC-‐BY-‐SA, @atreloar and @hvdsomp
Certification: Observations
• Peer-review decoupled from publication process • Certification of various types of objects • Machines validating • Social endorsement
January 27, 2014 CC-‐BY-‐SA, @atreloar and @hvdsomp
Awareness: NARCIS
January 27, 2014 CC-‐BY-‐SA, @atreloar and @hvdsomp
Awareness: myExperiment
January 27, 2014 CC-‐BY-‐SA, @atreloar and @hvdsomp
Awareness: eLabNotebook RSS
January 27, 2014 CC-‐BY-‐SA, @atreloar and @hvdsomp
Awareness: Twitter
January 27, 2014 CC-‐BY-‐SA, @atreloar and @hvdsomp
Awareness: CrossRef Prospect
January 27, 2014 CC-‐BY-‐SA, @atreloar and @hvdsomp
Awareness: Observations
• Awareness for various types of objects • Real time awareness • Awareness support targeted at machines • Awareness through social media
January 27, 2014 CC-‐BY-‐SA, @atreloar and @hvdsomp
Archiving: CLOCKSS
January 27, 2014 CC-‐BY-‐SA, @atreloar and @hvdsomp
Archiving: DANS Easy
January 27, 2014 CC-‐BY-‐SA, @atreloar and @hvdsomp
Archiving: perma.cc
January 27, 2014 CC-‐BY-‐SA, @atreloar and @hvdsomp
Archiving: EU Trusted Digital Repositories
January 27, 2014 CC-‐BY-‐SA, @atreloar and @hvdsomp
Archiving: Observations
• Archiving for various types of objects • Distributed archives • Archival consortia • Audit for trustworthiness
January 27, 2014 CC-‐BY-‐SA, @atreloar and @hvdsomp
Characterising the future
January 27, 2014 CC-‐BY-‐SA, @atreloar and @hvdsomp
Fixed Varying
Discrete Continuous
Hidden VisibleResearch Process
Nature of object
Process of making public
Speed of communicationDelayed Instant
Atomic CompoundAtomicity of object
Communicated objectPublication
+data proxies
Publication + linked data + linked models
Formal InformalNature of process
Conclusions
• The world is changing, but… • Changes in scholarly prac'ce require: – drivers for altered behaviours – infrastructure to support/enable altered behaviours
• Not clear what final implica'ons will be yet • Exci'ng 'me to be a scholar!
January 27, 2014 CC-‐BY-‐SA, @atreloar and @hvdsomp
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