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Presented by Julius Robson, Lead NGMN Small Cell Backhaul Cambridge Broadband Networks Ltd ICT KTN & Cambridge Wireless Radio Technology SIG 3 October 2012
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Julius Robson, Lead NGMN Small Cell Backhaul
Cambridge Broadband Networks Ltd
ICT KTN & Cambridge Wireless Radio Technology SIG
3 October 2012
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NGMN Requirements for
Small Cell Backhaul
Next Generation Mobile Networks
jrobson@cbnl.com
The NGMN Alliance
The NGMN Alliance is developing, consolidating and communicating
operator requirements to ensure that customer needs and expectations
on mobile broadband are fulfilled.
The Alliance actively drives global alignment, harmonisation and
convergence of technology standards and industry initiatives with the
objective to avoid fragmentation and to guarantee industry scale.
A global presence has been established that comprises a leadership
network of more than 60 partners: Operators, Vendors, and Universities.
Several Cooperation Partners support the NGMN Alliance in projects,
conferences, and through liaison statements
The joint work programme covers key topics on Networks, Devices, and
Application Enablers as well as Spectrum Demand, SDO Alignment and
Technology Evolution.
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…driving industry alignment
The Alliance is supported by the key
industry players
More than
50% of world
wide
subscribers
More than
90% of
worldwide
equipment
…closely cooperates with key industry
organisations and research initiatives
4
NGMN
Requirements
Testing &
Trials
NGMN cooperation partners and organisations included in NGMN liaisons
Work focus on deployment, operations and
future technology enhancements
5
Share experiences from
deployment and
operations to improve
performance
Provide requirements to
drive future technology
enhancements
Ensure global alignment
to avoid fragmentation
of standards and
solutions
Overview of NGMN Work Areas
Standards
Alignment
LTE-FDD/TDD Convergence
Antenna design and Performance Measurement
Backhaul Solutions
Centralised RAN
Heterogeneous Networks Evolution and Operations
QoS, QoE Definition and Measurement
Smart Networks
Global Spectrum Harmonisation
Bandwidth aggregation
Standards evolution
Technology evaluation
Voice over LTE
Multi-mode, multi-band devices
Certification
SON use cases
OSS interfaces
OSS for Converged Networks
Operational
Efficiency
Devices
Network
Architecture
Application
Enablers
Spectrum
Deployment
Aspects
Innovation
Dialogue
Cognitive
Radio
Integrated
QoS
Management
coming
Security
In LTE
Backhauling
Feb
2012
NGMN Backhaul Evolution Project
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Optimised
Backhaul
Requirements
2008
Small Cell
Backhaul
Requirements
Jun
2012
http://www.ngmn.org/nc/downloads/techdownloads.html
Original
macrocell
focus
Small cell
specific Detailed
Refinement
aspects
Guidelines for
LTE Backhaul
Traffic
Estimation
Jul
2011
Motivation for Small Cell Backhaul Project:
Operators are currently considering deploying small cells as a
complement – or possibly alternative to their macro cell networks
Small cells will have different backhaul needs to macros
and many new solutions are being proposed to meet them
yet it is still uncertain which ones will work best
The purpose of this study was to help move the industry forward
by clarifying consensus around operators’ requirements for small
cell backhaul
These will inform the industry as to what operators need,
and aid in the selection and comparison of solutions
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Where do backhaul requirements come from?
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• Small cells can be deployed in a number of ways depending on the
network issue they are aiming to solve
• The purpose of backhaul is to connect the small cells to the core with
the required Quality of Service
• Backhaul requirements depends on the use case for the small cell
Core Services
Small Cell
RAN
Small Cell
Backhaul
Transport Network
Overview
9
Compare
Solutions
for small cell
backhaul
Define
Small Cells &
Use cases
within scope of
this study
Define
Requirements
for small cell
backhaul
Operator deployed
-Capacity hot spot
-Coverage not spot
HSPA+, LTE, WiFi
:
:
Capacity
Coverage
Availability
Physical design
:
:
Fibre
NLoS <6GHz
Microwave PMP/PTP
60/80GHz
TVWS
:
Overview
10
Compare
Solutions
for small cell
backhaul
Define
Small Cells &
Use cases
within scope of
this study
Define
Requirements
for small cell
backhaul
Operator deployed
-Capacity hot spot
-Coverage not spot
HSPA+, LTE, WiFi
:
:
Capacity
Coverage
Availability
Physical design
:
:
Fibre
NLoS <6GHz
Microwave PMP/PTP
60/80GHz
TVWS
:
Small Cell Use Cases
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Operator
(Public Access)
Femtocells
Home / Enterprise
Coverage
Targeted
Hot Spot
Non-targeted
‘Peppered’
Outdoor
Not-spot
Indoor
Not-spot
Small cells
Deployed by
Capacity
Consumer and
Enterprise deployed
Coverage &
QoE enhancement Primary
Motivation
Use Case
Small Cell Use Cases
Source: “Small Cell Deployment Strategies”, CBNL June 2011, http://goo.gl/xLtcR
Focus of NGMN requirements
Coverage or Capacity
A Definition:
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macro
…depends on presence of existing macro coverage:
Not spot Hot spot
No existing macro coverage
Small cell introduces service Macro coverage provides service
But QoE is poor during busy times
More CAPACITY needed Basic COVERAGE needed
Capacity: Targeted or Peppered?
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1) Un-served demand Hot spot ( existing macro cov)
Not spot (no existing macro cov)
3) Backhaul Connectivity Wired connection
LoS from Hub
NLoS with sufficient Tput 2) Suitable site Power, access, etc
coverage
How well can we match small cell coverage to demand in practice?
A blanket approach might be more cost effective in some cases
demand
Overview
14
Compare
Solutions
for small cell
backhaul
Define
Small Cells &
Use cases
within scope of
this study
Define
Requirements
for small cell
backhaul
Backhaul Requirement Categories
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The usual suspects In small cell flavours
Small Cell Specific
Capacity
provisioning
Coverage &
Connectivity
QoS
Support
Physical
Design
Sync
Security
Network
Architectures
OAM
Ease of
Installation
Cost
Availability
NGMN’s existing macro backhaul requirements have
been updated and new small cell specific items added
Coverage and Connectivity
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Macro
Typical Small
Cell locations
Small cells typically below
rooftop 3-6m above street
level
In a Het-Net scenario,
macrosites may double up as
aggregation sites for small
cells
‘Last mile’ backhaul therefore
provides connectivity
between macro sites and
small cell sites
Connection must meet QoS
requirements…
Coverage means providing connectivity between small cell sites
and local aggregation points which meets QoS requirements
Quality of Service Requirements
Consumers must have same QoE (Experience) over
small cells as over macrocells
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macro Hot spot
Not spot
Backhaul availability can be relaxed
Capacity must not be limited by backhaul
Availability cannot be relaxed
Capacity can be relaxed
Backhaul QoS requirements depend on deployment scenario
Calculating Backhaul Traffic
Consider user plane traffic + overheads
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S1 User plane traffic
(for 1 cell)
+Control Plane
+X2 U and C-plane
+OA&M, Sync, etc
+Transport protocol overhead
+IPsec overhead (optional)
Core network
RAN
Small Cell Backhaul Provisioning
Recommended provisioning based on small cell throughput
plus overheads for X2, IPsec transport etc.
Provisioning for N small cells = Max(peak, N x mean)
Capacity should not be limited by the backhaul at Hot-Spots
…but may be relaxed at coverage Not-spots
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Key Assumptions: evaluation methodology based on "Guidelines for LTE Backhaul Traffic Estimation", NGMN Alliance, July 2011
U-plane Cell Tput based on NGMN simulations for macro cells scaled to represent the small cell environment
Overheads added for transport protocol, IPsec security and X2 where appropriate
Overview
20
Compare
Solutions
for small cell
backhaul
Define
Small Cells &
Use cases
within scope of
this study
Define
Requirements
for small cell
backhaul
Last Mile Backhaul Options
LOS/nLOS PTP
Macro BTS site
with fibre or MWR backhaul Line of Sight
microwave
cable/fibre
LOS/nLOS/
NLOS LOS/nLOS/
NLOS
small cell site
Small cells may connect via macro sites
A mix of wired and wireless and backhaul technologies (e.g. PTP, PMP, LOS,
n(ear) LOS, N(on)LOS, FTTx) will be needed to reach Small Cell BTS sites
Small Cells may be connected in chain, tree or mesh topologies
NLOS (PMP) nLOS
The main differences between small and
macro cell backhaul are in the last mile
Small Cell Backhaul Solution Types
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Small Cell
Backhaul
Solutions
Wired
Wireless
DSL
Fibre
Satellite
TV White Space <800MHz
Non LoS <6GHz
Microwave 6-57 GHz
E-Band 64-85 GHz
60GHz 57-64 GHz
Spectrum Licensing
Dynamic + light
Area licensed
Unlicensed
Link licensed (PTP)
Area licenced (PMP)
Unlicensed
Light Licensed
Managed Service
Carrier Frequency
Small cell definition and scope of use cases
Backhaul Requirements
– Small cell network architectures
– Physical design
– Coverage and connectivity
– Capacity Provisioning (dimensioning)
– QoS support
– Synchronisation
– Availability and resiliency
– Security
– Operational, Management, Traffic Engineering
Backhaul Solutions
– Wired/Wireless LOS/NLOS etc
Requirement Statements
Small Cell Backhaul White Paper Download from: www.ngmn.org
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Main contributors:
Summary and Key Messages
Backhaul is a key enabler for small cells, but there is uncertainty around which
solutions are suitable. The NGMN will help move the industry forward by clarifying
consensus around requirements
We focus on operator deployed, open access small cells and ‘last mile’ backhaul
Key messages:
– Cost per small cell backhaul connection will need to be much lower than for
macrocells, but consumer Quality of Experience cannot be sacrificed
– There is however scope to relax some aspects of backhaul offered QoS:
Availability may be relaxed for capacity sites at hot-spots
Capacity provisioning may be relaxed for coverage sites at not-spots
– Small cells dictate the following new requirements for backhaul:
Coverage down to street level sites with sufficient QoS
Secure and compact physical design for rapid low cost installation
– A toolbox of solutions may be needed to address diverse deployment scenarios
Our white paper captures these issues and defines a set of requirement statements
This can be a basis for further work by groups such as the Small Cell Forum and MEF
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Thank you
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