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In this series of talks, our panel of experts present real world examples that illustrate how Lean Production concepts are being successfully applied to software development. In particular to applications that have to meet the highest levels of safety and security.
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Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Computer Science ProfessorUniversity Paris Diderot
http://www.dicosmo.org
roberto@dicosmo.org
March 26th, 2009
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Free Software : a reminder
Free (french : gratuit) :software you do not pay for (today)
Free (french : libre) :software with 4 rights
usestudy and modifydistributedistribute sources (even modified)(see for example http://www.opensource.org/docs/definition.php).
There are obligations too, according to thelicence : GPL/BSD/Mozilla/X, etc.
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Economy
Reminder :
economics : the study of how society chooses to allocate scarceresources to produce, exchange, and consume goods and services.
Ruffin, Gregory, “Principles of Economics”, 1990
Without scarcity, there is no economy.Let’s remember this when revisiting the software industry . . .
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Economy
Reminder :
economics : the study of how society chooses to allocate scarceresources to produce, exchange, and consume goods and services.
Ruffin, Gregory, “Principles of Economics”, 1990
Without scarcity, there is no economy.
Let’s remember this when revisiting the software industry . . .
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Economy
Reminder :
economics : the study of how society chooses to allocate scarceresources to produce, exchange, and consume goods and services.
Ruffin, Gregory, “Principles of Economics”, 1990
Without scarcity, there is no economy.Let’s remember this when revisiting the software industry . . .
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Software economy, old style
proprietary software
based on an artificial “scarcity” of copies of a piece of software . . .
This follows a push approach :
identify a market
develop a “one size fits all” software solution
sell licences to a lot of users, . . . if you can
make sure the users will need new versions, often. . .
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Software economy, old style
proprietary software
based on an artificial “scarcity” of copies of a piece of software . . .
This follows a push approach :
identify a market
develop a “one size fits all” software solution
sell licences to a lot of users, . . . if you can
make sure the users will need new versions, often. . .
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Software economy, old style
proprietary software
based on an artificial “scarcity” of copies of a piece of software . . .
This follows a push approach :
identify a market
develop a “one size fits all” software solution
sell licences to a lot of users, . . . if you can
make sure the users will need new versions, often. . .
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Software economy, old style
proprietary software
based on an artificial “scarcity” of copies of a piece of software . . .
This follows a push approach :
identify a market
develop a “one size fits all” software solution
sell licences to a lot of users, . . . if you can
make sure the users will need new versions, often. . .
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Software economy, old style
proprietary software
based on an artificial “scarcity” of copies of a piece of software . . .
This follows a push approach :
identify a market
develop a “one size fits all” software solution
sell licences to a lot of users, . . . if you can
make sure the users will need new versions, often. . .
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Remember this ?
It is from the 1980’s, and yet we still see it happen too often !
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Remember this ?
It is from the 1980’s, and yet we still see it happen too often !
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Remember this ?
It is from the 1980’s, and yet we still see it happen too often !
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Remember this ?
It is from the 1980’s, and yet we still see it happen too often !
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Remember this ?
It is from the 1980’s, and yet we still see it happen too often !
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Remember this ?
It is from the 1980’s, and yet we still see it happen too often !
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Remember this ?
It is from the 1980’s, and yet we still see it happen too often !Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Free Software and innovation
In the proprietary software world, the frontiers among architects,programmers, testers, service providers, educators and users arerigid, by necessity.
The acces to source code given by Free Software may blur them !
This does not happen by itself !
Phases of a successful FS : Martin Michlmayr (ex Debian leader)
Cathedral phase Transition phase Bazaar phase
Original “idea”Project AuthorCore developersUnix philosophy
⇒”Interest”PrototypeModular design
⇒
DistributeddevelopmentCommunityParallel maintenancePeer reviews
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Free Software and innovation
In the proprietary software world, the frontiers among architects,programmers, testers, service providers, educators and users arerigid, by necessity.The acces to source code given by Free Software may blur them !
This does not happen by itself !
Phases of a successful FS : Martin Michlmayr (ex Debian leader)
Cathedral phase Transition phase Bazaar phase
Original “idea”Project AuthorCore developersUnix philosophy
⇒”Interest”PrototypeModular design
⇒
DistributeddevelopmentCommunityParallel maintenancePeer reviews
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Free Software and innovation
In the proprietary software world, the frontiers among architects,programmers, testers, service providers, educators and users arerigid, by necessity.The acces to source code given by Free Software may blur them !
This does not happen by itself !
Phases of a successful FS : Martin Michlmayr (ex Debian leader)
Cathedral phase
Transition phase Bazaar phase
Original “idea”Project AuthorCore developersUnix philosophy
⇒”Interest”PrototypeModular design
⇒
DistributeddevelopmentCommunityParallel maintenancePeer reviews
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Free Software and innovation
In the proprietary software world, the frontiers among architects,programmers, testers, service providers, educators and users arerigid, by necessity.The acces to source code given by Free Software may blur them !
This does not happen by itself !
Phases of a successful FS : Martin Michlmayr (ex Debian leader)
Cathedral phase Transition phase
Bazaar phase
Original “idea”Project AuthorCore developersUnix philosophy
⇒”Interest”PrototypeModular design
⇒
DistributeddevelopmentCommunityParallel maintenancePeer reviews
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Free Software and innovation
In the proprietary software world, the frontiers among architects,programmers, testers, service providers, educators and users arerigid, by necessity.The acces to source code given by Free Software may blur them !
This does not happen by itself !
Phases of a successful FS : Martin Michlmayr (ex Debian leader)
Cathedral phase Transition phase Bazaar phase
Original “idea”Project AuthorCore developersUnix philosophy
⇒”Interest”PrototypeModular design
⇒
DistributeddevelopmentCommunityParallel maintenancePeer reviews
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Free Software and innovation
In the proprietary software world, the frontiers among architects,programmers, testers, service providers, educators and users arerigid, by necessity.The acces to source code given by Free Software may blur them !
This does not happen by itself !
Phases of a successful FS : Martin Michlmayr (ex Debian leader)
Cathedral phase Transition phase Bazaar phase
Original “idea”Project AuthorCore developersUnix philosophy
⇒”Interest”PrototypeModular design
⇒
DistributeddevelopmentCommunityParallel maintenancePeer reviews
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Free Software and innovation
In the proprietary software world, the frontiers among architects,programmers, testers, service providers, educators and users arerigid, by necessity.The acces to source code given by Free Software may blur them !
This does not happen by itself !
Phases of a successful FS : Martin Michlmayr (ex Debian leader)
Cathedral phase Transition phase Bazaar phase
Original “idea”Project AuthorCore developersUnix philosophy
⇒”Interest”PrototypeModular design
⇒
DistributeddevelopmentCommunityParallel maintenancePeer reviews
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Free Software and innovation
In the proprietary software world, the frontiers among architects,programmers, testers, service providers, educators and users arerigid, by necessity.The acces to source code given by Free Software may blur them !
This does not happen by itself !
Phases of a successful FS : Martin Michlmayr (ex Debian leader)
Cathedral phase Transition phase Bazaar phase
Original “idea”Project AuthorCore developersUnix philosophy
⇒”Interest”PrototypeModular design
⇒
DistributeddevelopmentCommunityParallel maintenancePeer reviews
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Free Software and innovation
In the proprietary software world, the frontiers among architects,programmers, testers, service providers, educators and users arerigid, by necessity.The acces to source code given by Free Software may blur them !
This does not happen by itself !
Phases of a successful FS : Martin Michlmayr (ex Debian leader)
Cathedral phase Transition phase Bazaar phase
Original “idea”Project AuthorCore developersUnix philosophy
⇒”Interest”PrototypeModular design
⇒
DistributeddevelopmentCommunityParallel maintenancePeer reviews
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Software economy, new style
free software
removes the “scarcity” of copies, exposing the other scarceresources : know-how, infrastructure, process, industrialization,customization skills etc.
This follows a pull approach :
identify a need
develop a software prototype
build a community
set up an ecosystem, with users, developers, architects,educators, service providers, cooperating
This requires all the members of the ecosystem to understand therules, and follow them.
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Software economy, new style
free software
removes the “scarcity” of copies, exposing the other scarceresources : know-how, infrastructure, process, industrialization,customization skills etc.
This follows a pull approach :
identify a need
develop a software prototype
build a community
set up an ecosystem, with users, developers, architects,educators, service providers, cooperating
This requires all the members of the ecosystem to understand therules, and follow them.
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Software economy, new style
free software
removes the “scarcity” of copies, exposing the other scarceresources : know-how, infrastructure, process, industrialization,customization skills etc.
This follows a pull approach :
identify a need
develop a software prototype
build a community
set up an ecosystem, with users, developers, architects,educators, service providers, cooperating
This requires all the members of the ecosystem to understand therules, and follow them.
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Software economy, new style
free software
removes the “scarcity” of copies, exposing the other scarceresources : know-how, infrastructure, process, industrialization,customization skills etc.
This follows a pull approach :
identify a need
develop a software prototype
build a community
set up an ecosystem, with users, developers, architects,educators, service providers, cooperating
This requires all the members of the ecosystem to understand therules, and follow them.
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Software economy, new style
free software
removes the “scarcity” of copies, exposing the other scarceresources : know-how, infrastructure, process, industrialization,customization skills etc.
This follows a pull approach :
identify a need
develop a software prototype
build a community
set up an ecosystem, with users, developers, architects,educators, service providers, cooperating
This requires all the members of the ecosystem to understand therules, and follow them.
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Software economy, new style
free software
removes the “scarcity” of copies, exposing the other scarceresources : know-how, infrastructure, process, industrialization,customization skills etc.
This follows a pull approach :
identify a need
develop a software prototype
build a community
set up an ecosystem, with users, developers, architects,educators, service providers, cooperating
This requires all the members of the ecosystem to understand therules, and follow them.
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Free Software Lessons vs. Lean principles : similar culture
Value
Every good work of software starts by scratching a developer’spersonal itch.
Customer first
Treating your users as co-developers is your least-hassle route torapid code improvement and effective debugging.
Removing waste
Good programmers know what to write. Great ones know what torewrite (and reuse).
Perfection, well. . . fix it fast
Release early, release often.Given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow.
Lessons from E. S. Raymond’s “The Cathedral and the Bazaar”,1997
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Free Software Lessons vs. Lean principles : similar culture
Value
Every good work of software starts by scratching a developer’spersonal itch.
Customer first
Treating your users as co-developers is your least-hassle route torapid code improvement and effective debugging.
Removing waste
Good programmers know what to write. Great ones know what torewrite (and reuse).
Perfection, well. . . fix it fast
Release early, release often.Given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow.
Lessons from E. S. Raymond’s “The Cathedral and the Bazaar”,1997
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Free Software Lessons vs. Lean principles : similar culture
Value
Every good work of software starts by scratching a developer’spersonal itch.
Customer first
Treating your users as co-developers is your least-hassle route torapid code improvement and effective debugging.
Removing waste
Good programmers know what to write. Great ones know what torewrite (and reuse).
Perfection, well. . . fix it fast
Release early, release often.Given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow.
Lessons from E. S. Raymond’s “The Cathedral and the Bazaar”,1997
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Free Software Lessons vs. Lean principles : similar culture
Value
Every good work of software starts by scratching a developer’spersonal itch.
Customer first
Treating your users as co-developers is your least-hassle route torapid code improvement and effective debugging.
Removing waste
Good programmers know what to write. Great ones know what torewrite (and reuse).
Perfection, well. . . fix it fast
Release early, release often.Given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow.
Lessons from E. S. Raymond’s “The Cathedral and the Bazaar”,1997 Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Some figures
Evolution of file number in the Linux kernel (G. Robles)
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
The change
Free Software lessons were easy to follow 10 years ago :
developer and users would often coincide (developers are alsothe users !) . . .
Joke
would our offices be somehow better if the architects were forcedto actually use them ?
Things are changing today : user and developer communities aregrowing steadily !
Can we scale up ?
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
The change
Free Software lessons were easy to follow 10 years ago :
developer and users would often coincide (developers are alsothe users !) . . .
Joke
would our offices be somehow better if the architects were forcedto actually use them ?
Things are changing today : user and developer communities aregrowing steadily !
Can we scale up ?
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
The change
Free Software lessons were easy to follow 10 years ago :
developer and users would often coincide (developers are alsothe users !) . . .
Joke
would our offices be somehow better if the architects were forcedto actually use them ?
Things are changing today : user and developer communities aregrowing steadily !
Can we scale up ?
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
The change
Free Software lessons were easy to follow 10 years ago :
developer and users would often coincide (developers are alsothe users !) . . .
Joke
would our offices be somehow better if the architects were forcedto actually use them ?
Things are changing today : user and developer communities aregrowing steadily !
Can we scale up ?
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
The challenge
science :develop theory and tools to allow Free Softwarecollaborative development to scale up
education :train tomorrow’s engineers
economy :explain and set up the ecosystems. . .
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Focus on science
Free Software is making software artefacts transparent :
no artificial barriers among architectural layers. . .
theoretical possibility to follow the flow of computation fromthe more abstract layers down to the moving bits in thehardware
new levels of quality assurance and certification can beexpected
we need theory and tools to make all this process lean.
Industry should invest in Free Software fundamental research, assoon as possible.
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Focus on science
Free Software is making software artefacts transparent :
no artificial barriers among architectural layers. . .
theoretical possibility to follow the flow of computation fromthe more abstract layers down to the moving bits in thehardware
new levels of quality assurance and certification can beexpected
we need theory and tools to make all this process lean.
Industry should invest in Free Software fundamental research, assoon as possible.
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Focus on science
Free Software is making software artefacts transparent :
no artificial barriers among architectural layers. . .
theoretical possibility to follow the flow of computation fromthe more abstract layers down to the moving bits in thehardware
new levels of quality assurance and certification can beexpected
we need theory and tools to make all this process lean.
Industry should invest in Free Software fundamental research, assoon as possible.
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Focus on science
Free Software is making software artefacts transparent :
no artificial barriers among architectural layers. . .
theoretical possibility to follow the flow of computation fromthe more abstract layers down to the moving bits in thehardware
new levels of quality assurance and certification can beexpected
we need theory and tools to make all this process lean.
Industry should invest in Free Software fundamental research, assoon as possible.
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Focus on science
Free Software is making software artefacts transparent :
no artificial barriers among architectural layers. . .
theoretical possibility to follow the flow of computation fromthe more abstract layers down to the moving bits in thehardware
new levels of quality assurance and certification can beexpected
we need theory and tools to make all this process lean.
Industry should invest in Free Software fundamental research, assoon as possible.
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Mancoosi technology preview : visualizing Systems ofSystems
GNU/Linux software distributions : probably the most complexsystem of systems on the planet
HOW can you visualize such a system of systems ?
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Mancoosi technology preview : visualizing Systems ofSystems
GNU/Linux software distributions : probably the most complexsystem of systems on the planet
HOW can you visualize such a system of systems ?Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Draw a graph, no deep knowledge
kde-amusements and kde-toys in Debian 3.1 (aka sarge, 2005)were unnecessary components, overlapping kde-games andkde-edu.
They are waste, and are gone today (2009).Should be easy to spot, only 244 components are concerned !Can you see this fact here ?
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Draw a graph, no deep knowledge
kde-amusements and kde-toys in Debian 3.1 (aka sarge, 2005)were unnecessary components, overlapping kde-games andkde-edu.They are waste, and are gone today (2009).
Should be easy to spot, only 244 components are concerned !Can you see this fact here ?
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Draw a graph, no deep knowledge
kde-amusements and kde-toys in Debian 3.1 (aka sarge, 2005)were unnecessary components, overlapping kde-games andkde-edu.They are waste, and are gone today (2009).Should be easy to spot, only 244 components are concerned !
Can you see this fact here ?
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Draw a graph, no deep knowledge
kde-amusements and kde-toys in Debian 3.1 (aka sarge, 2005)were unnecessary components, overlapping kde-games andkde-edu.They are waste, and are gone today (2009).Should be easy to spot, only 244 components are concerned !Can you see this fact here ?
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Let’s try a more systemic approach
Here is a graph of strong dominators for the KDE subsystem :
See the problem, now ?
More on this at http://www.mancoosi.org
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Let’s try a more systemic approach
Here is a graph of strong dominators for the KDE subsystem :
See the problem, now ?
More on this at http://www.mancoosi.org
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
Let me say this again. . .
We need to invest in Free Software fundamental research,as soon as possible.
Roberto Di Cosmo Lean principles, Open Source, and the road ahead
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