FIDO Webinar – A New Model for Online Authentication: Implications for Policy and Government...

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Implications for Policy and Government ApplicationsWebinar – May 4, 2016

A NEW MODEL FOR ONLINE AUTHENTICATION

Confidential. All Rights Reserved. FIDO Alliance. Copyright 2016.

2

Our Speakers

Jeremy Grant Brett McDowell Paul GrassiChertoff Group FIDO Alliance NIST

Authentication is Important to Government

1. Protects access to government assets2. Enables more high-value citizen-facing services3. Empowers private sector to provide a wider range of

high value services to consumers4. Secures assets in regulated industries5. Promotes good security practices in the private sector

Governments seek identity solutions that can deliver not just improved Security – but also Privacy,

Interoperability, and better Customer Experiences

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FIDO Delivers on Key Policy Priorities

Security• Authenticatio

n using strong asymmetric Public Key cryptography

• Superior to old “shared secrets” model – there is nothing to steal

• Biometrics as second factor

Privacy• Privacy

architected in up front; supports EU Privacy Principles, other national privacy initiatives

• No linkability or tracking

• Biometric data never leaves device

• Consumer control and consent

Interoperability• Open

standards: FIDO 2.0 specs are in W3C standardization process

• FIDO compliance/ conformance testing to ensure interoperability of “FIDO certified” products

Usability• Designed

with the user experience (UX) first – with a goal of making authentication as easy as possible.

• Security built to support the user’s needs, not the other way around

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All Rights Reserved. FIDO Alliance. Copyright 2016.

FIDO Impact on Policy

FIDO specifications offer governments newer, better options for strong authentication – but governments may

need to update some policies to support the ways in which FIDO is different.

As technology evolves, policy needs to evolve with it.

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FIDO ALLIANCE: AN OVERVIEW

Brett McDowell

The world has a PASSWORD PROBLEM

5Confidential

781 data breaches in 2015

Data Breaches…170 million records in 2015 (up 50%)$3.8 million cost/breach (up 23% f/2013)

ONE-TIME PASSCODESImprove security but aren’t easy enough to use

Still Phishable

User Confusion

TokenNecklace

SMS Reliability

6Confidential

WE NEED ANEW MODEL

WE CALL OURNEW MODEL

Fast IDentity Onlineonline authentication usingpublic key cryptography

THE OLDPARADIGM

USABILITYSECURITY

THE FIDO PARADIGM

Poor EasyW

eak

Stro

ngUSABILITY

SECU

RITY

HOW OLD AUTHN WORKS

ONLINE

The user authenticates themselves online by presenting a human-

readable “shared secret”

HOW FIDO AUTHN WORKS

AUTHENTICATOR

LOCAL ONLINE

The user authenticates

“locally” to their device (by various

means)

The device authenticates the user online using

public key cryptography

FIDO Registration

Invitation Sent New Keys Created

Pubic Key RegisteredWith Online Server

User is in a Session Or

New Account Flow

1 2 3

4

Registration Complete

User Approval

Login Complete

FIDO Authentication

FIDO Challenge Key Selected & Signs

Signed Response verified usingPublic Key Cryptography

User needs to login or authorize a transaction

1 2 3

4User Approval

OPEN STANDARDS R.O.I.FIDO-ENABLE ONCE

GAIN EVERY DEVICE YOU TRUSTNO MORE ONE-OFF

INTEGRATIONS

USABILITY, SECURITY, R.O.I. and

PRIVACY

Better security for online services Reduced cost for the enterpriseSimpler and safer for

consumers

FIDO Alliance Mission

DevelopSpecifications

OperateAdoption Programs

Pursue Formal Standardization

1 2 3

FIDO DEVELOPMENT TIMELINE

FIDO 1.0 FINALFirst

DeploymentsSpecificationReview Draft

FIDO Ready ProgramAlliance

Announced

FEB2013

6 Members

DEC201

3

FEB2014

FEB-OCT2014

DEC 92014

MAY2015

TODAY>250

Members

MarketAdoption

JUNE2015

CertificationProgram

New U2FTransports

Board Members

23

Sponsor Members

Associate Members

Government & Research“The fact that FIDO has now welcomed government

participation is a logical and exciting step towardfurther advancement of the Identity Ecosystem;

we look forward to continued progress.”-- Mike Garcia, NSTIC NPO

262640Confidential

Liaison ProgramOur mission is highly complementary to many other associations around the world. We welcome the opportunity to collaborate with this growing list of industry partner organizations. 27

27

“PayPal and Samsung Enable Consumer Payments with Fingerprint Authentication on New Samsung Galaxy S5” Feb 24, 2014

“Secure Consumer Payments Enabled for Alipay Customers with Easy-to-Use Fingerprint Sensors on Recently-Launched Samsung Galaxy S5” September 17, 2014

“Google Launches Security Key, World’s First Deployment of Fast Identity Online Universal Second Factor (FIDO U2F) Authentication”October 21, 2014

2014 FIDO ADOPTION

“Microsoft Announces FIDO Support Coming to Windows 10”Feb 23, 2015

“Qualcomm launches Snapdragon fingerprint scanning technology” March 2, 2015

“Google for Work announced Enterprise admin support for FIDO® U2F ‘Security Key’”April 21, 2015

“Largest mobile network in Japan becomes first wireless carrier to enhance customer experience with natural, simple and strong ways to authenticate to DOCOMO’s services using FIDO standards.”May 26, 2015

2015 FIDO ADOPTION“Today, we’re adding Universal 2nd Factor (U2F) security keys as an additional method for two-step verification, giving you stronger authentication protection.” August 12, 2015

“[T]he technology supporting fingerprint sign-in was built according to FIDO (Fast IDentity Online) standards.”September 15, 2015

“GitHub says it will now handle what is called the FIDO Universal 2nd Factor, or U2F, specification.”October 1, 2015

“NTT DOCOMO is now offering FIDO-enabled biometric authentication for customers using Apple iOS devices”Mar 7, 2016

2016 FIDO ADOPTION“FIDO Universal 2nd Factor (U2F) authentication is now being used to allow all UK citizens to easily and securely access GOV.UK Verify digital public services.Mar 23, 2016

“BC Card provides Token and FIDO services to strengthen security and safety of Samsung Pay” March 1, 2016

“KEB Hana’s new solution is notably FIDO Certified.” February 3, 2016

Deployments are enabled by over 150 FIDO® Certified productsavailable today

Available to anyone Ensures

interoperability Promotes the FIDO

ecosystem

Steps to certification:1. Conformance Self-Validation2. Interoperability Testing3. Certification Request4. Trademark License (optional)

fidoalliance.org/certification

33

Leading OEMs Shipping FIDO Certified Devices

Tab S, Tab S2

S5, Mini Note 4, 5 Alpha Note Edge

S6/S7, S6/S7 Edge

Sharp Aquos Zeta

Sony Experia Z5 Fujitsu Arrows(Iris Biometrics)

Samsung

LG V10 & G5 Huawei Mate 8

iPhone 5s iPhone 6, 6+

iPad Air 2, Mini 3

iPhone 6s, 6s+

iPad Mini 4 iPad Pro

FIDO Applications Now Run on iOS 9Supported iOS Fingerprint Devices

JOIN THE FIDO ECOSYSTEM

JOIN THE FIDO ALLIANCE

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38

FIDO IN GOVERNMENT SERVICES:

A NIST PERSPECTIVEPaul Grassi

FIDO and Digital Government Services

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–Dr. Andy Ozment

“…encryption would not have helped…”

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Privacy Enhancing & Voluntary

Secure & Resilient

Interoperable

Cost-Effective & Easy to Use

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USG Use Cases

?M-05-24

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Strength Of...

02468

10

Identity ProofingCredentialAttributes

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strength of authenticationAll Rights Reserved. FIDO Alliance. Copyright 2016.

Update on the Update

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Confidential. All Rights Reserved. FIDO Alliance. Copyright 2016.

47

PERSPECTIVES ON FIDO IN GLOBAL POLICY

Jeremy Grant

FIDO Engagement on Policy Issues• FIDO Launched the Public Policy and Privacy Working Group (P3WG) in 2014

• Mission: • Focus on “Privacy by Design” approach to FIDO specifications,

providing privacy expertise and guidance • Monitor global privacy and public policy issues that impact

authentication, engaging in education efforts where appropriate

• Co-Chairs: Hannes Tschofenig (ARM) and Stephan Somogyi (Google)

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All Rights Reserved. FIDO Alliance. Copyright 2016.

Why Policy Matters• Governments around the world are focusing on identity and

authentication requirements, both for their own systems, as well as systems in industries that they regulate• Drivers for these enhanced requirements include both the

increased number of attacks tied to passwords in public and private sector, as well as the need for more secure consumer/citizen-facing digital services • As governments engage here, support for new approaches like

FIDO is not a given: • Most governments are not aware of FIDO, or if they are, do not properly

understand it• Natural gap between technology innovation and understanding of that

innovation by policymakers and regulators

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FIDO Engagement on Policy Issues2016 Activities• FIDO Privacy White Paper – January 2016• Response to the European Banking Authority (EBA)

Discussion Paper on Future Draft Technical Standards on Strong Customer Authentication and Secure Communication Under the Revised Payment Services Directive (PSD2) – February 2016• Response to NIST RFI on updates to NIST

“Framework for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity” – March 2016• Active inventorying and monitoring of

authentication-related policies across the globe

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What Governments Should Know1. Recognize that two-factor authentication no

longer brings higher burdens or costs.

• While this statement was true of most “old” MFA technology, FIDO specifically addresses these cost and usability issues.

• FIDO enables simpler, stronger authentication capabilities that governments, businesses and consumers can easily adopt at scale.

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What Governments Should Know2. Recognize technology is now mature enough to enable two secure, distinct authentication factors in a single device.• Recognized by the US government (NIST) in

2014… • “OMB (White House) to update guidance on

remote electronic authentication” to remove requirements that one factor be separate from the device accessing the resource

• The evolution of mobile devices – in particular, hardware architectures that offer highly robust and isolated execution environments (such as TEE, SE and TPM) – has allowed these devices to achieve high-grade security without the need for a physically distinct token

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What Governments Should Know3. As governments promote or require strong authentication, make sure it is the “right” strong authentication.

The market is in the midst of a burst of innovation around authentication technology – some solutions are better than others. Don’t push the adoption of old authentication technology.

• Old authentication technologies impose significant costs and burdens on the user – which decreases adoption

• Old authentication technologies have security (i.e., phishable) and privacy issues – putting both users and online service providers at risk

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What Governments Should Know4. FIDO is designed to enhance privacy

• Designed from the start to support the Privacy Principles of the European Data Protection Directive and other government privacy initiatives• No 3rd Party in the Protocol• No Secrets on the Server Side• Biometric Data (if used) Never Leaves Device• No Linkability Between Services• No Linkability Between Accounts

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FIDO and User Privacy - US

FIDO Privacy Principle IDESG Privacy requirementsRequire explicit, Informed consent for any operation using personal data

PRIVACY-6. USAGE NOTICEPRIVACY-8. THIRD PARTY LIMITATIONSPRIVACY-9. USER NOTICE OF CHANGESPRIVACY-10. USER OPTION TO DECLINEPRIVACY-11. OPTIONAL INFORMATION

Provide clear context to the user for any FIDO operations

PRIVACY-6. USAGE NOTICEPRIVACY-8. THIRD PARTY LIMITATIONSPRIVACY-9. USER NOTICE OF CHANGESPRIVACY-10. USER OPTION TO DECLINEPRIVACY-11. OPTIONAL INFORMATION

Limit collection of personal data to FIDO-related purposes

PRIVACY-1. DATA MINIMIZATION

PRIVACY-2. PURPOSE LIMITATION

PRIVACY-3. ATTRIBUTE MINIMIZATION

PRIVACY-5. DATA AGGREGATION RISKPRIVACY-8. THIRD PARTY LIMITATIONSPRIVACY-12. ANONYMITY

PRIVACY-13. CONTROLS PROPORTIONATE TO RISK

Use personal data only for FIDO operations

PRIVACY-1. DATA MINIMIZATIONPRIVACY-2. PURPOSE LIMITATIONPRIVACY-5. DATA AGGREGATION RISK PRIVACY-8. THIRD PARTY LIMITATIONS

FIDO Privacy Principle IDESG Privacy requirements

Prevent identification of a user outside of FIDO operations

PRIVACY-1. DATA MINIMIZATIONPRIVACY-2. PURPOSE LIMITATIONPRIVACY-3. ATTRIBUTE MINIMIZATIONPRIVACY-5. DATA AGGREGATION RISKPRIVACY-8. THIRD PARTY LIMITATIONSPRIVACY-12. ANONYMITY

Biometric data must never leave the user’s personal computing environment

PRIVACY-1. DATA MINIMIZATION

PRIVACY-2. PURPOSE LIMITATION

PRIVACY-3. ATTRIBUTE MINIMIZATION

PRIVACY-4. CREDENTIAL LIMITATIONPRIVACY-8. THIRD PARTY LIMITATIONSPRIVACY-15 ATTRIBUTE SEGREGATION

Protect FIDO-related data from unauthorized access or disclosure

Covered by IDESG Security RequirementsPRIVACY-14. DATA RETENTION

Allow users to easily view and manage their FIDO Authenticators

PRIVACY-7. USER DATA CONTROLPRIVACY-8. THIRD PARTY LIMITATIONSPRIVACY-14. DATA RETENTION

FIDO Privacy Principles mapped to Identity Ecosystem Steering Group (IDESG) Requirements

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FIDO and User Privacy - EUEU Privacy Principle FIDO Implementation of EU Privacy Principle

Personal data must be processed fairly and lawfully

For a User to access a Relying Party’s services through FIDO Authentication, the User must first agree to register with that Relying Party. When the User wishes to access the online service, they must execute the User Verification step, e.g. touching a sensor, entering a passcode, or providing their fingerprint, in order to execute the cryptographic computation. This ensures that malware installed on the User’s device is unable to autonomously perform FIDO operations.

Personal data can only be processed for one or more specified lawful purpose(s)

The Personal Data required to access an online service, such as a fingerprint, can only be accessed by the FIDO Authenticator which is part of the User’s device. The FIDO Authenticator can only access such data when it is required to perform an Authentication. The FIDO protocol requires a minimum amount of data stored by the Relying Party, for which the user is required to provide consent.

Personal data must be adequate, relevant, and not excessive in relation to the purposes for which it is being used

The data needed to perform an Authentication is collected by the Relying Party when the User registers with it. This data is: A public key: This allows the Relying Party to verify that the FIDO Authenticator being used is the one previously registered by the User. Authenticator Attestation ID (AAID): This is a reference that allows the Relying Party to look-up the characteristics of the used FIDO Authenticator. Key Handle: An identifier created by a FIDO Authenticator, potentially containing an encrypted private key, to refer to a specific key maintained the FIDO

Authenticator.

Personal data must be accurate and up to date

The data used for FIDO Authentication, such as the registered public key, must be accurate since cryptographic verification fails otherwise.If the data becomes corrupted for any reason, the User needs to re-register with the Relying Party. Re-registration changes the registered public key.

Personal data must not be kept for longer than necessary to fulfil the purposes for which it was collected

The User may de-register from a Relying Party at any time. Once de-registration has taken place the Public key held by the Relying Party is of no further use.

Personal data must be kept secure

Allowing users to authenticate using FIDO Authentication provides a greater level of security around accessing personal data than passwords alone. Data required for local User Verification is stored locally on the FIDO Authenticator. FIDO-related data stored at the Relying Party is not confidential by itself. The FIDO Authenticator is required to protect data required for User Verification and FIDO-related data, such as cryptographic keys, against unauthorized access by third parties.

Personal data must be processed in accordance with rights of data subjects

Personal data used to authenticate a User can only be accessed by that User when the User wishes to be authenticated.

Personal data cannot be transferred outside a given geographical area, such as the EEA, without specific circumstances being in place.

Personal data held in a FIDO Authenticator will be protected by the same mechanisms irrespective of the device’s location and the device can only leave the EEA if the owner wishes it to do so.The FIDO Server used by the Relying Party does not contain personal data.

Better security for online services Reduced cost for the enterpriseSimpler and safer for

consumersAll Rights Reserved. FIDO Alliance. Copyright 2016.

All Rights Reserved. FIDO Alliance. Copyright 2016.

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